法律英語(yǔ)詞匯精選

1、法律淵源 source of law制定法 statute判例法 case law; precedent普通法 common law特別法 special law固有法 native law; indigenous law繼受法 adopted law實(shí)體法 substantial law程序法 procedural law原則法 fundamental law例外法 exception law司法解釋 judicial interpretation習(xí)慣法 customary law公序良俗 public order and moral自然法 natural law羅馬法 Roman Law私

2、法 private law公法 public law市民法 jus civile萬(wàn)民法 jus gentium民法法系 civil law system英美法系 system of Anglo-American law大陸法系 civil law system普通法 common law大陸法 continental law羅馬法系 Roman law system衡平法 equity; law of equity日爾曼法 Germantic law教會(huì)法 ecclesiastical law寺院法 canon law伊斯蘭法 Islamic law民法法律規(guī)范 norm of civil l

3、aw授權(quán)規(guī)范 authorization norm禁止規(guī)范 forbidding norm義務(wù)性規(guī)范 obligatory norm命令性規(guī)范 commanding norm民法基本原則 fundamental principles of civil law平等原則 principle of equality自愿原則 principle of free will公平原則 principle of justice等價(jià)有償原則 principle of equal value exchange誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則 principle of good faith行為 act作為 ac不作為 omission

4、合法行為 lawful act違法行為 unlawful act民事權(quán)利權(quán)利能力 civil right絕對(duì)權(quán) absolute right相對(duì)權(quán) relative right優(yōu)先權(quán) right of priority先買權(quán) preemption原權(quán) antecedent right救濟(jì)權(quán) right of relief支配權(quán) right of dominion請(qǐng)求權(quán) right of claim物上請(qǐng)求權(quán) right of claim for real thing形成權(quán) right of formation撤銷權(quán) right of claiming cancellation否認(rèn)權(quán) right

5、 of claiming cancellation解除權(quán) right of renouncement代位權(quán) subrogated right選擇權(quán) right of choice承認(rèn)權(quán) right of admission終止權(quán) right of termination抗辯權(quán) right of defense一時(shí)性抗辯權(quán) momentary right of defense永久性抗辯權(quán) permanent counter-argument right不安抗辯權(quán) unstable counter-argument right同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán) defense right of simultaneou

6、s performance既得權(quán) tested right期待權(quán) expectant right專屬權(quán) exclusive right非專屬權(quán) non-exclusive right人身權(quán)利 personal right人權(quán) human right人格權(quán) right of personality生命健康權(quán) right of life and health姓名權(quán) right of name名稱權(quán) right of name肖像權(quán) right of portraiture自由權(quán) right of freedom名譽(yù)權(quán) right reputation隱私權(quán) right of privacy私生活秘

7、密權(quán) right of privacy貞操權(quán) virginity right身份權(quán) right of status親權(quán) parental power; parental right親屬權(quán) right of relative探視權(quán) visitation right配偶權(quán) right of spouse榮譽(yù)權(quán) right of honor權(quán)利的保護(hù) protection of right公力救濟(jì) public protection私力救濟(jì) self-protection權(quán)利本位 standard of right社會(huì)本位 standard of society無(wú)責(zé)任行為 irresponsible

8、 right正當(dāng)防衛(wèi) justifiable right; ligitimate defence防衛(wèi)行為 act of defence自為行為 self-conducting act緊急避險(xiǎn) act of rescue; necessity自助行為 act of self-help不可抗力 force majeure意外事件 accident行為能力 capacity for act意思能力 capacity of will民事行為 civil act意思表示 declaration of intention意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus完全行為能力 pe

9、rfect capacity for act限制行為能力 restrictive capacity for act準(zhǔn)禁治產(chǎn)人 quasi-interdicted person保佐 protection自治產(chǎn)人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity無(wú)行為能力 incapacity for act禁治產(chǎn)人 interdicted person自然人 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile居所 residence經(jīng)常居住地 frequently dwelling place戶籍 census re

10、gister監(jiān)護(hù) guardianship個(gè)體工商戶 individual business農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營(yíng)戶 leaseholding rural household合伙 partnership合伙人 partner合伙協(xié)議 partnership agreement合伙財(cái)產(chǎn) property of partnership合伙債務(wù) debt of partnership入伙 join partnership退伙 withdrawal from partnership合伙企業(yè) partnership business establishment個(gè)人合伙 partnership法人合伙 partne

11、rship of legal person特別合伙 special partnership普通合伙 general partnership有限合伙 limited partnership民事合伙 civil partnership隱名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私營(yíng)企業(yè) private enterprise; proprietorship法人 legal person企業(yè)法人 legal body of enterprise企業(yè)集團(tuán) group of enterprise關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè) affiliate enterprise個(gè)人獨(dú)資企業(yè)

12、individual business establishment國(guó)有獨(dú)資企業(yè) solely state-owned enterprise中外合資企業(yè) Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企業(yè) Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社團(tuán)法人 legal body of mass organization財(cái)團(tuán)法人 legal body of financial group聯(lián)營(yíng) joint venture法人型聯(lián)營(yíng) association of legal persons合伙型聯(lián)營(yíng) coordinated managem

13、ent in partnership協(xié)作型聯(lián)營(yíng) cooperation-type coordinated management合作社 cooperative民事法律行為 civil legal act單方民事法律行為 unilateral civil legal act雙方民事法律行為 bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行為 joint act civil legal act有償民事法律行為 civil legal act with consideration無(wú)償民事法律行為 civil legal act without consideration; civil

14、legal act without award實(shí)踐性民事法律行為 practical civil legal act法律翻譯公司諾成性民事法律行為 consental civil legal act要式民事法律行為 formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行為 informal civil legal act要因民事法律行為 causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行為 noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行為 principal civil legal act從民事法律行為 accessory civil legal a

15、ct附條件民事法律行為 conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行為 civil legal act with term生前民事法律行為 civil legal act before death死后民事法律行為 civil legal act after death準(zhǔn)民事法律行為 quasi-civil legal act無(wú)效行為 ineffective act可撤銷民事行為 revocable civil act違法行為 illegal act; unlawful act侵權(quán)行為 tort欺詐 fraud脅迫 duress乘人之危 taking advantage

16、 of others precarious position以合法形式掩蓋非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention惡意串通 malicious collaboration重大誤解 gross misunderstanding顯失公平 obvious unjust誤傳 misrepresentation代理 agency本人 principal被代理人 principal受托人 trustee代理人 agent本代理人 original agent法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人 agent by ma

17、ndate指定代理人 designated agent復(fù)代理人 subagent再代理人 subagent轉(zhuǎn)代理人 subagent代理權(quán) right of agency授權(quán)行為 act of authorization授權(quán)委托書(shū) power of attorney代理行為 act of agency委托代理 agency by mandate本代理 original agency復(fù)代理 subagency次代理 subagency有權(quán)代理 authorized agency表見(jiàn)代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency律師代理 agency by lawye

18、r普通代理 general agency全權(quán)代理 general agency全權(quán)代理委托書(shū) general power of attorney共同代理 joint agency獨(dú)家代理 sole agency居間 brokerage居間人 broker行紀(jì) commission; broker house信托 trust時(shí)效 time limit; prescription; limitation時(shí)效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation時(shí)效中斷 interruption of limitation/prescription時(shí)效延長(zhǎng) extensio

19、n of limitation取得時(shí)效 acquisitive prescription時(shí)效終止 lapse of time; termination of prescription期日 date期間 term涉外民事關(guān)系 civil relations with foreign elements沖突規(guī)范 rule of conflict準(zhǔn)據(jù)法 applicable law; governing law反致 renvoi; remission轉(zhuǎn)致 transmission識(shí)別 identification公共秩序保留 reserve of public order法律規(guī)避 evasion of

20、 law國(guó)籍 nationality國(guó)有化 nationalization法律責(zé)任 legal liability民事責(zé)任 civil liability/responsibility行政責(zé)任 administrative liability/responsibility刑事責(zé)任 criminal liability/responsibility違約責(zé)任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default有限責(zé)任 limited liability無(wú)限責(zé)任 unlimited liability按份責(zé)任 shared/sever

21、al liability連帶責(zé)任 joint and several liability過(guò)失責(zé)任 liability for negligence; negligent liability過(guò)錯(cuò)責(zé)任 fault liability; liability for fault單獨(dú)過(guò)錯(cuò) sole fault共同過(guò)錯(cuò) joint fault混合過(guò)錯(cuò) mixed fault被害人過(guò)錯(cuò) victims fault第三人過(guò)錯(cuò) third partys fault推定過(guò)錯(cuò) presumptive fault惡意 bad faith; malice故意 deliberate intention; intentio

22、n; willfulness過(guò)失 negligence重大過(guò)失 gross negligence疏忽大意的過(guò)失 careless and inadvertent negligence過(guò)于自信的過(guò)失 negligence with undue assumption損害事實(shí) facts of damage有形損失 tangible damage/loss無(wú)形損失 intangible damage/loss財(cái)產(chǎn)損失 property damage/loss人身?yè)p失 personal damage/loss精神損失 spiritual damage/loss民事責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式 methods of b

23、earing civil liability停止侵害 cease the infringing act排除妨礙 exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危險(xiǎn) elimination of danger返還財(cái)產(chǎn) restitution of property恢復(fù)原狀 restitution; restitution of original state賠償損失 compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付違約金 payment of liquidated damage消除影響 eliminate ill

24、 effects恢復(fù)名譽(yù) rehabilitate ones reputation賠禮道歉 extend a formal apology物權(quán) jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物權(quán)制度 real right system; right in rem system一物一權(quán)原則 the principal of One thing, One Right物權(quán)法定主義 principal of legality of right in rem物權(quán)公示原則 principal of public summons of right in rem物權(quán)法 jus rer

25、em物 property生產(chǎn)資料 raw material for production生活資料 means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物 res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物 limited merchantable thing禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce資產(chǎn) asset固定資產(chǎn) fixed asset流動(dòng)資產(chǎn) current asset; floating asset動(dòng)產(chǎn) movables; chattel不動(dòng)產(chǎn) imm

26、ovable; real estate特定物 res certae; a certain thing種類物 genus; indefinite thing可分物 res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物 res capitalis; a principal thing從物 res accessoria; an accessory thing原物 original thing孳息 fruits天然孳息 natural fruits法定孳息 legal fruits無(wú)主物 bona v

27、acatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods遺失物 lost property漂流物 drifting object埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property貨幣 currency證券 securities債券 bond物權(quán)分類 classification of right in rem/real right自物權(quán) jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有權(quán) dominium; ownership; title所有權(quán)憑證 document of title; title of ownership占有權(quán)

28、 dominium utile; equitable ownership使用權(quán) right of use; right to use of收益權(quán) right to earnings; right to yields處分權(quán) right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有 possession in good faith惡意占有 malicious possession按份共有 several possession共同共有 joint possession他物權(quán) jus in re aliena用益物權(quán) real right for usufruct使用權(quán) right

29、 to use; right of use土地使用權(quán) right to the use of land林權(quán) forest ownership采礦權(quán) mining ownership經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán) managerial authority; power of management承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán) right to contracted management相鄰權(quán) neighboring right; relatedright地上權(quán) superficies永佃權(quán) jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a c

30、ontract地役權(quán) servitude; easement人役權(quán) servitus personarum; personal servitude擔(dān)保物權(quán) real right for security物的擔(dān)保 security for thing物的瑕疵擔(dān)保 warranty against defect of a thing抵押權(quán) hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押權(quán)的設(shè)定 creation of right to mortgage抵押人 mortgagor抵押權(quán)人 mortgagee抵押標(biāo)的物 collateral; estate

31、under mortgage抵押權(quán)的效力 deffect of right to mortgage抵押權(quán)的次序 sequence of right to mortgage抵押權(quán)的拋棄 abandonment of right to mortgage抵押權(quán)的讓與 alienation of right to mortgage抵押權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn) materialization of right to mortgage抵押權(quán)的消滅 extinction of right tomortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登記 registration of

32、 estate under mortgage抵押優(yōu)先權(quán) priority of mortgage留置權(quán) lien一般留置權(quán) general lien特別留置權(quán) special lien質(zhì)權(quán) hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃權(quán) tenant right債權(quán) jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditors right債權(quán)人 creditor債務(wù)人 debtor相對(duì)人 counterpart; offeree給付 give; pay債務(wù) debt; liability; obligatio

33、n債務(wù)的償還 payment of debt債務(wù)的償清 discharge of debt債務(wù)的擔(dān)保 guarantee of debt債務(wù)的合并 consolidation of debt債務(wù)的給付日期 debt maturity債務(wù)的免除 exemption of debt債的分類 obligatio; obligation法定之債 legal obligation任意之債 voluntary obligation簡(jiǎn)單之債simple obligation選擇之債 alternative obligation主債 prime/principal obligation從債 accessory

34、 obligation單一之債 single obligation按份之債 several obligation連帶之債 joint obligation特定之債 certain obligation種類之債 indefinite obligation合同之債 contractual obligation侵權(quán)行為之債 tort obligation損害賠償之債 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages人身?yè)p害 damage to person精神損害 moral/mental/spiritual damage醫(yī)藥費(fèi)

35、 hospital treatment expense醫(yī)療費(fèi) medical charge撫恤金 pension慰問(wèn)金 consolation money產(chǎn)品瑕疵 defect of product不當(dāng)?shù)美?unjust enrichment無(wú)因管理 voluntary service債的擔(dān)保 guarantee of obligation財(cái)產(chǎn)擔(dān)保 property guarantee信用擔(dān)保 credit guarantee讓與擔(dān)保 alienation guarantee保證 guaranty明示保證 express guaranty默示保證implied guaranty保證人 guar

36、antor保證合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship保證金 guaranty bond; security deposit押金 deposit; foregift預(yù)付款 advanced payment定金 earnest money; deposit違約金 liquidated damages法定違約金 liquidated damages by law約定違約金 liquidated damages by agreement債的履行 performance of obligation實(shí)際履行原則 doctrine of specific performance

37、情事變更原則 doctrine of change of circumstances不當(dāng)履行 misfeasance清償 discharge; satisfaction提存 debtors submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵銷 setoff知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)國(guó)際保護(hù) international protection of intellectual property國(guó)民待遇原則 doctrine of national treatment優(yōu)先權(quán)原則

38、a right of priority doctrine自動(dòng)保護(hù)原則 doctrine of automatic protection特許權(quán)使用費(fèi) royalties智力成果 intellectual property著作權(quán) copyright版權(quán) copyright著作權(quán)人 copyright owner創(chuàng)作 creation作品 opus; product; work著作人格權(quán) right of personality of copyright發(fā)表權(quán) right of publication署名權(quán) right of authorship; right of paternity修改權(quán) rig

39、ht of modification; right of revision完整性保持權(quán) right to maintain integrity不可侵犯權(quán) inviolability收回權(quán) right of recall; right of retrieval自費(fèi)出版 publish a book at the authors own expense著作財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán) property right in work使用收益分享權(quán) right to share usufruct利用權(quán) right to make use of獲得報(bào)酬權(quán) right to get payment重播權(quán) right of reb

40、roadcasting錄制權(quán) right of fixation機(jī)械復(fù)制權(quán) right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction著作鄰接權(quán) neighboring right of copyright剽竊 plagiary; plagiarism盜版 pirate盜版VCD pirated VCD偽造 forge工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán) industrial property專利權(quán) patent right優(yōu)先權(quán)日 priority date申請(qǐng)?jiān)谙仍瓌t prior application rule使用在先 priority of use新穎性 nov

41、elty創(chuàng)造性 creativity實(shí)用性 practicability發(fā)明創(chuàng)造 invention and creation實(shí)用新型 utility model外觀設(shè)計(jì) design; industrial design發(fā)明權(quán) right of invention發(fā)現(xiàn)權(quán) right of discovery專利申請(qǐng) patent application專利異議 objection to a patent專利公告 patent gazette專利續(xù)展費(fèi) renewal fee of patent專利許可協(xié)議 patent licensing agreement技術(shù)訣竅 know-how專有技術(shù)

42、 know-how專利證書(shū) certificate of patent專利事務(wù)所 patent office專利代理 patent agency中華人民共和國(guó)專利局 Patent Office of the Peoples Republic of China商標(biāo)權(quán) trademark right商標(biāo)國(guó)際注冊(cè) international registration of trademark商品商標(biāo) commodity trademark服務(wù)商標(biāo) service trademark馳名商標(biāo) reputed trademark廣告商標(biāo) advertisement trademark近似商標(biāo) simil

43、ar trademark商標(biāo)評(píng)審委員會(huì) trade review and appraisal board商標(biāo)審查 trademark examination商標(biāo)侵權(quán) trademark infringement商標(biāo)注冊(cè) registered trademark商標(biāo)公告 trademark gazette注冊(cè)商標(biāo)使用許可 licensing of registered trademark注冊(cè)商標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)讓 assignment of registered trademark商標(biāo)使用許可協(xié)議 trademark licensing agreement商標(biāo)事務(wù)所 trademark office商標(biāo)代理

44、trademark agency婚姻、家庭、繼承、收養(yǎng) marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻法 marital law; marriage law包辦婚姻 arranged marriage財(cái)產(chǎn)分割 partition; dismemberment of property重婚 bigamy獨(dú)生子女 only child法律婚 legal marriage非婚生子女 illegitimate child夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn) community property夫妻關(guān)系 conjugal relationship夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et

45、thoro; divorce from bed and board復(fù)婚 resumption of marriage感情破裂 incompatibility婚后財(cái)產(chǎn)公證 notarization of postnuptial properties婚姻登記 marriage registration婚生子女 ligitimate child計(jì)劃生育 birth control結(jié)婚 marry離婚 divorce買賣婚姻 mercenary marriage擬制血親 blood relations in fiction of law旁系血親 collateral relation blood re

46、lation涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements配偶 spouse事實(shí)婚 de facto marriage訴訟離婚 divorce by litigation探視權(quán) visitation right同居 cohabitation晚婚 late marriage無(wú)效婚姻 void marriage協(xié)議離婚 divorce by agreement一夫一妻制 monogamy早婚 early marriage直系血親 lineal descent自然血親 natural blood relation收養(yǎng)法 adoption law收養(yǎng)協(xié)議 adoption ag

47、reement收養(yǎng)人 adoptive parent送養(yǎng)人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption涉外收養(yǎng) adoption with foreign elements繼承法 inheritance law; law of succession法定繼承 legal seccession遺囑繼承 intestate succession遺贈(zèng)繼承 succession by devise自然繼承 natural succession代位繼承 representation; succession by subrogation世襲繼

48、承 hereditary succession間接繼承 indirect succession轉(zhuǎn)繼承 subsuccession共同繼承 joint succession單獨(dú)繼承 single succession繼承人 heir; successor第二順序繼承人 successor second in order第一順序繼承人 successor first in order繼承參與人 succession participant遺產(chǎn) inheritance; heritage遺產(chǎn)繼承人 heir to property; inheritor遺言 last will and testame

49、nt遺書(shū) last words遺贈(zèng) bequest; legacy; devise遺贈(zèng)撫養(yǎng)協(xié)議 legacy-support agreement會(huì)計(jì)法 accounting law稅法 tax law; taxation law反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法 anti-unfair competition law消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法 consumers interest protection law產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法 production liability law消費(fèi)者權(quán)益法 consumer rights and interests law公司法 company law; corporate law公司 compan

50、y; corporation有限責(zé)任公司 limited liability company股份有限公司 company limited by shares無(wú)限公司 unlimited company股份兩合公司 joint stock limited liability partnership兩合公司 joint liability company控股公司 holding company集團(tuán)公司 group company合資公司 joint venture company聯(lián)營(yíng)公司 associated company; affiliated company國(guó)營(yíng)公司 state-own co

51、mpany國(guó)有公司 state-owned company民營(yíng)公司 civilian-run company本國(guó)公司 national/domestic company外國(guó)公司 foreign company上市公司 listed company母公司 parent company子公司 subsidiary皮包公司 briefcase company; fundless company募集設(shè)立 incorporation by stock floatation發(fā)起人 floater; initiator公司名稱 name of company公司住址 domicile of company出

52、資 contribution; capital subscription現(xiàn)金出資 investment in cash實(shí)物出資 investment in kind工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)出資 investment in industrial property right非專有技術(shù)出資 investment in non-patent technology勞務(wù)出資 investment in labor高新技術(shù)成果出資 investment in hi-tech achievements注冊(cè)資本 registered capital實(shí)繳資本 paid-in capital驗(yàn)資報(bào)告 capital verifi

53、cation report會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所 certified public accountants注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師 certified public accountant資本三原則 three doctrine of capital資本確定原則 doctrine of capital determination資本維持原則 doctrine of capital maintenance資本不變?cè)瓌t doctrine of unchanging capital最低資本額制度 minimum capital system公司章程 articles of association; articles of i

54、ncorporation; bylaw公司登記 incorporation; corporate registration公司存續(xù) existence of company公司合并分立 merger and split of company公司并購(gòu) corporate merger and acquisition公司管理 corporate governance; company management公司法律顧問(wèn) corporate counsel公司整頓 company rectification公司歇業(yè) closure of business公司和解 company composition

55、公司解散 company dissolution公司清算 company liquidation公司清理 company winding-up競(jìng)業(yè)禁止 non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程 prospectus股本 stock capital股東 shareholder股東大會(huì) shareholders meeting股東大會(huì)決議 resolution of shareholders meeting股東大會(huì)議事規(guī)則 rule of procedure of shareholders meeting表決權(quán) voting right; right to vote董事 director董事長(zhǎng) president/chairman of the board首席執(zhí)行官 chief executive officer(CEO)首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官 chief operation officer(COO)執(zhí)行董事 executive director常務(wù)董事 managing director董事會(huì) board of directors董事會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的經(jīng)理負(fù)責(zé)制 respons