高考虛擬語氣學(xué)生講義及練習(xí),答案(易中,難)

1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種假設(shè)，愿望，建議，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)不了的空想1 if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語氣。從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)過去將來時(shí)if +主語+v-ed（be動詞只用were）if+ 主語+should + v主語+ would / could / should /might do與過去事實(shí)相反 過去完成時(shí)過去將來完成式if + 主語 +had done主語+would/could /should/might + have done與將來事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)過去將來時(shí)if +主語+v-ed（be動詞只用were）if+ 主語+should + vif+ 主語+were to do+ v主語

2、+ would / could / should /might do (1) 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。如： if i were you , i would help him. if he studied at this school, he would know you well. = if he should study at this school, he would know you well.(2) 與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。如： if i had seen the film, i would have told you about it. (3) 與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。如： i

3、f it were sunday tomorrow, we would have no school.if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句的省略與倒裝 (1) 必須是非真實(shí)條件句，真實(shí)條件句中不可省略if。 (2) 只有當(dāng)非真實(shí)的條件句中有were , had ,should, would 等詞時(shí)，才可以省略。 (3) if省略，助動詞were, had ,should 等提至主語前，沒有助動詞的加助動詞 (1) 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句的省略與倒裝 if i were you , i would help him. = were i you , i would help him.（be 提前） if

4、he studied at this school, he would know you well. = did he study at this school, he would know you well. （無助動詞，且為一般過去式，所以加did） if he should study at this school, he would know you well = should he study at this school, he would know you well （助動詞should提前）( 2 ) 與過去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句的省略與倒裝 if i had seen the

5、 film, i would have told you about it. =had i seen the film, i would have told you about it. （助動詞 had提前） (3 ) 與將來事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句的省略與倒裝 if it were sunday tomorrow, we would have no school. = were it sunday tomorrow, we would have no school.2 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句的虛擬 （if的非真實(shí)條件句從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用過去將來） if you had followed the

6、doctors advice ,you should be all right now., 要是你那時(shí)候聽了醫(yī)生的勸告，你現(xiàn)在就好了。 if you had watered more, the trees would grow better now.3 含蓄條件句的虛擬 有時(shí)候一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況并不用條件句表示，而用其他方式表示，這樣的句子叫做含蓄條件句。 without沒有, but for若不是, but that若不是，otherwise否則， but 但是,常用來引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句 1. without your help,i would have failed in the examinat

7、ion =if it had not been for your help，i would have failed in the examination 2 i was busy last week, otherwise i would have come to see you. = if i had not been busy last week ,i would have come to see you. 3 i would have come to see you last week, but i was busy. 我上周想來看你了，但是我太忙了。= i would have come

8、 to see you if i hadnt been busy last week.4 在賓語從句中的虛擬 （1） 賓語從句在表示提議、要求、命令、意志等動詞后，其從句要用“should+動詞原形”（should可以省略）常用的動詞有：記憶方法： 一二四五 一堅(jiān)持： insist 二命令： order , command 四建議： suggest , advise , propose，recommend 五要求： demand , request , require , ask，desirethe doctor suggested that he(should) not go there醫(yī)生

9、建議他不要去那里。he desires that you (should) see him at once.他渴望你立刻去看他。但是，當(dāng)insist的意思為：堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說；suggest的意思為：暗示時(shí)，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣 his smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。 tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch. 湯姆堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷那塊手表。（2） wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的虛擬語氣與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)與過去事實(shí)相反 從句用過去完

10、成時(shí)與將來事實(shí)相反 從句用過去將來時(shí) i wish that he were here now i wish that he had been here yesterday i wish that he would be here tomorrow.（3）would rather, had rather, would sooner引導(dǎo)的賓語的虛擬語氣與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)與過去事實(shí)相反 從句用過去完成時(shí)與將來事實(shí)相反 從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài) id rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。 id rather you had seen the film y

11、esterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。 wed rather you went there tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那兒。5 在主語從句中的虛擬(1) its important類這一類型主要包括it is (was) important (necessary, desirable值得新來的, imperative有必要的, advisable明智的, desired渴望的 suggested建議的, settled固定的, proposed, requested, decided)that+主語+should do it is impossible that he sh

12、ould go home. it is necessary that i should return it right now. it was proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting. 6 表語從句及同位語從句中虛擬語氣英語中，表示請求、要求、命令、建議等名詞advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 引導(dǎo)表語從句或

13、同位語從句時(shí)常用should+do的虛擬語氣,should 可以省略。his suggestion is that we（ should）work more carefully. we followed his advice that we（ should ）ask our teacher for help. 7 定語從句中的虛擬語氣it is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形。（此結(jié)構(gòu)中should 不可省略） it is high time you should go to work. it is high time

14、you went to work. 8 狀語從句的虛擬語氣(1).目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 在for fear that, in case, lest(為了不.， 以免.，唯恐)引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句用should + 動詞原形的虛擬語氣, should 可以省略 keep quiet in case you（should）interrupt him when he is busy she is now studying for fear that she（should）fail in english you must wake him early lest he（should）be late f

15、or school(2)方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句用一般過去時(shí)與過去事實(shí)相反從句用過去完成時(shí)與將來事實(shí)相反從句用過去將來時(shí) he acts as if he knew me. 他顯得認(rèn)識我似的。 they treat me as though i were a stranger. 他們待我如陌生人。 9 if only引導(dǎo)的虛擬 意為 . 要是.該多好，其虛擬格式同wish 一樣與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句用一般過去時(shí)與過去事實(shí)相反從句用過去完成時(shí)與將來事實(shí)相反從句用過去將來時(shí) if only i were

16、 as young as you if only he had been here yesterday. if only it were not to rain tomorrow.10 suppose （假設(shè)）的虛擬用一般過去式 supposing the boat sank, what should we do?情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬和推測表推測的用法 1 must have done 表示對過去某事的肯定猜測 since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 2 may / might have done 對過去事實(shí)可能的推測 i ca

17、nt find my keys. i may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 3 can/could not have done 對過去事實(shí)否定的推測（亦可用于疑問句中） can/could he have passed the exam? i think that he couldnt/cant have gone abroad. i saw him just now.在虛擬語氣中的用法 1 should have done 過去本應(yīng)該做某事卻未做 shouldnt have done 過去本不該做某事卻做了 2 ought t

18、o have done 過去本應(yīng)該做某事卻未做 oughtnt to have done 過去本不該做某事卻做了 3 need have done 過去本有必要做某事卻未做 neednt have done 過去本沒必要做某事卻做了 4. could have done 過去本能夠做某事卻未做 授課配套練習(xí)及答案（基礎(chǔ)）1 if i _ you, i wouldnt return the call. a. be b. am c. was d. were 2 if you had not been late, i _ you to go there yesterday. a. will allo

19、w b. should allow c. would have allowed d. had allowed 3 dont touch the sleeping tiger. if he woke up, he _ you. a. would come to b. would come at c. would have come toward d. will come to 4 if it _ tomorrow, what would we do? a. rains b. were to rain c. would rain d. rain 5 if i _ more time, i woul

20、d have gone with him. a. had b. had had c. have had d. would have 6 we _ delighted if the report _ true. a. were/ were b. shall be/ were c. should be/ were d. were/ would be 7 if we _ here ten minutes earlier, we _ the bus. a. arrived/would catch b. arrived/would have caught c. had arrived/had caugh

21、t d. had arrived/would have caught 8 you _ the train if you _ a little earlier. a. could take/ started b. could have taken/ had started c. could take/ had started d. could have taken / started 9 _ today, he would get there for holiday. a. was he leaving b. were he to leave c. would he leave d. if he

22、 leaves 10 _, i would take an umbrella with me. a. had i been you b. i were you c. were i you d. i had been you 11 had i known her name, _. a. or does she know mine? b. and where does she live? c. she would be beautiful d. i would have invited her to lunch 12 _more careful, his ship would not have s

23、unk. a. if the captain were b. had the captain been c. should the captain be d. if the captain would have been 13 _i you, i would go with him to the party. a. was b. had been c. will be d. were 14. if he had not gone out in the storm _. a.he will be alive now b. he would be alive now c. he would hav

24、e been alive now 15 if he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. a. had listened, would have known b. listened, would know c. listened, would have known d had listened, would know16 - i thought you would come back tomorrow. - i would if i _ to attend a meeting. a. dont hav

25、e b. didnt have c. will not have d. would not have 17. we might have failed if you _ us a helping hand. a. have not given b. would not give c. had not given d. did not give 18 i was busy yesterday, otherwise i _ your birthday party. a. attended b. had attended c. would attend d. would have attended

26、19 without your help, our team _ the last match. a. wont win b. will lose c. wouldnt have won d. cant win 20 i would have come earlier, but i _ that you were waiting for me. a. didnt know b. hadnt know c. would have known d. havent known 21 supposing i _ this gift, what would he say? a. accept b. ac

27、cepted c. should accept d. would accept 22 we _ our lives had it not been for the policeman. a. would have lost b. should lose c. might lose d. lost 23 without electricity human life _ quite different today. a. is b. will be c. would have been d. would be 24 but for the help of the teacher, we _. a

28、shouldnt succeed b. could not have succeed c. will not succeed d. should not have succeeded 25 he was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. a. would come b. came c. would have come d. had come 26 but for the institution, he _ of hunger 30 years ago. a. would have died b. would die c. m

29、ust have died d. must die 27 i would have told him the answer had it been possible but i _ so busy then. a. had been b. were c. was d. would be 28 the secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. a. had brought b. should have brought c. brought d. bring 29 he demanded that the laboratory repo

30、rt _ immediately after the experiment was done. a. was written b. be written c. must be written d. would be written 30. the law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. a. has b. had c. have d. will have 31 the doctor advised that mr. ma _ an operation right away so as to save

31、his life. a.had b.would have c.have d.was going to have32 tom s uncle insisted _ in this hotel any longer. a. not staying b. not to stay c. that he not stay d. staying not 33 . the man insisted that he _ there. a. should send b. would be sent c. sent d. be sent 34 the jade emperor ordered that the m

32、onkey king _ right away. a would be arrested b. must be arrested c. be arrested d. had to be arrested 35 his smile suggested that he _ what happened a know b had known c would know d would have known 36 i wish i _ what to do now. a. knew b. have known c. know d. would know 37. i wish _ tomorrow. a.

33、he left b. he leaves me alone c. he be left d. he would leave me alone 38. id rather you _ right away. a. leave b. left c. will leave d. to leave 39 he insisted that he _ me before. a. see b. should see c. had seen d. saw 40 he insisted that john _ it. a. do b. does c. did d. would do 41 it is impor

34、tant that i _ with mr. willians immediately. a. speak b. spoke c. will speak d. to speak 42 it is strange that such a thing _ in your school. a. will happen b. happen c. should happen d. happened 43 it is imperative that you _ on time. a. are b. will be c. be d. would be 44 it is required that you _

35、 at six. a. will arrive b. arrive c. arrived d. would arrive 45 it is really strange that the girl _ so early. a. has been married b. has married c. be married d. would marry 46 the boy acted as if he _ in canada before. a lives b lived c have lived d had lived47 he spoke in a quiet, distinct voice,

36、 as though his thought _. a. was far away b. had been far away c. were far away d. went far away.48 it seems as if it _ rain. a. will b. is going to c. is to d. were going to 49 he is working hard for fear that he _. a. fails b. failed c. would fail d. fail 50 the two strangers talked as if they _ f

37、riends for years. a. were b. would be c. have been d. had been 51. edison kept phosphorus carefully in a bottle lest it _. a. would burn b. burned c. was burning d. should burn 52 one of the requirements for a fire is that the material_to its burning temperature. a is beated b will be heated c be he

38、ated d would be heated53 i recommended that the student _ as soon as possible. a. finishing writing b. should finish the writing c. finish to write d. finished writing 54 our idea is that the match_. a would put off b ought to put off c be put off d could put off55 if only he _ here last night. a we

39、re b was c had been d would be56 its high time that we _ to school. a. would to b. went c. go d. will go 57. the teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. a. give b. should give c. be given d. would be given 58 i didn tsee her in the meeting room this mo

40、rning. she _ at the meeting. a. mustn t have spoken b. shouldn t have spoken c. needn thave spoken d. couldn t have spoken59 i ought _ her,but i could never. a. to have helped b. not have helped c. to not have helped d. to helped60 with so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night a. mustn

41、n t go b. shouldn t go c. couldn t have gone d. shouldn thave gone61 most of the students felt rather disappointed at the english party. they say that it _ better organized. a had been b. had to be c. must have been d. could have been62 im surprised that he _ in the exam. a. should fail b. would hav

42、e failed c. may have failed d. should have failed63 you _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. a. needn t to come b. don t need come c. don t need coming d. needn t come64 there was plenty of times. she _.a. mustn t have hurried b. couldn t have hurried c. must not hu

43、rry d. needn t have hurried65 the plant is dead. i _ it more water. a. will give b. would have given c. must give d. should have given1-5 dcbbb 6-10 cdbbc 11-15 dbdbd 16-20 bcdca 21-25 baddc 26-30 acdbc 31-35 ccdcb 35-40 adbca 41-45 abcbc 46-50 dbddd 51-55 dcbcc 56-60 bcdad 61-65 ddddd中等練習(xí)及答案 2010屆高

44、三虛擬語氣100題 1. the boy acted _ he had never lived in canada before. a. as though b. even if c. as d. since 2. _ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. a. if he went b. were he gone c. should he have gone d. had he gone 3. if you were older, i _ you to go there yesterday. a. will allow b.

45、should allow c. would have allowed d. had allowed 4. the secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. a. had brought b. should have brought c. brought d. bring 5. i wish i _ able to tell him all about it last night. a. was b. were c. had been d. should be 6. if we _ here ten minutes earlier,

46、we _ the bus. a. arrived/would catch b. arrived/would have caught c. had arrived/had caught d. had arrived/would have caught 7. if i _ more time, i would have gone with him. a. had b. had had c. have had d. would have 8. he was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. a. would come b. cam

47、e c. would have come d. had come 9. the jade emperor ordered that the monkey king _ right away. a. would be arrested b. must be arrested c. be arrested d. had to be arrested 10. janes uncle insisted _ in this hotel any longer. a. not staying b. not to stay c. that he not stay d. staying not 11. dont

48、 touch the sleeping tiger. if he woke up, he _ you. a. would come to b. would come at c. would have come toward d. will come to 12. without electricity human life _ quite different today. a. is b. will be c. would have been d. would be 13. how i wish i _ to reapair the watch! i only made it worse. a

49、. had tried b. hadnt tried c. have tried d. didnt try 14. he demanded that the laboratory report _ immediately after the experiment was done. a. was written b. be written c. must be written d. would be written 15. the man insisted that he _ there. a. should send b. would be sent c. sent d. be sent 16. if he had not gone out in the storm _. a.he will be alive now b. he would be alive now c. he would have been alive now 17. if it _ tomorrow, what would we do? a. rains b. were to rain c. would rain d. rain 18. it is required that you _ at six. a. will arrive b. arrive c. arrived d. would