美國文學欣賞Hawthorne

1、 nathaniel hawthorne (1804-1864) nnovelist nshort story writer ncentral figure of american renaissance nathaniel hawthorne (1804-1864) nlife story nliterary characteristics ndr. heideggers experiment life story nchildhood neducation ncareer childhood nbirth: salem, massachusetts; july 4, 1804 npromi

2、nent ancestors: colonial magistrate (quakers) judge (salem witchcraft trial in 1692) nfather: sea captain dying in 1808 nleading a secluded life the salem witchcraft trials ntime: may-october of 1692 none of the darkest times in american history of religious tolerance namong the last outbreaks of th

3、e persecution of accused witches nreasons: an ongoing frontier war, economic conditions, congregational strife, teenage boredom, and personal jealousies trial of an accused witch in salem examination of sarah good by judges hathorne and corwin nwhat evil spirit have you familiarity with? nnone. nhav

4、e you made no contract with the devil? nno. nwhy do you hurt these children? ni do not hurt them. i scorn it. nwho do you imploy then to do it? ni imploy no body. nwhat creature do you imploy then? nno creature. i am falsely accused. education nbowdoin college (1821-1825) nfriends: h. w. longfellow

5、& franklin pierce ngraduating 18th of 38 students career n1825-1827: salem (reading and writing ) n1839-1840: boston customs house n1842: getting married and living at the old manse n1846-1849: salem customs house nbuying “wayside” n1853-1857: united states consul at liverpool n1857-59: rome and flo

6、rence n1860: returning to america n1864: death literary characteristics nmajor works nblack vision nhawthornes point of view naesthetics nstyle hawthornes major works 1)two collections of short stories: twice-told tales 故事新編故事新編 mosses from an old manse 古宅青苔 2) the scarlet letter 紅字 masterpiece, whi

7、ch established him as the leading american native novelist of the 19th century hawthornes major works n3) the house of the seven gables 七個尖角閣的房子七個尖角閣的房子 n4) the blithedale romance 福谷傳奇福谷傳奇 n5) the marble faun 大理石雕像大理石雕像 nshort stories: nyoung goodman brown 小伙子古德曼小伙子古德曼布朗布朗 nthe ministers black veil

8、教長的黑面紗教長的黑面紗 nthe birthmark 胎記胎記 black vision nevil exists in the human heart neveryone possesses some evil secret neveryone seems to cover up his innerost evil nevil seems to be mans birthmark nsin will eventually get punished nevil educates noverweening過于自信的 intellectsource of evil hawthornes poin

9、t of view nhawthorne is influenced by puritanism deeply. he was not a puritan himself, but he had puritan ancestors who played an important role in his life and works. nmelville : “霍桑描寫黑暗的巨大力量，是由于霍桑描寫黑暗的巨大力量，是由于 受到加爾文派交易關于與生俱來的墮落與原罪受到加爾文派交易關于與生俱來的墮落與原罪 思想的影響。沒有一位思想深邃的人能完全擺思想的影響。沒有一位思想深邃的人能完全擺 脫這種思想所

10、發(fā)生的各種形式的影響脫這種思想所發(fā)生的各種形式的影響?！?nhawthorne評價評價melville: “他既不肯信教，又對他既不肯信教，又對 自己的不信感到惶恐不安。自己的不信感到惶恐不安。” 對霍桑同樣適用。對霍桑同樣適用。 hawthornes point of view (1) evil is at the core of human life. hawthorne sense of sin and evil in life, “black” vision of life and human is haunted evil exists in the human heart, hum

11、an heart is the source of evil. everyone possesses some evil secret. evil is mans birthmark. a most disturbed and tormented one, discuses sin and evil in almost every book literary world rejects the transcendentalist optimism looks more deeply and more honestly into life, finding much suffering & co

12、nflict in it hawthornes point of view (2) whenever there is sin, there is punishment. sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation. the house of the seven gables colonel pyncheon takes the land of matthew maule and builds a house on the land-is haunted by ghost-his offspring wither and di

13、e out “god will give him blood to drink” 霍桑在探討罪惡時，不是宣揚加爾文教義，而是抨擊了它霍桑在探討罪惡時，不是宣揚加爾文教義，而是抨擊了它 對人性的摧殘，是要使人正視罪的存在，并把人從泯滅人對人性的摧殘，是要使人正視罪的存在，并把人從泯滅人 性的罪惡感中解脫出來。性的罪惡感中解脫出來。 hawthornes point of view (3) evil educates. nachievement is “under the impact of and by engagement with evil” n經歷過犯罪，受到其影響，人們才能有所成就經歷過

14、犯罪，受到其影響，人們才能有所成就 nman is better for the crime which brings about the fall. n人在犯罪后才能更好的完善自己人在犯罪后才能更好的完善自己 hawthornes point of view (4) he has disgust in science. one source of evil is overweening (too proud of oneself) intellect. nhis intellectual characters are villains, dreadful and cold-blooded.

15、hawthornes point of view (1) evil is at the core of human life. (2) whenever there is sin, there is punishment. sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation. (3) evil educates. (4) he has disgust in science. one source of evil is overweening (too proud of oneself) intellect. point of view

16、 aesthetic ideas (1)he took a great interest in history and antiquity. to him these furnish the soil on which his mind grows to fruition (fulfill). ntrying “to connect a bygone time with the very present”, he makes the dream strange things look like truth. point of view aesthetic ideas (2) he was co

17、nvinced that romance was the best form to describe america. the poverty of materials romances rather than novels allow him to avoid offending the puritan taste style typical romantic writer a man of literary craftsmanship，extraordinary in the use of symbol revelation of characters psychology the use

18、 of supernatural mixed with the actual the symbol serves as a weapon to attack reality. it can be found everywhere in his writing he is good at exploring the complexity of human psychology. there isnt much physical movement going on in his works style typical romantic writer his stories are parable

19、(allegory) to teach a lesson use of ambiguity to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty multiple point of view n first published as the fountain of yonder in 1837 nincluded in the collection twice- told tales. nplot ncharacters nstyle nsymbol shows them a rose and asks them if it would bloom ag

20、ain dr.heideg ger calls his four old friends for an experime nt the rose bloome d a vase with some water inside from the fountain of youth they drank this magical water his old friends were very eager to taste this water ventured off to florida for more water recreate their previous mistakes plot na

21、n eccentric aging physician, dr. heidegger, calls together his old friends and contemporaries to test his waters of the fountain of youth. as the doctor himself sits by to enjoy the show, each of his four aged friends eagerly quaffs more and more of the magic potion, each draught further carrying th

22、em backwards into their shared youth. having grown young, smooth-skinned and agile again, the three men begin to fight for the favors of the fourth compatriot now restored to her former beauty. plot nin the heat of the fracas, they begin to grow tired and within minutes the effect of the water has w

23、orn off. the participants in the brief respite from old age are devastated by the transience of the experience. despite heideggers warning that he has learned to appreciate the advantage of age by watching the four of them make themselves fools, they learned no such lesson and resolve to make a pilg

24、rimage to florida to seek the fountain. characters ndr. heidegger - a scientist who is the protagonist of the story. ncolonel killigrew - a man who throughout his life has had many different sexual partners and many different pleasures. nmr. medbourne - once a rich man who lost most of his money gambling, but claimed that he lost it in a stock investment. nmr. gascoigne - a politician whose career was cut short. nwidow wycherly was formerly a beautiful woman loved by the three gentlemen. when the four drink the liquid, she becomes beautiful again and everybody starts to compete for he