威尼斯憲章(中英對照)

1、INTERNATIONAL CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATIONAND RESTORATION OF MONUMENTS AND SITES威尼斯憲章PreambleDefinitionsAimConservation Restoration Historic SitesExcavationsPublicationPreamble 前言Imbued with a message from the past, the historic monuments of generations of people remain to the present day as living

2、witnesses of their age-old traditions. People are becoming more and more conscious of the unity of human values and regard ancient monuments as a common heritage. The common responsibility to safeguard them for future generations is recognized. It is our duty to hand them on in the full richness of

3、their authenticity. 世世代代人民的歷史文物建筑 ,飽含著從過去的年月傳下來的信息,是人民千百年傳統(tǒng)的活的見證 .人民越未越認識到人類各種價值的統(tǒng)一性,從而把古代的紀念物看作共同的遺產(chǎn) .大家承認 ,為子孫后代而妥善地保護它們是我們共同的責任.我們 必須一點不走樣地把它們的全部信息傳下去。It is essential that the principles guiding the preservation and restoration of ancient buildings should be agreed and be laid down on an internat

4、ional basis, with each country being responsible for applying the plan within the framework of its own culture and traditions. 絕對有必要為完全保護和修復古建筑建立國際公認的原則,每個國家有義務根據(jù)自己的文化和傳統(tǒng)運用這些原則。By defining these basic principles for the first time, the Athens Charter of 1931 contributed towards the development of an

5、 extensive international movement which has assumed concrete form in national documents, in the work of ICOM and UNESCO and in the establishment by the latter of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property. Increasing awareness and critical stu

6、dy have been brought to bear on problems which have continually become more complex and varied; now the time has come to examine the Charter afresh in order to make a thorough study of the principles involved and to enlarge its scope in a new document.1931 年的雅典憲章 ,第一次規(guī)定了這些基本原則 ,促進了廣泛的國際運動的發(fā)展 .這個運動落實

7、在各國的 文件里 ,落實在從事文物建筑工作的建筑師和技術人員國際議會(ICOM) 的工作里 ,落實在聯(lián)合國教科文組織的工作以及它的建立文物的完全保護和修復的國際研究中心(ICCROM) 里 .人們越來越注意到 ,問題已經(jīng)變得很 復雜,很多樣 ,而且正在繼續(xù)不斷地變得更復雜 ,更多樣; 人們已經(jīng)對問題作了深入的研究 .于是 ,有必要重新檢查憲章 ,徹底研究一下它所包含的原則 , 并且在一份新的文件里擴大它的范圍。Accordingly, the IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monume

8、nts, which met in Venice from May 25th to 31st 1964, approved the following text: 為此,從事歷史文物建筑工作的建筑師和技術人員國際會議第二次會議,于 196 4 年 5 月25 日至 31 日在威尼斯開會 ,通過了以下的決定 :DEFINITIONS 定義ARTICLE 1. The concept of an historic monument embraces not only the single architectural work but also the urban or rural setting

9、in which is found the evidence of a particular civilization, a significant development or an historic event. This applies not only to great works of art but also to more modest works of the past which have acquired cultural significance with the passing of time.第一項 歷史文物建筑的概念 ,不僅包含個別的建筑作品 ,而且包含能夠見證某種

10、文明 ,某種有意義的發(fā)展或某種歷史事件的城市或鄉(xiāng)村環(huán) 境,這不僅適用于偉大的藝術品 ,也適用于由于時光流逝而獲得文化意義的在過去比較不重要 的作品。ARTICLE 2. The conservation and restoration of monuments must have recourse to all the sciences and techniques which can contribute to the study and safeguarding of the architectural heritage. 第二項 必須利用有助于研究和白虎建筑遺產(chǎn)的一切科學和技術來 保護和

11、修復文物建筑。AIM 目標ARTICLE 3. The intention in conserving and restoring monuments is to safeguard them no less as works of art than as historical evidence.第三項 保護和修復文物建筑 , 既要當作歷史見證物 , 也要當作藝術作品來保護。CONSERVATION 保護ARTICLE 4. It is essential to the conservation of monuments that they be maintained on a permane

12、nt basis. 第四項 保護文物建筑 ,務必要使它傳之永久。ARTICLE 5. The conservation of monuments is always facilitated by making use of them for some socially useful purpose. Such use is therefore desirable but it must not change the lay-out or decoration of the building. It is within these limits only that modifications d

13、emanded by a change of function should be envisaged and may be permitted.第五項為社會公益而使用文物建筑 ,有利于它的保護 .但使用時決不可以變動它的平面布局或裝飾 只有在這個限度內 ,才可以考慮和同意由于功能的改變所要求的修正。ARTICLE 6. The conservation of a monument implies preserving a setting which is not out of scale. Wherever the traditional setting exists, it must be

14、 kept. No new construction, demolition or modification which would alter the relations of mass and color must be allowed. 第六項 保護一座文物建筑 ,意味著要適當?shù)乇Ｗo一個環(huán)境 .任何地方 ,凡傳統(tǒng)的環(huán)境 還存在 ,就必須保護 .凡是會改變體形關系和顏色關系的新建,拆除或變動都是決不允許的。ARTICLE 7. A monument is inseparable from the history to which it bears witness and from the

15、setting in which it occurs. The moving of all or part of a monument cannot be allowed except where the safeguarding of that monument demands it or where it is justified by national or international interest of paramount importance.第七項 一座文物建筑不可以從它所見證的歷史和它所從產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境中分離出來 .不得整個地或局部地搬遷文物建筑 ,除非為保護它而非遷不可 ,或者

16、因為國家的或國際的十分重大的利益有此要求。ARTICLE 8. Items of sculpture, painting or decoration which form an integral part of a monument may only be removed from it if this is the sole means of ensuring their preservation. 第八項 文物建筑上的繪畫 ,雕刻或裝飾只有在非取下便不能保護它們時才可 以取下。RESTORATION 修復ARTICLE 9. The process of restoration is a

17、highly specialized operation. Its aim is to preserve and reveal the aesthetic and historic value of the monument and is based on respect for original material and authentic documents. It must stop at the point where conjecture begins, and in this case moreover any extra work which is indispensable m

18、ust be distinct from the architectural composition and must bear a contemporary stamp. The restoration in any case must be preceded and followed by an archaeological and historical study of the monument. 第九項 修復是一件高度專門化的技術 .它的目的是完全保護和再 現(xiàn)文物建筑的審美和歷史價值 ,它必須尊重原始資料和確鑿的文獻.它不能有絲毫臆測 .任何一點不可避免的增添部分都必須跟原來的建筑外觀

19、明顯地區(qū)別開來,并且要看得出是當代的東西 .不論什么情況下 , 修復之前和之后都要對文物建筑進行考古的和歷史的研究。第十項 當傳統(tǒng)的技術不能解決問題時 ,可以利用任何現(xiàn)代的結構和保護技術來 ,但這種技術應有充分的科學根據(jù) ,并經(jīng)實驗證明其有效。The valid contributions of all periods to the building of a monument must beARTICLE 10. Where traditional techniques prove inadequate, the consolidation of a monument can be achi

20、eved by the use of any modem technique for conservation and construction, the efficacy of which has been shown by scientific data and proved by experience. 加固文物建筑ARTICLE 11.respected, since unity of style is not the aim of a restoration. When a building includes the superimposed work of different pe

21、riods, the revealing of the underlying state can only be justified in exceptional circumstances and when what is removed is of little interest and the material which is brought to light is of great historical, archaeological or aesthetic value, and its state of preservation good enough to justify th

22、e action. Evaluation of the importance of the elements involved and the decision as to what may be destroyed cannot rest solely on the individual in charge of the work.第十一項 各時代加在一座文物建筑上的正當?shù)臇|西都要尊重 ,因為修復的目的不是追求風格的統(tǒng)一 .一座建筑物有各時期疊壓的東 西時,只有在個別情況下才允許 把被壓的底層顯示出來 ,條件是 ,去掉的東西價值甚小 ,而顯示 出來的卻有很大的歷史 ,考古和審美價值 ,而且保

23、存情況良好 ,還值得顯示 .負責修復工作的個 人不能獨自評價所涉及的各部分的重要性和決定去掉什么東西。ARTICLE 12. Replacements of missing parts must integrate harmoniously with the whole, but at the same time must be distinguishable from the original so that restoration does not falsify the artistic or historic evidence.第十二項 補足缺失的部分 ,必須保持整體的和諧一致,但在同

24、時 ,又必須使補足的部分跟原來部分明顯地區(qū)別,防止補足部分使原有的藝術和歷史見證失去真實性。ARTICLE 13. Additions cannot be allowed except in so far as they do not detract from the interesting parts of the building, its traditional setting, the balance of its composition and its relation with its surroundings. 第十三項 不允許有所添加 , 除非它們不致于損傷建筑物的 有關部分

25、,它的傳統(tǒng)布局 ,它的構圖的均衡和它跟傳統(tǒng)環(huán)境的關系。HISTORIC SITES 歷史地段ARTICLE 14. The sites of monuments must be the object of special care in order to safeguard their integrity and ensure that they are cleared and presented in a seemly manner. The work of conservation and restoration carried out in such places should be i

26、nspired by the principles set forth in the foregoing articles.第十四項 必須把文物建筑所在的地段當作專門注意的對象 ,要保護它們的整體性 ,要保證用恰當?shù)姆绞角謇砗驼故舅鼈?這種地段上的保護和修復工作要按前面所說各項原則進行。EXCAVATIONS 發(fā)掘ARTICLE 15. Excavations should be carried out in accordance with scientific standardsand the recommendation defining international principles

27、to be applied in the case of archaeological excavation adopted by UNESCO in 1956.第十五項 發(fā)掘必須堅持科學標準, 并且遵守聯(lián)合國教科文組織 1956 年通過的關于考古發(fā)掘的國際原則的建議 .Ruins must be maintained and measures necessary for the permanent conservation and protection of architectural features and of objects discovered must be taken. Fur

28、thermore, every means must be taken to facilitate the understanding of the monument and to reveal it without ever distorting its meaning.遺址必須保存 , 必須采取必要的措施永久地保存建筑面貌和所發(fā)現(xiàn)的文物 .進一步 ,必須采取一切方法從速理解文物的意義,揭示它而決不可歪曲它.All reconstruction work should however be ruled out a priori . Only anastylosis, that is tosay, the reassembling of existing but dismembered parts can be permitted. The material used for integration should always be recognizable and its use should be the least that will ensure the conservation of a monument and the reinstate