知識分類與管理

1、knowledge organisation 天馬行空官方博客：http:/ ；qq:1318241189；qq群：175569632 todays programme our aim is to present ideas and discuss concepts so that we will have a common understanding of terms such as data, information, knowledge, classification, knowledge management, etc. 天馬行空官方博客：http:/ ；qq:1318241189；q

2、q群：175569632 presentation is divided in three parts: 1st: basic concepts and definition of terms 2nd: simple introduction of classification 3rd: knowledge management information different definitions are given by different people (as seen in the history of information): information is a clue informa

3、tion reduces uncertainty information is something one did not know before data another important term used interchangeably with information but with the information profession there is a basic difference: data are simply facts and figures generated data are not actually evaluated and hence they do n

4、ot help us to make decisions examples ifu collects data about all the women participants name, age, qualification, country, etc. ifu collects data about all the papers presented during this three months title, main subject, presenter, etc. these are simply facts fid) the subjects in a classification

5、 system the subjects in a frame scheme of classification can appear in array and chain. in array there is a coordinate of independent classes, like the ten classes of dewey and udc in the chain there are a hierarchical subordination of the small subjects to the bigger classes. for instance in the ud

6、c we have class 3 social science, 34 law, 343 criminality and 343.914 dangerous women. a mathematical indian, head of the library of madras, creates the colon classification, a very philosophical system of bibliography classification using the technical of subject synthesis. colon classification ran

7、ganthan introduced the use of the signs to make the synthesis of the subjects in his classification system the colon . is the most used sign. the colon notation, e. g. the mark numbers, uses sign and letters to specified the subjects numbers. for ranganathan one subject can appear in one or more fac

8、ets and categories. the five categories of ranganathan are pmst: personality, matter, energy, space and time. this is a type of facetd system, very complex, not very well used, but the ranganathan theory, it was adapted to support the classifications theories studies. library of congress system (lc)

9、 the library of congress, the biggest library in the word, adopted a very paradigmatic system approach based on the warrant literature, and on the away in which the books were arranged in their subjects on the shelves. this is a very practical system combining letters and numbers, leaving blanks spa

10、ces where they expect new subjects to develop. so its a type or expansive system. these systems are used in some american libraries, and libraries use it as subject headings lcsh around the world. the great advantage of the library of congress notation is that it appear on the librarys catalog cards

11、 and computer tapes produced by the marc, machine readable catalog project. conclusion of the three systems information can be organized using structural decimal classification; colon, expansive schemes, and so on. this systems are efficient depending on the context where they are used. nowadays, wi

12、th the “information explosion” we need almost the traditional way of knowledge organization, faster ways or organizing and retrieval information. changes in information access make more easier, usurers are, at the same time, consumer and information publishers. so we need more than traditional syste

13、ms to organize bits of information in computer, databases and internet. brief introduction of ddc classification systems are created to facilitate access into the knowledge. as librarians responsibility is to get the right information to the right person at time it is necessary to use a classificati

14、on system to support user access. the dewey decimal classification (ddc) was produced by melwil dewey in 1876. originally produced for a small north american college library. edition: it has been continuously revised and updated to meet evolving information access needs. the 21st edition, the latest

15、 published, appeared in four volumes in 1996 usage: ddc is widely used throughout the world. currently used in 135 countries and has been translated into 30 languages. ddc is also used in the national bibliographies of the uk, canada, australia, italy and other countries. main classes of dewey decim

16、al classification scheme 000generalities 100philosophy 200religions 300social sciences 400languages 500pure sciences 600applied sciences 700the arts 800 literature 900history, geography, biographies main classes the world of knowledge is divided into 10 main classes according to its subject matter s

17、imilar items are grouped together new subject concepts can be added to each when necessary.there are some options and spaces in the schedules notation the subject divisions identified are generally assigned a coded notation to represent the subject contents notation consists solely of digits and dec

18、imal points. numbers are presented with a minimum lenght of three. the numbers longer than three have a decimal point after the first three digits while a longer number represents a more specific concept, and a shorter number represents a more general concept. 200 religions 210 christian religion 22

19、0literature of christianity 230christian theology, christian doctrinal theology 240christian moral and devotional theology 250local christian church and christian religious orders 260christian social and ecclesiastical theology 270historical, geographical, persons treatment of organised christian ch

20、urch 280 denominations and sects of the christian church 290comparative religions other than christianity auxiliary tables table 1standard subdivisions table 2areas table 3subdivisions of individual literatures table 4subdivisions of individual languages table 5racial, ethnic, national groups table

21、6languages table 7persons auxiliary tables in ddc there are seven auxiliary tables: standard subdivisions areas subdivisions of individual literatures sub divisions of individual languages racial ethnic national groups languages and persons these are included as generally applicable categories, may

22、be applied at any point throughout the scheme. table 1: standard subdivisions summary 01philosophy and theory 02miscellany 03dictionaries, encyclopaedias, concordances 04special topics of general applicability 05serial publications 06organisations and management 07study and teaching 08history and de

23、scription of the subject among groups of persons 09historical and geographical treatment examples of the hierarchies from the dewey schedules 000generalities 005 computer programming, programs, data 005.3 software example 700 the arts 790 recreational and performing arts 791 public performances 791.

24、4 motion pictures, radio, television 791.45 television 791.457 programs hierarchical system ddc is a hierarchical classification system each concept is indicated by a number that identifies it and indicates its position in the hierarchy biases there are some inadequancies and biases in the scheme. t

25、he christian religion has been given the most important place under 200 religion classes while 200 - 290 devoted to christianity, comparative and other all religions have been placed in the 290 conclusion though there are some inadequancies and biases, a great many libraries in the world use ddc for

26、 classifying their books the reasons for it popularity are the simple notation, the policy of continuos revision, printed schedules with their relative index and availability of ddc numbers in many bibliographic services knowledge management we cant share knowledge, if we dont speak a common languag

27、e (thomas h. davenport) definition of knowledge management many definitions available definition i chose: all activities in a company or organisation in the fields of structuring knowledge and making best possible use of implicit and explicit knowledge of its members basic needs for creating knowled

28、ge intention/vision autonomy fluctuation and creative chaos redundancy essential diversity five phases of knowledge creation exchange of explicit knowledge (socialisation) conceptional converting of implicit into explicit knowledge evaluation of the used concept building of prototypes sharing the ne

29、w knowledge and transferring it to other areas why knowledge management ? information explodes, filtering relevant parts becomes more and more difficult half-life of information use shortens products are getting more complex product development cycles shorten processes are linked to each other compe

30、tition is globalizing laws and social regulations restrict production and distribution knowledge societies knowledge becomes equal to work, ground and capital as productive factor fluctuation implies making knowledge independent of individuals restructuring, mergers and lean management have destroye

31、d formal and informal knowledge networks knowledge determines role in society target of knowledge management providing the right knowledge at the right extent in the right quality at the right time at the fewest cost for the right person modules of knowledge management defining know- ledge targets k

32、nowledge identification knowledge acquisition knowledge development feedback knowledge controlling knowledge use knowledge distribution knowledge storage definition of knowledge targets definition: knowledge objective defining needed abilities and their creation instruments: management by knowledge

33、objectives balanced scorecard “normwissensstrategien” knowledge identification definition: creation of internal and external transparency of existing knowledge instruments: visualisation by knowledge mapping case-based reasoning collaborative filtering knowledge profiling (yellow pages) knowledge br

34、oker benchmarking/best practices knowledge acquisition definition: acquisition from external sources instruments: acquisition of knowledge companies consulting recruiting by knowledge objectives/ headhunting purchase of “knowledge conserves” knowledge development definition: enhancing the organisati

35、onal knowledge base by individual and collective learning instruments: innovation management/bonus for suggestions to improve processes knowledge links future teams/think tanks/competence centre job rotation knowledge distribution definition: distribution of isolated information and experience to the whole organisation instruments: sempai-koha