沖壓模具畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、heat treatment of die and mould oriented concurrent design li xiong,zhang hong-bing,ruan xueyu,luo zhong hua,zhang yan abstract: many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method which belongs to serial pattern. it is well known that heat treatment is highly important to the dies. a new

2、idea of concurrent design for heat treatment process of die and mould was developed in order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment process. heat treatment cad/cae was integrated with concurrent circumstance and the relevant model was built. these investigations can remarkably impro

3、ve efficiency, reduce cost and ensure quality of r and d for products. key words:die design; heat treatment; mould traditional die and mould design,mainly by experience or semiexperience，is isolated from manufacturing process.before the design is finalized，the scheme of die and mould is usually modi

4、fied time and again，thus some disadvantages come into being,such as long development period,high cost and uncertain practical effect.due to strong desires for precision,service life,development period and cost,modern die and mould should be designed and manufactured perfectly.therefore more and more

5、 advanced technologies and innovations have been applied,for example,concurrent engineering,agile manufacturing virtual manufacturing,collaborative design,etc. heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design,manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture，assembly and

6、 service lifedesign and manufacture of die and mould have progressed rapidly，but heat treatment lagged seriously behind themas die and mould industry develops，heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good state of manufacture，assembly and wearresistant properties by request. impertinent he

7、at treatment can influence die and mould manufacturing such as overhard andsoft and assemblytraditionally the heat treatment process was made out according to the methods and properties brought forward by designerthis could make the designers of die and mould and heat treatment diverge from each oth

8、er，for the designers of die and mould could not fully realize heat treatment process and materials properties，and contrarily the designers rarely understood the service environment and designing thought. these divergences will impact the progress of die and mould to a great extent. accordingly，if th

9、e process design of heat treatment is considered in the early designing stage，the aims of shortening development period，reducing cost and stabilizing quality will be achieved and the sublimation of development pattern from serial to concurrent will be realized concurrent engineering takes computer i

10、ntegration system as a carrier,at the very start subsequent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing，heat treating，properties and so forth in order to avoid the errorthe concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pattern,which bring about a revolution against seri

11、al pattern in the present workthe heat treatment was integrated into the concurrent circumstance of the die and mould development，and the systemic and profound research was performed 1 heat treatment under concurrent circumstance the concurrent pattern differs ultimately from the serial pattern(see

12、fig1).with regard to serial pattern，the designers mostly consider the structure and function of die and mould，yet hardly consider the consequent process，so that the former mistakes are easily spread backwardsmeanwhile，the design department rarely communicates with the assembling，cost accounting and

13、sales departmentsthese problems certainly will influence the development progress of die and mould and the market foregroundwhereas in the concurrent pattern，the relations among departments are close，the related departments all take part in the development progress of die and mould and have close in

14、tercommunion with purchasersthis is propitious to elimination of the conflicts between departments，increase the efficiency and reduce the cost heat treatment process in the concurrent circumstance is made out not after blueprint and workpiece taken but during die and mould designingin this way，it is

15、 favorable to optimizing the heat treatment process and making full use of the potential of the materials 2 integration of heat treatment cadcae for die and mould it can be seen from fig2 that the process design and simulation of heat treatment are the core of integration frameafter information inpu

16、t via product design module and heat treatment process generated via heat treatment cad and heat treatment cae module will automatically divide the mesh for parts drawing，simulation temperature field microstructure analysis after heattreatment and the defect of possible emerging (such as overheat,ov

17、er burning)，and then the heat treatment process is judged if the optimization is made according to the result reappeared by stereoscopic vision technologymoreover tool and clamping apparatus cad and cam are integrated into this system the concurrent engineering based integration frame can share info

18、rmation with other branchthat makes for optimizing the heat treatment process and ensuring the process sound 2.1 3-d model and stereoscopic vision technology for heat treatment the problems about materials，structure and size for die and mould can be discovered as soon as possible by 3-d model for he

19、at treatment based on the shape of die and mouldmodeling heating condition and phase transformation condition for die and mould during heat treatment are workable，because it has been broken through for the calculation of phase transformation thermodynamics，phase transformation kinetics，phase stress,

20、thermal stress，heat transfer，hydrokinetics etcfor example，3-d heatconducting algorithm models for local heating complicated impression and asymmetric die and mould，and m arc software models for microstructure transformation was usedcomputer can present the informations of temperature，microstructure

21、and stress at arbitrary time and display the entire transformation procedure in the form of 3-d by coupling temperature field,microstructure field and stress fieldif the property can be coupled,various partial properties can be predicted by computer 2.2 heat treatment process design due to the speci

22、al requests for strength，hardness，surface roughness and distortion during heat treatment for die and mould，the parameters including quenching medium type，quenching temperature and tempering temperature and time，must be properly selected，and whether using surface quenching or chemical heat treatment

23、the parameters must be rightly determinedit is difficult to determine the parameters by computer fullysince computer technology develops quickly in recent decades,the difficulty with largescale calculation has been overcomeby simulating and weighing the property，the cost and the required period afte

24、r heat treatmentit is not difficult to optimize the heat treatment process 2.3 data base for heat treatment a heat treatment database is described in fig3the database is the foundation of making out heat treatment processgenerally，heat treatment database is divided into materials database and proces

25、s databaseit is an inexorable trend to predict the property by materials and processalthough it is difficult to establish a property database，it is necessary to establish the database by a series of teststhe materials database includes steel grades,chemical compositions，properties and home and abroa

26、d grades parallel tablesthe process database includes heat treatment criterions，classes，heat preservation time and cooling velocitybased on the database，heat treatment process can be created by inferring from rules 2.4 tool and equipment for heat treatment after heat treatment process is determined，

27、tool and equipment cadcae system transfers the information about design and manufacture to the numerical control devicethrough rapid tooling prototype，the reliability of tool and the clamping apparatus can be judgedthe whole procedure is transferred by network，in which there is no manmade interferen

28、ce 3 key technique 3.1 coupling of temperature，microstructure，stress and property heat treatment procedure is a procedure of temperature-microstructurestress interactionthe three factors can all influence the property (see fig4)during heating and cooling，hot stress and transformation will come into

29、being when microstructure changes.transformation temperature-microstructure and temperature microstructureand stress-property interact on each otherresearch on the interaction of the four factors has been greatly developed,but the universal mathematic model has not been builtmany models fit the test

30、 nicely，but they cannot be put into practicedifficulties with most of models are solved in analytic solution，and numerical method is employed so that the inaccuracy of calculation exists even so，comparing experience method with qualitative analysis，heat treatment simulation by computer makes great p

31、rogress 3.2 establishment and integration of models the development procedure for die and mould involves design,manufacture，heat treatment，assembly，maintenance and so onthey should have own database and mode1they are in series with each other by the entityrelation modelthrough establishing and emplo

32、ying dynamic inference mechanism ，the aim of optimizing design can be achievedthe relation between product model and other models was builtthe product model will change in case the cell model changesin fact，it belongs to the relation of data with die and mouldafter heat treatment model is integrated

33、 into the system，it is no more an isolated unit but a member which is close to other models in the systemafter searching，calculating and reasoning from the heat treatment database,procedure for heat treatment，which is restricted by geometric model,manufacture model for die and mould and by cost and

34、property，is obtainedif the restriction is disobeyed， the system will send out the interpretative warning all design cells are connected by communication network 3.3 management and harmony among members the complexity of die and mould requires closely cooperating among item groupsbecause each member

35、is short of global consideration for die and mould development，they need to be managed and harmonizedfirstly,each item group should define its own control condition and resource requested,and learn of the request of up- and-down working procedure in order to avoid conflictsecondly，development plan s

36、hould be made out and monitor mechanism should be establishedthe obstruction can be duly excluded in case the development is hindered agile management and harmony redound to communicating information， increasing efficiency，and reducing redundancymeanwhile it is beneficial for exciting creativity，cle

37、aring conflict and making the best of resource 4 conclusions (1) heat treatment cadcae has been integrated into concurrent design for die and mould and heat treatment is graphed,which can increase efficiency，easily discover problems and clear conflicts (2) die and mould development is performed on t

38、he same platformwhen the heat treatment process is made out，designers can obtain correlative information and transfer self-information to other design departments on the platform (3) making out correct development schedule and adjusting it in time can enormously shorten the development period and re

39、duce cost references： 1 zhou xiong-hui，peng ying-hongthe theory and technique of modern die and mould design and manufacturemshanghai：shanghai jiaotong university press 2000(in chinese) 2 kang m，park& computer integrated mold manufacturingjint j computer integrated manufacturing，1995，5：229-239 3 yau

40、 h t，meno c hconcurrent process planning for finishing milling and dimensional inspection of sculptured surface in die and mould manufacturingjint j product research，1993，31(11)：27092725 4 li xiang，zhou xiong-hui，ruan xue-yuapplication of injection mold collaborative manufacturing system jjournai of

41、 shanghai jiaotong university，2000，35(4)：1391-1394 5 kuzman k，nardin b，kovae m ,et a1the integration of rapid prototyping and cae in mould manufacturing jj materials processing technology，2001，111：279285 6 li xiong，zhang hongbing，ruan xue-yu，et a1heat treatment process design oriented based on concu

42、rrent engineeringjjournal of iron and steel research，2002，14(4)：2629 文獻(xiàn)出處： li xiong,zhang hong-bing,ruan xueyu,luo zhonghua,zhang yan. heat treatment of die and mould oriented concurrent designj. journal of iron and steel research，2006,13(1):40- 43，74 模具熱處理及其導(dǎo)向平行設(shè)計(jì) 李雄，張鴻冰，阮雪榆，羅中華，張艷 摘要摘要： 在一系列方式中，傳統(tǒng)

43、模具設(shè)計(jì)方法存在許多缺點(diǎn)。眾所周知,熱處理對(duì) 模具起著非常重要的作用。為了克服模具熱處理工藝存在的缺點(diǎn)，一種新的 模具熱處理工藝并行設(shè)計(jì)方法已經(jīng)被開發(fā)出來(lái)了。熱處理 cad/cae 技術(shù)是 集成了并行環(huán)境和有關(guān)模型而建立的。這些調(diào)查研究可以顯著提高效率，降 低成本，并保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量達(dá)到 r 和 d 級(jí)。 關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞：模具設(shè)計(jì)；熱處理；模具 傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計(jì)主要是依照自身實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)或依照部分實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而不是制造工 藝。在設(shè)計(jì)完成之前，模具方案通常要被一次又一次的改進(jìn)，于是有些缺點(diǎn)便出現(xiàn)， 例如開發(fā)時(shí)期長(zhǎng)，成本高和實(shí)際效果不明顯。由于對(duì)精確性、使用壽命、開發(fā)期和 費(fèi)用的嚴(yán)格要求，先進(jìn)的模具要求設(shè)計(jì)和制造

44、得十分完善。因此越來(lái)越先進(jìn)的技術(shù) 和創(chuàng)新方法被應(yīng)用其中，例如并行工程、敏捷制造業(yè)、虛擬制造業(yè)、協(xié)同合作設(shè)計(jì) 等。 模具的熱處理與模具設(shè)計(jì)，制造和裝配同樣重要。因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)模具的制造裝配 和使用壽命又及其重要的影響。模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造發(fā)展十分迅速，但是熱處理發(fā)展卻 嚴(yán)重滯后它們。隨著模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展，熱處理必須保證模具有良好的制造裝配和磨 損耐熱性能。不切實(shí)際的熱處理將導(dǎo)致模具材料過硬或過軟，同時(shí)影響模具裝配性 能。傳統(tǒng)的熱處理工藝是按照設(shè)計(jì)師提出的方法和特性制作出來(lái)的。這樣會(huì)使模具 設(shè)計(jì)師和熱處理工藝師意見產(chǎn)生分歧，而模具設(shè)計(jì)師卻不能充分地了解熱處理工藝 和材料的性能，相反熱處理工藝師卻很少了解模具的使

45、用環(huán)境和設(shè)計(jì)思路。這些分 歧將在很大程度上影響模具的發(fā)展。因此，如果把熱處理工藝設(shè)計(jì)放在設(shè)計(jì)階段之 前，則縮短開發(fā)周期，減少花費(fèi)和保證質(zhì)量等目標(biāo)將會(huì)被考慮，而且從串行到并行 的發(fā)展模式也將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 并行工程是以計(jì)算機(jī)集成系統(tǒng)作為載體，在開始以后，每個(gè)階段和因素都被 看作如制造、熱處理、性能等等，以避免出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。并行模式已經(jīng)摒除了串行模式 的缺陷，由此帶來(lái)了一場(chǎng)對(duì)串行模式的革命。 在當(dāng)前的工作中，熱處理被集成到了模具開發(fā)的并行環(huán)境中，同時(shí)也正在進(jìn) 行這種系統(tǒng)性和深入性的研究。 1.1.熱處理下的并行環(huán)境熱處理下的并行環(huán)境 并行模式與串行模式存在根本的不同（見圖 1） 。對(duì)于串行模式，設(shè)計(jì)者大多

46、考慮的是模具的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能，但很難考慮相關(guān)的工藝，以致前者的錯(cuò)誤很容易蔓延 到后面。與此同時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)本門很少與裝配，預(yù)算會(huì)計(jì)和銷售部門溝通。這些問題當(dāng) 然會(huì)影響模具的開發(fā)進(jìn)度和市場(chǎng)前景。然而在并行模式中，不但以上部門關(guān)系聯(lián)系 密切，所有參加模具開發(fā)的部門都與買家有密切的交流。這有助于協(xié)調(diào)各部門消除 矛盾，提高工作效率，同時(shí)降低成本。 (a) (b) (a)串行模式 （b）并行模式 圖 1.基于摸具開發(fā)的串行工程與并行工程系統(tǒng)框架示意圖 并行環(huán)境下的熱處理工藝不是在方案和工件確定以后，而是在模具設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí) 候制定出來(lái)的。這樣的話，將有利于優(yōu)化熱處理工藝，充分利用材料。 2.2.模具熱處理模具熱處理 c

47、ad/caecad/cae 一體化一體化 從圖 2 中可以看出，熱處理工藝的設(shè)計(jì)與模擬是一體化模式的核心。在信息 輸入產(chǎn)品模塊中后，經(jīng)熱處理工藝過程產(chǎn)生的熱處理 cad 和熱處理 cae 模塊將對(duì) 于零件圖，熱處理以后模擬溫度場(chǎng)的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析和可能出現(xiàn)的缺陷（例如過熱， 燒傷）自動(dòng)劃分網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如果優(yōu)化是根據(jù)立體視覺技術(shù)的結(jié)果重新出現(xiàn)，則這項(xiàng)熱處 理工藝已經(jīng)被審核。而且工具與夾具的 cad 和 cae 也集成于這種系統(tǒng)中 。 圖 2.并行工程熱處理 cad/cae 一體化系統(tǒng)框架示意圖 以并行工程為基礎(chǔ)的集成模式可以與其它類似模式共享信息。這樣使熱處理 工藝得到優(yōu)化，并確保改工藝準(zhǔn)確。 2.12.

48、1 采用三維模型和立體視覺技術(shù)的熱處理采用三維模型和立體視覺技術(shù)的熱處理 在形成模具的基礎(chǔ)上，材料，結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸的問題能通過熱處理三維模型盡快 發(fā)現(xiàn)出來(lái)。在熱處理過程中，模具加熱條件和相變條件是切合實(shí)際的，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^計(jì) 算相變熱力、相變動(dòng)力、相應(yīng)力、熱應(yīng)力、傳熱速度、流體動(dòng)力等已經(jīng)取得重要突 破。例如，能進(jìn)行局部復(fù)雜表面和不對(duì)稱模具的三維熱傳導(dǎo)模型計(jì)算，和能進(jìn)行微 觀結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變的 marc 軟件模型。計(jì)算機(jī)能夠在任何時(shí)間提交溫度，微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng) 力的信息，并通過連接溫度場(chǎng)微觀結(jié)構(gòu)領(lǐng)域和力場(chǎng)來(lái)顯示三維形式的全部改變過程。 如果再加上這種特性，則各部分性能都能通過計(jì)算機(jī)預(yù)見。 2.22.2 熱處理工藝設(shè)計(jì)熱處理工藝設(shè)計(jì) 由于對(duì)強(qiáng)度和硬度，表面粗糙度和模具熱處