非常好的二輪語(yǔ)法的非謂語(yǔ)

1、二輪語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)重中之重-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【考向聚焦】 2015年高考非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞將繼續(xù)是考查的核心?！扒榫盎焙汀敖嵌榷鄻釉挕睂⒏用黠@。主要體現(xiàn)在四個(gè)方面：1.分詞作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)；2.不定式作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的考查力度仍將增加；3.作某一句子成分時(shí)的特殊情況及特殊結(jié)構(gòu)也應(yīng)加以關(guān)注；4.將加大考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法的力度。在解非謂語(yǔ)習(xí)題時(shí)同學(xué)們遇到最大的困難有兩個(gè)：一是如何判別是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；二是如何選用哪一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及其恰當(dāng)?shù)男问?。謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)的比較：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。漢語(yǔ)中幾個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用而動(dòng)詞不用作任何形式的變化。如：他明天來(lái)拜訪你。翻譯成英語(yǔ)不是He will come v

2、isit you，而是He will come to visit you.這里就用了不定式to visit。因此同學(xué)們要特別注意弄清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand 分析：stood是與sat并列的謂語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)1不定式作狀語(yǔ)(1)表目的: 作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常也是全句的主語(yǔ)，往往譯作“為了，想要”。She reads China Daily every day to impr

3、ove her English.為了提高英語(yǔ)她每天讀中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)。(2)表結(jié)果: 不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動(dòng)詞不定式前面常加only。George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.喬治戰(zhàn)后回來(lái)，卻被告知他妻子已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了他。(3)表原因:這種原因狀語(yǔ)往往跟在表示“高興、愉快、生氣、遺憾”等形容詞之后，說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情感的原因。I felt very honored to be included in the team.加入這個(gè)球隊(duì)我感到非常榮幸。2動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作是由

4、句子主語(yǔ)執(zhí)行的，它們之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一般式、被動(dòng)式、完成式和完成被動(dòng)式四種形式，每一種形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not構(gòu)成一般式表示主動(dòng)的一般性的動(dòng)作或者正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；被動(dòng)式表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；完成被動(dòng)式表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。Hearing the news, they got excited. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們很興奮。They entered the cinema，talking and laughing.他們說(shuō)笑著進(jìn)了電影院。Having finished my homework，I went to be

5、d.做完家庭作業(yè)，我就上床睡覺(jué)了。3動(dòng)詞ed形式作狀語(yǔ)(1)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與句子主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步等。此時(shí)過(guò)去分詞可與一些連詞if，when，though，once等連用。Used with care，one tin will last for six weeks. 如果用得仔細(xì)的話，一罐可以夠用六周。Praised by the teacher，he felt very happy.受到老師表?yè)P(yáng)，他很高興。(2)某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，此時(shí)這些過(guò)去分詞表示一種狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：lost (迷路的)，seated (坐)，lost/absorbed in

6、 (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿著)，tired of (感到厭倦)，faced with (面對(duì)) 等。Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.專心于讀書(shū)，他沒(méi)注意到我進(jìn)入房間。 名師指津作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，是用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過(guò)去分詞，取決于該動(dòng)詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。如果是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，一般用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，一般用過(guò)去分詞。Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.從山頂上看，這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語(yǔ)t

7、he park之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系) Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語(yǔ)we之間存在主謂關(guān)系) 考點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)(1) 不定式作定語(yǔ)，通常置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，與所修飾的詞之間可構(gòu)成主謂、動(dòng)賓。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)She likes to l

8、isten to Mr. Lis lessons, so she is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主謂關(guān)系)她喜歡聽(tīng)李先生的課，因此她總是第一個(gè)到，最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)。名師指津下列詞語(yǔ)后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。(2)不定式與被修飾詞之間有同位關(guān)系。此類名詞有chance，ability等。The ability to express an

9、idea is as important as the idea itself.表達(dá)思想的能力和思想本身一樣重要。 名師指津不定式一般式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(to do) 作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。不定式一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(to be done) 作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我們被邀請(qǐng)參加下星期五在我們俱樂(lè)部舉辦的晚會(huì)。2動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞ing形式的主動(dòng)式(doing) 作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。Last night, t

10、here were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨晚有成百萬(wàn)的人看電視上直播的開(kāi)幕式。(2)動(dòng)詞ing形式的一般被動(dòng)式(being done) 作定語(yǔ)與所修飾名詞之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的那些房子是給老師們的。(3)動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常性狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行。單個(gè)詞要前置，短語(yǔ)要后置。John has really got the job because he

11、 showed me the official letter offering him it.(定語(yǔ)從句John.the official letter which/that offers him it.) 約翰的確得到了這份工作，因?yàn)樗o我看了提供他工作的正式信函。3動(dòng)詞ed形式作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ed形式(短語(yǔ)) 作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，并表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。Tsinghua University，founded in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.建于1911年的清華大學(xué)是無(wú)數(shù)杰出人物的搖籃。考點(diǎn)

12、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在主謂關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行中的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作?？梢詭в羞@種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 聽(tīng)！你聽(tīng)到有人正在呼救嗎？2動(dòng)詞ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Lucy has a great sense of humo

13、r and always keeps her colleagues amused with her stories.露西很有幽默感，總是講故事讓她的同事消遣。The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed after great effort.在做出巨大努力之后，看到很多新產(chǎn)品被研發(fā)出來(lái)，經(jīng)理很滿意。3have，get表示“使、讓、叫”，后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)(1)have/get sth done使/讓某事由別人去做Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medi

14、cal circles. Alexander試圖使他的工作被醫(yī)學(xué)界認(rèn)可。(2)He had us laughing all through the meal.整頓飯下來(lái)他讓我們笑個(gè)不停。名師指津have sb doing用于否定句時(shí)，其中have有“容忍”之意。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允許你和你父親那樣講話。(3)使/讓/叫某人去做某事Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.媽媽讓我去商店買些食鹽。名師指津have sth to do表示“有事情要做”，此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定

15、式是作定語(yǔ)。Im sorry，I cant go out with you. I have an urgent thing to settle.對(duì)不起，我不能與你一起外出，我有一件緊急的事情要處理。考點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)1動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的、泛指的動(dòng)作，尤其是一般行為傾向。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞ing后置。常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：Its no use/no good/useless doing sth。Its not easy to learn English well. Reading as much as possible is nec

16、essary.學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不容易。廣泛閱讀是有必要的。It is no good learning without practice.學(xué)而不用無(wú)益。2動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式在句中作主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞或代詞的作用，往往用形式主語(yǔ)it代替。Its not easy for him to understand what the teacher says.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)聽(tīng)懂老師講的并不容易。3動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)(1)常接動(dòng)詞ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)) advise (建議)，admit (承認(rèn))，appreciate (感激)，avoid (避免)，cant help (禁不住)，consider (考慮)，d

17、elay (推遲)，enjoy (欣賞)，escape (逃脫)，finish (完成)，imagine (想象)，keep (on) (繼續(xù))，mind (介意)，practise (練習(xí))，suggest (建議)，miss (錯(cuò)過(guò))，cant stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote.to, object to, be busy(in), get down to, have difficulty/trouble(in), have a good/wonderful/har

18、d time(in), have fun,feel like (意欲)，devote.to (把獻(xiàn)給)，get used to (習(xí)慣于)，look forward to (期望)，object to (反對(duì))，set about (開(kāi)始)，put off (推遲) 等。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.比爾建議開(kāi)一個(gè)關(guān)于假期期間為上海世博會(huì)做些什么的會(huì)議。(2)可用動(dòng)詞ing，也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義區(qū)別明顯的動(dòng)詞。mean forgetregre

19、ttrygo on rememberI still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍記得別人帶我去過(guò)法門寺，并記得在那里所看到的一切。(3)動(dòng)詞want，need，require意為“需要”時(shí)，后面跟動(dòng)詞ing主動(dòng)式或動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)區(qū)別不大。The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered. 這些花需要澆水4動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)(1)afford，agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，manag

20、e，promise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish等動(dòng)詞后要接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我們說(shuō)好在這兒會(huì)面的，但她到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)露面呢。(2)come，get，grow后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“逐漸地”。She has a hot temper，but you will grow to like her.她脾氣很急，但你會(huì)漸漸喜歡她的。名師指津動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義1在“be表示特征性質(zhì)的形容詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中。該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：easy, hard,

21、 difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous, cheap, fit, heavy, happy, glad, pleasant, sorry, lucky, surprised, angry, able, right, ready, clever, foolish, quick, slow, polite, wrong 等。這類形容詞往往說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種特性或情緒的原因。要注意不定式當(dāng)中動(dòng)詞要用主動(dòng)式，且是及物動(dòng)詞或是“不及物動(dòng)詞介詞”的形式。He is e

22、asy to get along with. 他很容易相處。2不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用時(shí)。I dont know what to do.我不知道做什么。3某些動(dòng)詞(如blame/seek/let等)的不定式與be動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)。He is to blame for the accident.他應(yīng)為此次事故負(fù)責(zé)任?？键c(diǎn)5獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與句子主語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有句法上的聯(lián)系，但與句子的意義是緊密相關(guān)的。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在下列情況中構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：1名詞/代詞不定式/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞Nobody to come here the day after tomorrow, they will have to put off the meeting till next week.如果后天沒(méi)有人來(lái)，他們就把會(huì)議推遲到下周。Weather permitting, well go out.如果天氣允許的話，我們就出去。He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.他躺下來(lái)，雙手交叉著放在頭下面。The lecture having been given， a