定語從句專題練習(xí)

1、定語從句(The Attributive Clause)專題講座一、疋義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句(請注意：是“修 飾”而不是“解釋”)。二、有關(guān)概念：1. 先行詞：在定語從句中，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。2. 引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)一個定語從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞。例如：The story that you_ read isthe Rescue.先疔詞引導(dǎo)詞定語從句She looked at Jeff,先打詞whowas wavi nq his arms.關(guān)系詞黃系代詞 一般情況下，定語從句要緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后，但也時有例外。3. 引導(dǎo)詞的分類：(1) 關(guān)系代詞(that,

2、 which, who, whose, whom )(2) 關(guān)系副詞(where, when, why)(3) 較為特殊的關(guān)系代詞(as)4. 引導(dǎo)詞的用法：廣 that在從句中作主語或賓語，即可指人，亦可指物。which在從句中作主語或賓語，指物，或指整句。as在從句中作主語或賓語，即可指人，亦可指物還可指整句 who在從句中作主語，指人。j% whom在從句中作賓語，指人。-whose在從句中作定語，既可指人，也可指物 when指時間。&where指地點(diǎn)。*在從句中作狀語。why指原因。注意：引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么樣的句子成分這一點(diǎn)很重要，要時刻注意判斷 三、限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從

3、句:限定性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系非常密切，如果去掉就會使語義表達(dá)不明確甚至產(chǎn)生 歧義。書寫時不用逗號分開。例如：Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his W 限定性定語從句）而非限定性定語從句只是對主句作一些附加的說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清 楚。書寫時往往用逗號分開。例如：My glasses, which I bought last week, fell to the ground and b非限 定性定語從句）四、定語從句應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：一關(guān)系代詞which和that是不是總是可以互換呢？答：當(dāng)然不是，因?yàn)閠hat可以指人，而which則不

4、可以，所以當(dāng)妲用來指人時就不 可以用which來替換。二指物時，是不是that和which隨便用哪一個都可以呢？答：一般情況下是這樣的。但在以下四種情況下，只能用that,而不能用which1. 先行詞是個不定代詞時（諸如all, an ythi ng, someo ne, no th等g。例如：Is there anything that you want to buy today?2. 先行詞被一個最高級形容詞所修飾時。例如：Shanghai is the biggest city that I have ever been to.3. 先行詞被一個序數(shù)詞所修飾時。例如：This is t

5、he second bicycle that my parents bought for me.4. 先行詞被 all, every no, some, anyttle, much, the on the verythe las等 詞修飾時，只 能用that而不能用which.而在以下兩種情況下，貝U只能用which,不能用that=1. 在非限定性定語從句中。例如：He has lost his bag, which he liked very much.2. 在介詞后面。例如：This is the road on which we go to school every day三是不是先行

6、詞是地點(diǎn)就用where而先行詞是時間就用when呢？答：不是。關(guān)鍵是要看關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分。例如：1. This is the house where Lu Xun lived in his childhoodiere（故什么成份？）2. This is the house that we visited last week.（that做什么成份？）在例句1中，因?yàn)椤發(fā)ive”是一個不及物動詞，而“關(guān)系詞”在從句中指“生活”的 地點(diǎn)，作地點(diǎn)狀語，故應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。而在例句2中，因?yàn)椤皏isit”是一個及物動詞，而“關(guān)系詞”在從句中作“參觀”的 賓語，故應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。四應(yīng)該如何判斷

7、什么時候該用who, whom,還是whose答：主要看關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧＠纾?) This is Mr. Joh nsonthree childre n are all in the army now.2) I like Mr. Joh nsontaught us En glish whe n I was young.3) Illgo to visit Mr. Joh nsonwe met at the school gate last week.五、關(guān)系代詞as的用法：as既可指人又可指物，在從句中作主語、賓語、介詞賓語或主語補(bǔ)語，用法如下：1 .與 the samel用： Yo

8、u are still the same person as I knew ten years ago.2 與 such 連用：I n ever heard such stories as he told.3. 與 so連用：Here is so difficult a problem as none of us can solve.4. 與 as 連用：As many people as are prese nt have voted for the can didate.另附：as在限定性定語從句的作用有時也相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞。例如：Meet me at the same place as y

9、ou did yesterday六“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”(指代物用which指代人用whom)引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，判斷是 否需要介詞，應(yīng)根據(jù)：(1)有先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配或根據(jù)先行詞的需要。The speed at which light travels is 300 000 km per se(soieie.d前一般用介詞 at)The room in which there is a blackboard is their classroom.Fin ally they came to the house behind which there are some pe

10、ach trees.(2)這個介詞可能是從句謂語的一部分，或動詞所需要的搭配。Don tbri ng childre n to see the ani mals of which they are afraid. (be aWd定搭配) This is the job at which they laughbfaugh at 為固定搭配)(3 )表示所有關(guān)系或表示為整體的一部分時，常用of which.China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.七、應(yīng)注意的其它問題：1. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語時往往可以省略。2

11、. way作先行詞時，關(guān)系代詞可以用that,也可以用in which,或者省略。We first broke the lawn a way whiclwas peaceful; when this was not allowed the n did we decide to an swer viole nee with viole nee which 在從句中作主語時例 外。）3. 注意關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與主句中的先行詞保持一致。八、專題練習(xí)（請按各題所要求的步驟完成下列各題）一、用紅顏色的筆跡畫出定語從句；然后選擇適當(dāng)白引導(dǎo)詞填空：1. He went to a frie

12、n knew a lot about English.2. I have looked up the words in the dictionary I borrowed from my teacher.3. He is the student parents are both workers in this factory4. This is the place I often leave my bike.5. Lao %ng would n ever forget the dayhe was beate n by the Japa nese soldiers.6. This is the

13、reason I am against your plan.7. There are rules help to make the roads safe.8. There are still many difficultieswe must overcome.9. He is the man we should learn from.10. Alice is the girl home is behind our school.11. The rooms doors are made of iron are used as our dormitories.12. This is all the

14、 teacher told us.13. Is there anything I can help?14. This is the sec ond question I want to ask.15. yesterday I bought a new coat, cost me more than one hundred yuan.16. Xiao Wang, with we went to the con cert, has lost his watch.17. I will never forget the day I went into the college.18. July 1 19

15、97 is a daythe Chin ese people will n ever forget.19. This is the building the policeman found the thief . s body20. This is the buildin was built for the old people.二. 用紅顏色的筆跡畫出定語從句；然后選擇正確的答案1. The thing _ I want for my birthday is a new bicycle.A. whe n B. that C. what D. which2. He had to wash al

16、l these windows mosthadn t been cleaned for at least a year.A. those B. that C. for which D. of which3. Inthe dark street, there wasn t a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom4. I don t like _ you speak to your parents.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way w

17、hich D. the way of which5. Alice received an invitation from her boss,came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he6. The weather tur ned out to be very good,was more tha n we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it7. It rained hard yesterday preve nted me from going to the park.A. thatB. whic

18、hC. asD. it8. I have got into the same troublehe has.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it9. we know, smok ing is harmful to on es health.A. ThatB. WhichC. AsD. It10. is known, smok ing is harmful to on es health.A. ThatB. WhichC. AsD. It三、高考真題演練（注意：先用紅筆畫出定語從句，然后分析從句的成分）【2013 北匕京】27. Many coun tries are now set

19、t ing up n ati on al parka ni mals and pla nts canbe protected.A. whe nB. which C. whose D. where【2013福建】27. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of thoselivwere affected.A. whoseC. whoD. whichB. that【2013 湖南】21. Happ in ess and success ofte n come to thoseare good at recog ni z

20、irtheir own stre ngths.A. whomB. who C. what D. which【2013 江蘇】32. The preside nt of the World Ba nk says he has a passion for China , he remembers start ing as early as his childhood.A. whereB. which C. whatD. whe n【2013江西】33. He wrote a letterhe explains what had happened in the accident.A. whatB.

21、whichC. whereD. how【2013遼寧】34. He may win the competition,he is likely to get into the national team.A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case【2013山東】31. There is no simple answer,is often the case in scienee.A. asB. thatC. whe nD. where【2013 山東】35. Fin ally he reached a Ion

22、ely isla ndwas completely cut off from theoutside world.A. whe nB. where C. whichD. whom【2013 陜西】16.is often the case with childre n, Amy was better by the time the doctorarrived.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As【2013四川】9. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environmentthey liveA. what B. whichC. wh

23、e nD. where【2013天津】6. We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in tody n ewspaper.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what【2013全國 II 卷】4. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_ I would be staying.A. whatB. whe nC. whereD. which【2013全國 I 卷】33.”You cajudge a book by its cover,A. as the s

24、ay ing goes oldB. goes as the old say ingC. as the old say ing goesD. goes as old the say ing【2013浙江】5. The children,had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom【2013浙江】13. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewin

25、g platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A. whatB. whereC. whe nD. why【2013重慶】24. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.A them B. thatC. whichD. whom【2013 安徽】29. Mo 站n was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, madeone of the Chin ese p

26、 s lchngd dreams come true.A. itB. thatC. whatD. which1（2014安徽卷）22. The exact yearAngela and her family spent together in China was2008.A. whe nB. whereC. whyD. which2（2014 山東 卷）10. A companyprofits from home marketsare decli ning may seekopport un ities abroad.A. which B. whose C. who D. why3（2014北

27、 京卷）26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,myclassmates recomme nded to me.A. whoB. which C. whe nD. where4（2014畐建卷）31. Stude nts should invo Ive themselves in com mun ity activitiesthey can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where5（2014湖南卷）31.1 am look ing forward to the daymy daughter can read this book andknow my feelings for her.A. as B. why C. when D. where6（2014江蘇卷）22. Thebook hashelpe