高中英語--狀語從句專題講解(詳細(xì))

1、狀語從句知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖定義：在主從復(fù)合句中作狀語的從句叫作狀語從句。狀語從句一般修飾主句的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞時(shí)間狀語從句l 時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞when 當(dāng)時(shí)候while 當(dāng)時(shí)候as 當(dāng)時(shí)候after 在之后before在之前till 直到為止until 直到為止ever since 自從since自從every/each time 每次next time 下次by the time 到時(shí)候as soon as一 就once一 就the moment 一 就hardly/scarcely when一 就no sooner than一 就directly/immediately/instantly一

2、就注：在時(shí)間狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)；用一般過去時(shí)替代過去將來時(shí)。e.g. when you get up, ring me up. when he left the classroom, the teacher came in.when, while, as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句1) when, while和as的共同用法when, while和as都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)候”。若表示主句中的動(dòng)詞和從句中的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，而從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，這三個(gè)詞等同，可以互換。when/while/as we were dancing, a stranger cam

3、e in.（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）2) when/while和as用法區(qū)別when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句謂語動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的，而while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的。when you came in, i was talking with a few boys.（非延續(xù)性）while we were waiting for the bus, it was raining heavily.（延續(xù)性）while和as常表示從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，而when表示從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前、之后，也可同時(shí)發(fā)生。they rushed in while/as we w

4、ere discussing problems.（同時(shí)發(fā)生）when he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.（先發(fā)生+后發(fā)生）when i got to the airport, the guest had left.（后發(fā)生+先發(fā)生）注：when還可表示原因，意為“既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；也可以用作并列連詞，意為“就在那時(shí)”，常構(gòu)成如下結(jié)構(gòu)：be about to do sth when 正要做某事，突然/就在那時(shí)be doing sth when正在做某事，突然/就在那時(shí).while表示兩個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生而又有對(duì)比意義，

5、主從句時(shí)態(tài)通常是相同的。while she was making a phone call, i was writing a letter.（對(duì)比意義）注：a) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)可延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生而又有對(duì)比意義時(shí)，從句常用while引導(dǎo)，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是相同的。e.g. my brother was washing the dishes while i was cleaning the table.b) while還可作并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對(duì)比；也可以意為“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。as意為“隨著，一邊，一邊”,常有以下用法：a) 用于表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。b) 表示兩個(gè)

6、發(fā)展變化中的情況。c) 表示在某事發(fā)生的過程中另外一件事發(fā)生。d) 表示隨著短暫動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，另一動(dòng)作立刻發(fā)生。before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句before意為“在之前”，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前。after意為“在之后”，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。please turn off the lights before you leave the classroom.（先發(fā)生+后發(fā)生）he arrived after the game started.（后發(fā)生+先發(fā)生）注：before常用于“it will/would(not)+一段時(shí)間+before”句型中，肯定句意為“多長(zhǎng)

7、時(shí)間后才”；否定句意為“用不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就”it will be a long time before we finished this task. （我們需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能完成這個(gè)任務(wù)）it wont be long before we meet again. （過不了多久我們就會(huì)再見面）全國高中英語教師資料群190624773,該群全國規(guī)模最大、氛圍最濃、資源超過30tb,旨在便于高英老師結(jié)交同仁交流成長(zhǎng)、教學(xué)探究資源共享,共同提高行業(yè)水平另外群內(nèi)持續(xù)更新優(yōu)質(zhì)教學(xué)和復(fù)習(xí)資料;歡迎優(yōu)秀同行進(jìn)群,讓教學(xué)更輕松!讓課堂更高效!till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句until/till意為“直到為止”

8、。當(dāng)主句為否定句時(shí)，常構(gòu)成“notuntil”的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“直到才”1) 主句是否定句時(shí)主句如果是否定句，則此時(shí)主句謂語動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主句的動(dòng)作從從句表示的時(shí)間點(diǎn)才開始，即“直到才”i didnt know anything about it until you told me （否定句，謂語為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）2） 主句是肯定句時(shí) 主句如果是肯定句，則此時(shí)主句謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主句的動(dòng)作直到從句表示的時(shí)間點(diǎn)就結(jié)束，即“直到為止”。 i will wait for you until/till you come back.（肯定句，謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）注：用于句首時(shí)，常用unt

9、il而不用till.e.g. until you told me, i had heard nothing of what happened.在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中until不能改成till，且該強(qiáng)調(diào)句式常以“not until”形式存在，not與until放在一起進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。e.g. it is not until youve finished your work that you are allowed to play football.“notuntil”意為“直到才”，置于句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。not until i began to work did i realize how much ti

10、me i had wasted.since和ever since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句1) since意為“自從”。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，since前可加ever，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。i have lived in england since i was three.it is two years since i became a college student.2) 從句謂語動(dòng)詞不同，表達(dá)的意義不同。since引導(dǎo)的從句謂語如果是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，則從句表示的時(shí)間是從該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。it has been a year since he worked he

11、re.他不在這里工作已經(jīng)一年了。（work是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因此從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束算起）he has written to me regularly since he was ill. （be ill 是表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，因此從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起）since引導(dǎo)的從句謂語如果是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則從句表示的時(shí)間從該動(dòng)作開始時(shí)算起。we havent seen each other since we parted.自從我們分手以后，我們一直沒有見過面。（part非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因此從該動(dòng)作開始時(shí)算起）3）“ it is/has beensince+從句”句式。意為“自從有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了” it is/has been

12、5 years since we last met. 自從我們上次見面以來已經(jīng)有5年了。注：it is/has been+since+一般過去時(shí)it will be+before+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)it was/had been+since+一般過去時(shí)名詞短語引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句表示時(shí)間的名詞短語有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，常見的此類名詞短語有：the time那時(shí)the moment一就the minute一就the day那天the last time上一次the second time第二次each day每一天every time每一次next time下一次any time任何時(shí)候the day

13、 he returned home, his father was already dead.注：以上的這些名詞短語含有“每次，每天，每分鐘”等含義，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，這些名詞前不加介詞，后面不加when等從屬連詞。by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句by the time意為“到時(shí)候”，常表示到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)為止。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主句常用將來完成時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。by the time you graduate, you will have lived in australia for one year.by the time he arrived at the airport, the

14、 airplane had taken off.表示“一就”的詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。表示“一就”的詞有：as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, “no sooner than”, hardly/scarcely when”等。 這類詞語表示從句動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作也隨即發(fā)生。i hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.the moment i saw it, i fell in love with it.注：“n

15、o soonerthan”,“hardlywhen”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。此外，當(dāng)把no sooner, hardly/scarcely提到句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。no sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. = he had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.hardly had i told him the news when he stopped listening.=i hardly told him the news when he s

16、topped listening.地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有when和wherever。where, wherever指具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)，從句可用于主句之前或之后；where, wherever表示抽象概念的含義時(shí)，從句需放在主句前。a number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. （where表示具體地點(diǎn)）where there is a will, there is a way.（where表示抽象概念）where引導(dǎo)的定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別。youd better

17、make a mark at the place where you have any questions. （定語從句）youd better make a mark where you have any questions. （狀語從句）地點(diǎn)狀語從句與定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化地點(diǎn)狀語從句一般可以轉(zhuǎn)化為定語從句，只要在where 前加“介詞+the place”，便可變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句原因狀語從句原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞because 因?yàn)閟ince既然，因?yàn)閍s因?yàn)?由于for因?yàn)閚ow that既然in that由于某種原因for the reason that 因?yàn)閟eeing (that) 由于cons

18、idering (that)考慮到given (that) 考慮到because, as, since, now that的用法和比較區(qū)別連詞位置內(nèi)涵語氣能否回答why能否被強(qiáng)調(diào)because（因?yàn)椋┲骶淝盎蚝笾苯右蚬P(guān)系強(qiáng)能能as（由于）主句前或后雙方都知道的原因弱不能不能since/now that（既然）主句前i am trying to lose weight because im so ashamed of my body.it was because it didnt rain for a long time that the crops failed.as it was a pu

19、blic holiday, all the shops were shut up.since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?now that you are a high school student, you are responsible for what you do.注：when也可以表示原因，意為“既然，考慮到”，相當(dāng)于since, considering (that)。why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one alrea

20、dy?條件狀語從句條件狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞if如果unless除非once一旦as/so long as只要only if只要on condition that條件是supposing(that)假如，如果providing/provided that倘若in case (that)以防，萬一ones life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.supposing he does not come, shall we go without him?you can use my car on condition t

21、hat you return it by next monday.unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句unless與ifnot可以互換，但是unless語氣較強(qiáng)。在unless引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語不能再用否定式。you will be late unless you leave immediately.=you will be late, if you dont leave immediately.注：if能用于虛擬條件句中，但unless不能。only if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句如果only if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句位于主句之前，主句用部分倒裝；如果only if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句位于主句之后，主句要

22、用正常語序。only if you finished the work can you play computer games. （主句用部分倒裝）ill tell you the secret only if you promise not to tell anyone else. （主句用正常語序）條件狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)當(dāng)主句是將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，條件狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。i will go there tomorrow unless it rains/if it doesnt rain.she said she would come if i invited her.讓步狀語

23、從句讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞although/though盡管even if/though即使as盡管whetheror 不管還是whether (or not)無論；是否no matter+疑問詞、疑問詞-ever不論although和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句although和though兩者意思相同，一般可以互換，都可以與yet, still或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。although/though it was raining hard, (yet) they went on playing football.注：though還可用作副詞，單獨(dú)置于句末，意為“但

24、是，可是，不過”；although不可用作副詞。在even though中一般不可用although代替。e.g. ive a bit of headache. its nothing much, though.even if和even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句這兩個(gè)短語表示語氣更強(qiáng)的讓步，意為“即使”，引導(dǎo)的從句可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。she insisted that her own opinion even if/though she was wrong. （陳述語氣）even if i were busy, i would go. （虛擬語氣）as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句as引導(dǎo)

25、的讓步狀語從句放在主句之前，需用倒裝語序，從句的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形位于句首。若表語時(shí)名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句有時(shí)也可以這樣用。該句型的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為：表語/狀語/動(dòng)詞原形+as/though+主語+助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞tired as/though he was, he continued his work.no matter+疑問詞和疑問詞-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，兩者可以進(jìn)行互換。但是疑問詞-ever還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，而no matter+疑問詞不可以。everyone will be given a telephone numbe

26、r at birth that will never change no matter where they live. (=wherever they live)（no matter where引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句）whoever wants to go can write your name down here.（whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不可用no matter who 替換）whether(or not)和“whetheror”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句whether you believe it or not, it is true.sports will be of great val

27、ue to people, whether they are men or women, old or young.方式狀語從句方式狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞as正如，像；按照方式as if/though好像，似乎just as正如the way像as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句you must do as the teacher tells you.always do to the others as you would be done by.注：方式狀語從句應(yīng)該放在主句之后。as if和as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句as if和as though引導(dǎo)的從句中一般用虛擬語氣。但是，若句中的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相符或

28、實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，也可用陳述語氣。i remember it as if it happened yesterday. （虛擬語氣）he closed his eyes as if/though he was tired. （陳述語氣）目的狀語從句目的狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞in order that為了，以免so that 為了，以便for fear (that)以免，唯恐in case 以防，以免lest 免得，以防for the purpose that為了in order that, so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句兩者都意為“為了，以便”，引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could,

29、may, might, would等。in order that比so that正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句只能置于主句后。so that中的that有時(shí)可省略。in order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time.for fear (that), in case和lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句這些從屬連詞意

30、為“以防，以免”，引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)要用“（should/might/could）+動(dòng)詞原形”。the boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that/lest his father should see him.注：so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別so that既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常含有 can, could, may, might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。而引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語時(shí)則沒有。he always works hard so that he may

31、make great progress.（目的狀語從句）he always worked hard, so that he made great progress. （結(jié)果狀語從句）結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞so that 以至于that 以至于sothat如此以至于suchthat如此以至于sothat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句在 sothat結(jié)構(gòu)中，so是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)。 形容詞/副詞 many/few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞so + much/little+不可數(shù)名詞 +that +從句 形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞kitty is so lovely that

32、 we all like to play with her.he made so many mistakes that he failed the exam once again.注：that本身也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。what have you done that you look so tired?名詞前有many, much, few, little修飾時(shí)，用“sothat”結(jié)構(gòu)，但當(dāng)little意為“小”時(shí)，用“suchthat.”結(jié)構(gòu)。such a little boy has so little difficulty in working out this problem that

33、 i admire him very much.suchthat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句在suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)中，such是形容詞，修飾名詞名詞或名詞短語。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)： a(n)+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞such+ 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +that+從句 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞his plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.we had such terrible weather that we couldnt finish the work.注：“ such + a(n)+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that” 可與“

34、 so +形容詞+ a(n)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that”互換，但一定要注意不定冠詞的位置。e.g. jack is such an honest student that we all believe him. =jack is so honest a student that we all believe him.so或such that置于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。e.g. so fast did he walk that none of us was his equal. such good news did we get that everyone was excited.so that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句so that 引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，意為“以至于”，從句前有逗號(hào)與主句分開。so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，從句中一般不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could等。he didnt plan his time well, so that he didnt finish his work on time.注：so that既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。