2018年高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)精講三(動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、2018高考英語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)精講精練在高考英語中，動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是重中之重，試題在考查固定句式中的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的同時，注重在上下文語境中考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。要了解幾種時態(tài)的一些常規(guī)規(guī)則，答題時要研讀題干，搜索出盡可能多的“時間參照信息”，尤其要注意時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)情況。時態(tài)主動語態(tài)形式被動語態(tài)形式一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are/do/doesam/is/are done一般過去時 was/were/didwas/were done現(xiàn)在完成時has/have donehas/have been done現(xiàn)在完成進行時has/have been doing/現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are doingam/is

2、/are being done過去進行時was/were doingwas/were being done過去完成時had donehad been done將來完成時will/shall have donewill /shall have been done一般將來時will /shall doam/is/are going to doam/is/are coming/leavingam/is/are to doam/is/are about to dowill /shall be doneam/is/are to be done過去將來時would dowas going to dowas

3、 coming/leavingwas to dowas about to dowould be donewas/were to be done將來進行時will /shall be doing/考點一般現(xiàn)在時 一般現(xiàn)在時表示動作的經(jīng)常性或真理；表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞；在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來；表示預(yù)計或規(guī)定；方位副詞或介詞短語放在句首，主語是名詞，且全部倒裝時，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作；還可使用于文學(xué)作品和文學(xué)評論中。練一練：用所給詞的適當形式填空：Ill go there after I _(finish) my work.The

4、 water will be further polluted unless some measures _(take)My train _(leave) at 6：30.A snow _(expect) to come next week.Here _(come) the bus.This kind of cloth _(wash) well.Dont take it away. It _(belong) to me.He said water_(boil) at 100 .考點一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時 一般過去時(標志詞：yesterday，just now，last year，the ot

5、her day等)表示動作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在完成時(標志詞：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so farup to nowup until nowby now，already，yet，several/many/.times)則強調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，動作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)。請區(qū)別下列幾組句子：He has lived in London for three years.(現(xiàn)在還住在倫敦)He lived in London for three years.(現(xiàn)在不在倫敦了)Its /has been

6、two years since he smoked.(他不抽煙已兩年了)Its/has been two years since he began to smoke.(他抽煙已有兩年了)This is the first/second/.time (that) I have_visited the school.This was the first/second/.time I had_visited the school. He was writing a book last year.(去年他在寫一本書)He wrote a book last year.(去年他寫了一本書)I thoug

7、ht he was an American.(我原以為他是美國人)I think he is an American.(我想他是美國人)練一練：用所給詞的適當形式填空：I havent seen you for ages. Havent you graduated from college?Yes. I_(study) English for four years in Nanjing University.Where _ you_(put) my book? I cant find it anywhere.Although he has lived with us for years，he

8、_(not leave) us much impression by now.My brother is an actor. He _(appear) in several films in the past few years.Li Pin may not come tonight.But he _(promise) the other day考點過去完成時和將來完成時 過去完成時表示一件事情發(fā)生在過去，而另一件事情先于它發(fā)生(即表示“過去的過去”)。常用的時間狀語有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，har

9、dly/scarcely/rarely.when.和no sooner.than.注表示原打算做但未做的幾種表達：I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/. to do.，but.I hoped/expected/. to have done.，but.I would like/love to have done.，but.將來完成時表示到將來某一時間，某一動作將會完成，常用的時間狀語為“by將來的某個時間”。如：They will have completed the project by the end of next year.練一練：用所給詞的適當形式填

10、空：Helen _(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _(come) home.I _(hope) to meet Mr. Thompson this morning，but I found nobody left in the room.By the time he _(return) home，the work had been finished.By the time he returns home，the work _(finish)We plan to reach the North

11、Pole in midJuly，and by then we _(walk) for six weeks.考點現(xiàn)在進行時，過去進行時，現(xiàn)在完成進行時和將來進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的情況，計劃、安排要做的事，還可以表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作，往往含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情緒，常與always，continually，constantly連用；過去進行時表示過去某一刻或一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作，還可以表示過去的將來動作；現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作的未完成性和暫時性，還可以表示感情色彩；將來進行時表示將來某個時候或某段時間正在進行的動作。練一練：用所給詞的適當形式填空：Have you moved in

12、to the new house?Not yet. The rooms _(paint)My father _(fall) while he _(ride) his bicycle and _(hurt) himself.Why are her eyes red? She _(cry)He _(fly) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.You _ always _(watch) TV. Why not do something more active?Did you find the missing couple in the mountain

13、yesterday?No，but we _(try) to get in touch with them ever since.考點一般將來時 注意區(qū)別will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do：will do表示事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢，此外，還表示臨時決定；be going to do表示計劃、打算要做某事，還表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象，對未來進行推斷；be about to do表示立即的將來，因此，不與表示將來的具體時間狀語連用；有些動詞如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時亦可表示

14、按計劃或安排將來要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；be to do表示按計劃或安排要做的事，意為“應(yīng)該；想，打算；注定會”,可以用在if引導(dǎo)的句子里。練一練：用所給詞的適當形式填空：Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your safety belt. The plane_(take) off.Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 _(take) off at 18：20.If you _(succeed)，you should work hard.Look at the dark clouds. It _(rain)The light is

15、 still on. Sorry. I _(go) and turn it off.考點get過去分詞 “get過去分詞”可以表示被動，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。練一練：用所給詞的適當形式填空：The patient _(treat) once a week.He fell off the building and _(kill)考點主動形式表示被動意義 需用主動形式表示被動意義的情況：當系動詞feel，look，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay等后面接形容詞時；當cut，read，sell，wear，write 等詞有狀語easily，well等修飾時；meas

16、ure，weigh，add up to后接數(shù)字時；在“be形容詞to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動形式表示被動意義。如：The problem is easy to solve.need，want，require，deserve后接動名詞主動形式，相當于to be done。如：The watch needs repairing. He deserves praising.be worth后接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義。如：The book is well worth buying.固定短語be to blame，be to let(出租）。練一練：The water _ c

17、ool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A. was felt B. was to feel C. felt D. was to be feltI feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blameDoctors and medical supplies need _ to the scene of the accident soon a

18、fter the coal mine explosion.A. to send B. sent C. to have been sent D. sendingWhy did you leave that position?I_ a better position at IBM.A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offeredHow do you like the movie?It has been inspiring me . I think its worth _.A. To watch B. to be watched C. watching

19、 D. being watchedI want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.A. have told；washes B. have been told；washesC. was told；was washed D. have been told；is washed考點感官動詞和使役動詞的被動語態(tài) 感官動詞和使役動詞的賓補是動詞原形，改成被動語態(tài)時要加to。練一練：將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)：I saw him fall down. He was seen_I made him wash the dishes. He

20、was made_考點“據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/”的表達 Somebody is(was)said/reported/believed/thought/known to.意為“據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/大家認為/眾所周之/人們認為”。此時，動詞不定式有三種形式，即to do, to be doing和to have done。到底用哪種形式，可用下面的方法來辨別：把不定式的動作發(fā)生的時間和謂語的動作發(fā)生的時間相比較：動詞不定式動作先于謂語動作發(fā)生：用to have done；動詞不定式動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生：用to be doing；動詞不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之后或同為經(jīng)常性：用to do。練一練：The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday.