【新上海牛津版】2015-2016初中英語八年級下冊Unit4知識點語法精講精練

1、 世紀金榜 圓您夢想 八年級下 unit 4 cartoons and comic strips 一、短語歸納：1.comic strip 連環(huán)漫畫2.pop out 張大，睜大3.decide on 決定4.video camera 攝像機5.play against 同比賽6.weather forecast 天氣預報7.thank goodness 謝天謝地8.make it 獲得成功9.think of 考慮，想起，記得 what do you think of .？ 10.have a good idea 有個好主意11.think about 思考，考慮

2、12.add.to.把添加到13.sound effects 音響效果14.at the underground station 在地鐵站15.look like 看上去像16.put.together 把放在一起17.the same as 與相同18.be different from 與不同19.a pair of 一雙20.at the top of 在頂部21.look out=take care=be careful 當心22.pick up 撿起23.in trouble 在困境中二、重點詞匯：1.appear+(to be )+adj. she appears (to be)

3、happy at the news. 她聽到這個消息時顯得很開心。appear +to do sth you appear to travel quite a lot. 你好像走過很多地方。2. a bit of = a little 3.be ready to do sth. be/get ready for sth. 4.the same as和一樣 be different from 和不同5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel連系動詞后接形容詞作表語。6 .in trouble 在困境中 have trouble with sb./sth.某人/某物有毛病 get

4、into trouble 惹上麻煩 have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻煩 take the trouble to do sth. 費力做某事7.succeed in doing 做成某事8.laugh at sb.嘲笑某人9.tell sb. sth. 告訴某人某事 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人做某事10.be used to do 被用來做 used to do 過去常常做 be used to doing 習慣于做三、知識點講解與拓展：1. character：n. 人物、角色yue fei is a great histori

5、cal character.2. think of 考慮、思考im thinking of going to paris for vacation.拓展：think of：想起、記起 i cant think of his name. think of：對有某種看法，常用于“what do you think of”句型中 what do you think of the book？3. add to& add toadd to把加到上please add some salt to the water.add to添加，增添（歡樂、困難等抽象名詞）do you have anything to

6、 add to the list?4. record v. 錄音ive recorded the whole concert.拓展：record n. 記錄 set the record創(chuàng)造記錄 break the record打破記錄 hold the record保持記錄5. decide on 決定、選定what made you decide on plan a?6. basic adj. 基礎(chǔ)的，基本的拓展：base basis (n.)基礎(chǔ) basic (adj.)基本的 basically (adv,)基本上7. here it is.以here和there開頭的句子，若后面的主

7、語為人稱代詞，主謂不倒裝；若后面的主語為名詞，主謂倒裝。here you are. 給你。here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。8. forget v. 忘記forget to do忘記要做某事（動作沒發(fā)生）i forget to turn off the light.forget doing忘記做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）i forget opening the door.9. look like 看上去像tom looks like his father.拓展：提問長相： what do/ dose sb. look like? 提問性格： what is sb. like?10

8、. appear v. 顯得，看來，似乎a woman suddenly appeared in the doorway.拓展：appear （to be）+ adj./ n. she appears (to be) happy at the news. appear to do sth. you appear to travel quite a lot.11. a little & a bit1) 兩者都可以作副詞用，用來修飾形容詞（原級或比較級），或動詞。 im a little/ bit hungry.2) 用作形容詞做定語時，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而a bit后面加of再加不

9、可數(shù)名詞。 theres a little water.= theres a bit of water.12. be ready to do sth. 已完成某事，準備好做某事the contract will be ready to sign in two weeks.拓展：be/ get ready for sth. 為做好準備 are you ready for your teast?13. as well as 并且，還。用來連接并列成分。連接并列主語時，謂語動詞與前一主語保持一致。she is clever as well as beautiful.14. how to do 疑問詞

10、+ to doi dont know how to do it.拓展：what to do做什么 where to go去哪里 why to do為什么做15. dont+ 動詞原形.否定祈使句，意為“不要，禁止” dont play jokes on me, will you?16. the same as 和一樣the twins look the same as each other.拓展：be different from 與不同 london was different from most european capitals.17. look 連系動詞，意為“看起來，看上去”，厚街形

11、容詞作表語。alice looks happy today.拓展：連系動詞還有：:be(是), look(看起來), feel(摸上去), seem(似乎是), appear(似乎、顯得), prove(證明是), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), sound(聽起來)等18. let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事在let引導的祈使句中，sb可以是名詞，也可以說代詞的賓格。 let him go.let是使役動詞，常用的使役動詞還有：make，have，leave等。 they made me repeat the story.19. a pair of+ 不可數(shù)名詞/

12、可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù) a pair of shoes20. look out= pay attention to 當心、注意look out！there is a car coming！拓展：look out of 向外看 she stopped writing and looked out of the window.21. pick up 撿起，拾起she pick up a flower on the road.拓展：pick up sth. 撿起某物，當sth.是人稱代詞的賓格時，放在pick之后，如：pick it up。當sth.是名詞時，可以放在pick up中間或up之后，如：pic

13、k the pen up= pick up the pen。22. in trouble 在困境中hes in trouble, lets help him.拓展：與trouble相關(guān)的短語：get into trouble惹上麻煩 have trouble（in）doing sth.做某事有困難23. success n. 成功i wish you success with your studies.拓展：succeed v. 成功。succeed in doing sth. successful adj. 成功的。 his business is successful.24. tell s

14、b sth. 告訴某人某事 he told me the reason.tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事 the teacher told him to clean the classroom.tell sb. not to do sth. 告訴某人不做某事 he told us not to buy clothes in this store.25. laugh at 嘲笑dont laugh at him, please.練習：1.whatdoyou_yourhometown?itisverybeautiful.iloveitverymuch.a. lookat b.

15、 talkabout c. thinkof d. thinkover2.wheniwasinthesupermarket,iforgot_moneywithme.a.totake b.totaking c. taking d. bringing3.couldyougivemesomeadvice?idontknow_.whydontyouwearthisredshirt?a.whentowearb.whattowear c.howtoweard.wheretowear4.mostofmyclassmatesdontliketotalktoteirparents,butiam_them.a.di

16、fferentfromb.surprisedat c. thesameasd. proudof5.wheresyourticket?show_,please. a.meit b.itme c.metoit d.ittome6.-tom,_readbookswhileyouarewalkinginthestreet.itsverydangerous.-ok,thankyou.a. dont b. doesnt c. wont d. cant7.he_apieceofwastepaper,andputitintotherubbishbag.a. pickedupb. threwawayc. loo

17、kedford. handedin8.itsureourfootballteamwill_thismatch.werethebest.a. winb. failc. losed. beat9.ourteacheroftentellsus_intheriver.itsdangerous.a. dontswimb. notswimc. nottoswimd. notswimming10.thankstotheinternet,differentkindsofinformation_inashorttime.a.canbelearnedb.hasbeenlearnedc.canlearnd.hasl

18、earned五、語法被動語態(tài)（2）一. 概念：表示動作與主語之間是被動關(guān)系的句子是被動語態(tài)。二. 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之間如何轉(zhuǎn)換 we visited that factory last summer 主動語態(tài)主語 謂語 賓語 狀語that factory was visited by us last summer 被動語態(tài) 主語 謂語 賓語 狀語三. 各種不同時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的對比時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時am / is / are + p.p.（1）do they speak french ?（2）they dont use the room .is french spoken

19、 by them?the room isnt used by them.一般過去時was / were + p.p.（1）the hunter killed a tiger .（2）he wrote many stories last year .a tiger was killed by the hunter.many stories was written by him last year.現(xiàn)在進行時am / is / are +being +p.p.(1)these workers are building a new bridge. （2）he is mending his car .

20、a new bridge is being built by these workers. his car is being mended by him .過去進行時was / were + being + p.p.(1)he was selling books .(2)they were discussing the plan at that time .books were being built by him . the plan was being discussed by them at that time .現(xiàn)在完成時have / has + been + p. p.(1)she

21、has learned many english words.(2)he has finished the work.many english words have been learned by her . the work has been finished by him . 過去完成時had + been + p.p.(1)they has solved the problem .(2)we had told him the news by then . the problem had been solved by them . the news had been told to him

22、 by us .一般將來時shall / will be + p.p.（1）i shall make a plan . (2)they are going to fix the radio in an hour.a plan will be made by me . the radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour. 過去將來時would be + p.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.（1）he told me they would paint the room . （2）they were going to put

23、 on a play the next week . he told me the room would be painted by them. a play was going to be put by them the next week.情態(tài)動詞can / may / must / should + be + p.p.（1）we should hand in our homework .（2）you must answer the question in english .our homework should be handed in by us.the question must b

24、e answered in english by you .四. 如何正確使用被動語態(tài)1. 有些動詞帶有兩個賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語，變被動語態(tài)時，可把其中一個賓語變成主語，另一個留在被動結(jié)構(gòu)謂語后面。需要注意的是：若把直接賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語，需要在間接賓語之間加上介詞“to”。eg. he often tells us interesting stories . （主動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)） 常帶雙賓語的詞有：tell , show , lend , pass等。2. 在主動語態(tài)中，某些動詞之后帶有復合賓語，即賓語和賓語補足語，這個復合賓語由動詞不定式來充當，to被省略，但在被動語態(tài)中，這

25、個to還要還原。eg. i often hear her sing this popular song . （主動語態(tài)） she is often heard to sing this popular song .（被動語態(tài)） 有這種用法的常用動詞有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。3. 有些“be +過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動語態(tài)，它們可能是“系表結(jié)構(gòu)（即系動詞之后由過去分詞來充當表語）。”2.比較：1. 4. 只有及物動詞和可有賓語的動詞+介詞詞組才可以有被動語態(tài)。eg： 五、不能用被動語態(tài)的情況1. 不及物動詞不能用于被動

26、語態(tài)，如：appear，rise，die，happen，break out，take place等2. 表狀態(tài)動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)，如：hold，have，cost，contain，become，look like等3. 某些動詞的進行時可表示被動，如：the meat is cooking. 肉正在煮著。4. 主動形式表示被動意義。1) 某些感官動詞和系動詞接形容詞可以表示被動意義，如：look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。 eg：her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.2) 動名詞的主動形式表被動語態(tài)，如：wan

27、t，deserve，need，require，take，worth等。the book is worth reading. 這本書值得讀。the children need looking after. 孩子們需要照顧。3) 某些做表語的形容詞后，用不定式主動形式表被動意義。the conversation is hard to understand. 這個對話很難理解。the fish is not easy to fish. 魚不容易上鉤。the passage is difficult to read. 這段文章很難讀懂。練習：1. the mobile phone has influe

28、nced peoples life a lot since it _.a. invents b. invented c. is invented d. was invented 2. this listening material, together with its cd-roms, _well.a. sellsb. sellc. is soldd. are sold3. the sports meeting _next month.a. will hold b. is going to hold c. will be held4. excuse me. im looking for be

29、the best of yourself. sorry. the book you ask for_ out.a. is selling b. is sold c. was selling d. will be sold5. annie _ to the party. she had a wonderful time with us. a. invites b. is invited c. was invited d. has invited6. many houses _ in the earthquake of april 20, 2013 in yaan.a. is destroyed

30、b. are destroyed c was destroyed d. were destroyed7. han hans books are popular. they _ by many teenagers.a. is read b. was read c. are read d. were read8. teenagers _allowed to drive.a. should not be b. should be not c. not should be9. at present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.

31、 more chances _ to students to learn from each other. a. offer b. are offered c. have offered d. are offering 10. i want to borrow the book, but i dont know how long it may _. for two weeks.a. keepb. be borrowedc. borrowd. be kept11. many trees _ on the streets every years. so the air is very fresh

32、now. a. plant b. are planted c. planted d. were planted12. didnt you see the sign no parking! on the right? sorry, i didnt. but now i know parking _ here.a. wasnt allowed b. isnt allowed c. wont allow d. doesnt allow13. from may 6, pedestrians(行人) _10 yuan if they run red lights, according to beijin

33、g traffic authorities. a. will fine b. were fined c. are fine d. will be fined14.what languages _ in that country? german and englisha. are speaking b. are spoken c. speak d. is spoken15. a year has four seasons and it _ twelve different star signs. a. divided into b. is dividing into c. divided int

34、o d is divided into16. the child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. a. is taken b. are taken c. take d. takes 17. clark, your room is really in a mess. it needs _ sorry, mum. ill do it at once. a. clean b. cleaned c. to clean d. to be cleaned18. “frog”， mo yans la

35、test novel, please! sorry, it _ just now. but it will come out again soon.a. sold out b. is sold out c. has sold out d. was sold out19. do you know earth day? sure. it in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet.a. sets upb. set upc. is set upd. was set up20a lot of trees _around here every year，and we

36、 can enjoy fresher air nowawere planted bare planted cwill plant da能力提升。1. what do you _ your hometown? it is very beautiful. i love it very much. a. look at b. talk about c. think of d. think over 2. when i was in the supermarket, i forgot _ money with me. a.to take b.to taking c. taking d. bringin

37、g 3. could you give me some advice? i dont know _.why dont you wear this red shirt?a. when to wear b. what to wear c. how to wear d. where to wear4. most of my classmates dont like to talk to teir parents, but i am _ them. a. different from b. surprised at c. the same as d. proud of 5. wheres your t

38、icket? show _ , please. a.me it b.it me c.me to it d.it to me 6. -tom, _ read books while you are walking in the street. its very dangerous. -ok, thank you. a. dont b. doesnt c. wont d. cant7. he _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. a. picked up b. threw away c. looked for d. h

39、anded in8. im sure our football team will _ this match. were the best. a. win b. fail c. lose d. beat9. our teacher often tells us _ in the river. its dangerous. a. dont swim b. not swim c. not to swim d. not swimming10. thanks to the internet, different kinds of information _ in a short time. a. ca

40、n be learned b. has been learned c. can learn d. has learned unit 4 cartoons and comic strips 1.comic strip 連環(huán)漫畫2.pop out 張大，睜大3.decide on 決定4.video camera 攝像機5.play against 同比賽6.weather forecast 天氣預報7.thank goodness 謝天謝地8.make it 獲得成功9.think of 考慮，想起，記得 what do you think of .？ 10.have a good idea 有

41、個好主意11.think about 思考，考慮12.add.to.把添加到13.sound effects 音響效果14.at the underground station 在地鐵站15.look like 看上去像16.put.together 把放在一起17.the same as 與相同18.be different from 與不同19.a pair of 一雙20.at the top of 在頂部21.look out=take care=be careful 當心22.pick up 撿起23.in trouble 在困境中重點詞匯：1.appear+(to be )+adj

42、. she appears (to be) happy at the news. 她聽到這個消息時顯得很開心。appear+to do sth you appear to travel quite a lot. 你好像走過很多地方。2. a bit of = a little 3.be ready to do sth. be/get ready for sth. 4.the same as和一樣 be different from 和不同5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel連系動詞后接形容詞作表語。6.in trouble 在困境中 have trouble with s

43、b./sth.某人/某物有毛病 get into trouble 惹上麻煩 have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻煩 take the trouble to do sth. 費力做某事7.succeed in doing 做成某事8.laugh at sb.嘲笑某人9.tell sb sth. 告訴某人某事 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人做某事10.be used to do 被用來做 used to do 過去常常做 be used to doing 習慣于做含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：should be 應該should not be 不

44、應該must be 必須must not be 一定不能can be 可以can not be 不可以現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：主語+have/has been + 過去分詞after everything has been checked, it is ready to be played for everyone to enjoy. the cartoon characters have been drawn carefully by the artists. 能力提升。1. what do you _ your hometown? it is very beautiful. i love i

45、t very much. a.look at b.talk about c.think of d.think over 2. when i was in the supermarke, i forgot _ money with me. a.to take b.to taking c.taking d.bringing 3. could you give me some advice? i dont know _.why dont you wear this red shirt?a.when to wear b.what to wear c.how to wear d.where to wea

46、r4. most of my classmates dont like to talk to teir parents, but i am _ them. a.different from b.surprised at c.the same as d.proud of 5. wheres your ticket? show _ , please. a.me it b.it me c.me to it d.it to me 6. -tom, _ read books while you are walking in the street. its very dangerous. -ok, tha

47、nk you. a.dont b.doesnt c.wont d.cant7. he _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. a.picked up b.threw away c.looked for d.handed in8. it sure our football team will _ this match.were the best. a.win b.fail c.lose d.beat9. our teacher often tells us _ in the river. its dangerous.

48、a.dont swim b.not swim c.not to swim d.not swimming10. thanks to the internet, different kinds of information _ in a short time. a.can be learned b.has been learned c.can learn d.has learned unit4 cartoons and comic strips詞匯26. character：n. 人物、角色yue fei is a great historical character.27. think of 考

49、慮、思考im thinking of going to paris for vacation.拓展：think of：想起、記起 i cant think of his name. think of：對有某種看法，常用于“what do you think of”句型中 what do you think of the book？28. add to& add toad to把加到上please add some salt to the water.add to添加，增添（歡樂、困難等抽象名詞）do you have anything to add to the list?29. record

50、 v. 錄音ive recorded the whole concert.拓展：record n. 記錄 set the record創(chuàng)造記錄 break the record打破記錄 hold the record保持記錄30. decide on 決定、選定what made you decide on plan a?31. basic adj. 基礎(chǔ)的，基本的拓展：base basis (n.)基礎(chǔ) basic (adj.)基本的 basically (adv,)基本上32. here it is.以here和there開頭的句子，若后面的主語為人稱代詞，主謂不倒裝；若后面的主語為名詞，

51、主謂倒裝。here you are. 給你。here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。33. forget v. 忘記forget to do忘記要做某事（動作沒發(fā)生）i forget to turn off the light.forget doing忘記做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）i forget opening the door.34. look like 看上去像tom looks like his father.拓展：提問長相： what do/ dose sb. look like? 提問性格： what is sb. like?35. appear v. 顯得，看來，似乎a woman suddenly appeared in the doorway.拓展：appear （to be）+ adj./ n. she appears (to be) happy at the news. appear to do sth. you appear to travel quite a lot.36. a little& a bit1) 兩者都可以作副詞用，用來修飾形容詞（原級或比較級），或動詞。 im a little/ bit hungry.2) 用作形容詞做定語時，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而a bit后面加of再加不可數(shù)名詞。 ther