埃及海水淡化工程方案設(shè)計

1、proposal of the seawater desalination 埃及海水淡化工程方案設(shè)計1. project name工程名稱new technology co-generation power desaltion plant(cpdp)中東歐電力和水項目公司新技術(shù)電力和海水淡化水共生廠2. project location 工程地點3. available site area：可用占地面積12.5ha（250mx500m）for first phase, 25ha for the second phase.4. project contents and scale 工程內(nèi)容和規(guī)模

2、4.1 product water for the first phase（2011） is 360000m3/d and 600000m3/d （2015） for the second phase. 36萬m3/d海水淡化（2011）；60萬m3/d（2015）4.2 the scale for bottled water is 3000m3/d 3000m3/d瓶裝飲用水4.3 crystallized salt product 配套結(jié)晶鹽項目according to the client requirement, this part is included in another pro

3、ject, so this cost is not in the offer of this project.根據(jù)業(yè)主要求，此部分另外立項考慮，投資不在本次報價范圍內(nèi)5. the raw seawater quality 進水水質(zhì)情況 5.1 water quality at the project location physico-chemical analysis of water samples at the project location (samples delivery date: 29 june 2008) 項目地點處水質(zhì)情況如下（采用點時間為2008年6月29日）parame

4、ters參數(shù)unitconcentrationsite 1site 2site 3site 4site 5ph -8.07.98.08.07.8water temperature水溫 oc2324.5252426electrical conductivity 電導(dǎo)率mho/cm6115059800620005920060500transparency透明度 cm9090909090total dissolved solids mg/i3950339557387953888939084suspended solids mg/i8.69.510.6108.9total solids mg/i395

5、11.639566.538791.63889939092.9total alkalinity (as caco3) mg/i120122124128116chloride(ci-) mg/i2500025000250002500024000sulfate (so4 2-) mg/i421412439432438nitrate (no3-n) mg/i0.020.010.010.010.01sodium (na+) mg/i1150210842109121098710223potassium (k+) mg/i753731692684613manganese g/lnil0.020.270.65

6、0.11calcium (ca2+) mg/i561641561561601magnesium (mg2+) mg/i17031654160516541581notes: (1) 100 m up stream. 水質(zhì)采用點上游100米處，(2) 200 m up stream. 水質(zhì)采用點上游200米處(3) fronting the power plant site. 水質(zhì)采用點廠址前，(4) 100 m down stream. 水質(zhì)采用點下游100米處，(5) 200 m down stream. 水質(zhì)采用點下游100米處5.2 surface water quality at 300

7、, 500 and 700 m in three profiles extending seaward form the project site (hydraulics research institute, edf suez gulf power s.a.e., 2000)項目地點向海延伸300m，500m，700m處的表面水質(zhì)情況：parameterrangeaveragetemperature, oc17-18 17.3salinity, % 鹽分42.17-42.69 42.36do, mg/l4.88-7.57 7.06dom, mgo2/i0.36-2.02 1.47ph8.90

8、-8.2 8.12tsm, mg/l16-30.7 18.9chl a, mg/l0.11-0.230.20nh4, mole0.1-2.4 0.75no2, mole0.026-0.78 0.24no3, mole0.003-0.248 0.128tn, mole1.58-11.66 6.20po4, mole0.055-0.11 0.069tp, mole0.26-0.77 0.48sio4, mole1.81-2.38 2.005.3 water quality at the project location organic analysis of water samples at th

9、e project location (1) (samples delivery date: 29 june 2008)五處采樣點水質(zhì)的有機物分析情況parametersunitconcentrationsite 1site 2site 3site 4site 5codmgo2/i3228322830bodmgo2/i16.216.5187.824.9oil& greasemg/i14.815.115.316.516.0phenol 石碳酸mg/in/d(2)n/dn/dn/dn/dpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons多環(huán)芳烴化合物mg/i 0.0410.0390.

10、0370.0380.0375total hydrocarbons總氫碳化合物mg/i 78.679.281.685.784.3chlorinated hydrocarbons 氯化烴mg/i 0.0340.0490.0530.0470.062polychlorinated biphenyles (pcbs) 多氯聯(lián)苯mg/i 0.670.870.850.760.68notes: (1) the same sampling points as indicated in notes of （1）(2) nd = not detected.5.4 heavy metals analysis of w

11、ater samples (1)(samples delivery date: 29 june 2008) 水樣的重金屬分析parametersunitconcentrationdetection limits (2)site 1site 2site 3site 4site 5zinc 鋅mg/in/d(3)n/dn/dn/dn/d0.005cadmium 鎘mg/i0.1620.1580.1510.1420.140.002chromium 鉻mg/i0.0960.0890.0910.0920.0930.02lead 鉛mg/i1.0631.0341.0481.0521.0510.05nick

12、el 鎳mg/i0.6760.6690.6680.6720.6740.02notes: (1) the same sampling points as indicated in notes of table（1） (2) detection limits: the sensitivity of the equipment. (3) nd = not detected.5.5 microbiological analysis of water samples(1) (samples delivery date: 29 june 2008) 水樣的微生物分析site no.total bacter

13、ial counts, cell/cm3most probable number index / 100miat 22 ocat 37 octotal coliform總大腸桿菌faecal coliform糞大腸桿菌site 164721.1 x 10270site 251541.4 x 10270site 359647030site 442n/d (2)n/dsite 532n/dn/dnotes: (1) the same sampling points as indicated in notes of table (1). (2) n/d = not detected5.6 algal

14、 counts of water samples (*) (samples delivery date: 29 june 2008) 水樣的含藻類統(tǒng)計parameterscount (organisms/ml)site 1site 2site 3site 4site 5diatoms 硅藻類120 100 90 110 110 green algae 綠藻類10 10 10 10 10 blue-green algae藍(lán)藻類20 20 10 10 10 total algal counts總藻類150 130 110 140 140 notes: (*) the same sampling p

15、oints as indicated in notes of （1）.5.6 water quality assessment and our advice 海水水質(zhì)評價和建議according to the seawater quality measurement and data (if right, verified), the seawater of this area contains oil, organics, heavy metal ion, and these materials contents have a high percentage. if intake such

16、seawater, it will increase the investment, cost and maintains of the seawater desalination plant, and as the same as the electric power plant. therefore, our advices as follows:1. please verify the position of the sampling points, detect measurements and data record. we will also coordinate with you

17、r part to this work after sign the agreement.2. if the data is exactly correct, the advice of altering the sample points or project site is much better. 根據(jù)上述海水水質(zhì)檢測數(shù)據(jù)（如果合適、無誤），該處海水中油、有機物、重金屬含量過高，如果取用這樣的海水，不僅會增加海水淡化廠的投資、成本以及日常維護量，對電廠部分也是同樣的。因此，我方建議：1. 請核實取水點位置、檢測方法、數(shù)據(jù)記錄等。協(xié)議簽署后我方也會配合進行該工作。2. 如果數(shù)據(jù)無誤，建議本

18、工程最好更換取水點或廠址。6. the requirement of product quality產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求6.1 desalination seawater product: with the following specifications脫鹽海水產(chǎn)品的水質(zhì)要求如下：anionsppmcationsppmbicarbonate重碳酸鹽27sodium鈉離子10 -12sulphate硫酸鹽50calcium鈣離子3 - 4chloride氯化物47magnesium鎂離子19nitrate硝酸鹽0 - 4potassium鉀離子0.1 - 0.2tds (mg/l)130t. hard

19、ness 硬度50ph7.8 8.06.2 bottled drinking water with 250 ml, 500 ml, 1500 ml, 1 gallon, 6 gallons pet packaging with the following specifications: 產(chǎn)品瓶裝水的水質(zhì)要求如下：anionsppmcationsppmbicarbonate重碳酸鹽50sodium鈉離子12sulphate硫酸鹽50calcium鈣離子15chloride氯化物15magnesium鎂離子5fluoride氟化物0.8potassium鉀離子0.2nitrate硝酸鹽0.1iro

20、n鐵離子0.02tds (mg/l)110t. hardness硬度50ph7.07. introduction of the process 工藝介紹the methods of seawater desalination are thermo method and membrane method as mechanism. nowadays, the project of seawater desalination mainly has three techniques: msf, med and mvc. membrane methods is referring to the swro

21、 techniques, which utilize semi permeable membrane, under a certain pressure it just allows the water permeate and then separate the impurity from the seawater. swro has become to the main techniques in the field of membrane techniques. thermo method is referring to the med techniques, which is a ma

22、in technique in the field of thermo method. 海水淡化的方法按脫鹽機理可分為熱法和膜法，實用化的熱法海水淡化工藝的主要有：多級閃蒸(msf)、低溫多效(med) 和壓汽蒸餾(mvc)三種技術(shù)。膜法主要指海水反滲透（swro）技術(shù)，它利用半透膜，在壓力下允許水透過而使鹽分和雜質(zhì)截留的技術(shù)。其中低溫多效（med)已成為熱法的主流技術(shù)，海水反滲透（swro）已成為膜法的主流技術(shù)。there are two problems in the process of thermo method of seawater desalination, one is the

23、 decay of the equipment, and the other is scaling on the heat-transfer pipe. to solve these two problems, widely used method is to use the corrosion-resistant alloy, and added the antisludging agent to the intake seawater. in addition, due to the corrosion and scaling velocity of the seawater and br

24、ine is related to the evaporation temperature, so in the field of seawater desalination to decrease the evaporation temperature of the seawater is a most important problem. this is why med technique is rising in past dozens of years. a med technique is generally operated in 70 centi degree, in this

25、temperature, when enrichment factor of seawater is 1.82.0, denuded zone of the calcium sulphate and carbonate is still removed from operating point, so the scaling probability is minimum. also because of the use of aluminium alloy, epoxy coating, plastic, which is corrosion-resistant in this tempera

26、ture, so med equipment can be added only minimum antisludging agent to the seawater, not like msf, which should be added acid to remove the co2 and o2. so it can reduce the cost of investment and maintains. therefore, in past few years, med technique develops fast, and until 2001, med separate unit

27、can reach a water yield of 68000m3/d. also, the total volume of process water is exceeding to the msf technique, and there are many operation outstanding achievements in the worldwide, and the technique has maturely used in the world.熱法海水淡化工藝面臨的兩大問題是設(shè)備的腐蝕和海水在傳熱管上的結(jié)垢。為了克服這兩個難題，廣泛采用的辦法是使用貴重的耐蝕合金、在進料水中

28、加入阻垢分散劑。另外，由于海水和濃鹽水的腐蝕和結(jié)垢速度與其蒸發(fā)溫度密切相關(guān)，在海水淡化領(lǐng)域也把降低海水的蒸發(fā)溫度作為解決問題的突破口，這就是近十幾年來興起的低溫淡化（med)技術(shù)。低溫多效蒸餾（med)一般在70 以下進行操作，在這個溫度下，海水的濃縮倍數(shù)為1.82時，硫酸鈣和碳酸鹽的結(jié)晶析出區(qū)還遠(yuǎn)離操作點，所以結(jié)垢傾向極小。又因鋁合金、環(huán)氧樹脂涂層、塑料的使用在該溫度下能耐氧的腐蝕，因此低溫多效蒸餾裝置對進入裝置的海水只需加入微量阻垢劑，而不需像多級閃蒸裝置那樣加酸脫除co2及o2，因而降低了投資和操作成本。因此，近幾年低溫淡化（med)發(fā)展迅速，到2001年低溫多效（med)單臺最大產(chǎn)水量

29、已達(dá)到68000m3/d，其年總制水量也已超過msf工藝，并在世界各地已由多臺運行業(yè)績，技術(shù)是成熟的。the swro technique has many advantages, such as low project investment, short construction period, small scale of plant area, simply operation maintains, low energy, low cost of water yield. after use the measure of energy recycle device and improvi

30、ng the water recycle rate. the energy consumption is great reduced in one unit of water yield, the energy consumption of the desalination seawater is decreased from 4.05.5 kwh/m3 per ton now to the 2.54.5 kwh/m3 per ton. as the development in these years, swro technique is become much more maturely

31、used, the production capacity of complete plant become much more powerful, the scale of project is much bigger. therefore, the swro technique is become one of the main techniques in the field of seawater desalination.海水反滲透淡化技術(shù)（swro）具有工程投資低、建造周期短、占地面積小、運行維護簡便、能耗低、制水成本低等優(yōu)勢。尤其是采用了更高效的能量回收裝置、提高水回收率等措施后，

32、大大降低單位產(chǎn)水的能耗，海水淡化噸水能耗將由目前的4.05.5kwh/m3下降到2.54.5 kwh/m3。經(jīng)過近幾年的發(fā)展，反滲透海水淡化工程技術(shù)越來越成熟，成套設(shè)備制造能力越來越強，應(yīng)用規(guī)模越來越大，海水反滲透海水淡化技術(shù)已逐漸成為海水淡化的主流技術(shù)之一。according to the raw seawater data, product water data of the project and application of brine, we recommend thermo and membrane hybrid technique: nf-ro-med/tvc. the proc

33、ess flow sheet and water balance referred to figue7.17.2. the advantages of the process are showed as follows: it can be sharing the seawater intake; can be fully used low grade steam from the electric plant; the product water can satisfy the vary requirement as the certain proportion, so the cost o

34、f seawater desalination is reduced as well as the quantity of brine discharge. nowadays, the largest of seawater desalination in the world, which is used thermo-membrane hybrid technique, its scale can be reached 454000m3/d, msf water yield is 284000m3/d, ro water yield is 170000 m3/d根據(jù)本工程進水、產(chǎn)品水以及濃水

35、的用途，推薦采用熱膜雜化工藝nf-ro-med/tvc（納濾-反滲透-多級蒸餾），工藝流程和水量平衡簡圖詳見圖7.1圖7.2。該工藝具有以下優(yōu)點：可以共用海水取水口，能夠充分利用電廠低品位蒸汽，淡化產(chǎn)品水可以按一定比例混合滿足不同需求需求，降低海水淡化成本，減少濃水排放量等。目前，世界上最大的熱膜聯(lián)產(chǎn)海水淡化廠已達(dá)454000m3/d，其中，msf產(chǎn)水284000m3/d萬立方米，ro產(chǎn)水170000 m3/d。fig 7.1 process flow sheet圖7.1 工藝流程圖fig 7.2 water balance flow sheet圖7.2水量平衡圖the whole seawa

36、ter treatment flow is included several parts as follows:整個處理流程可以分為以下幾個部分：7.1 seawater intake system 海水取水系統(tǒng)we propose the mode of water intake adopt the artesian nullah. in order to avoid the influence of debris and biological in seawater, bar screen of 50mm and rotating mesh strainer of 4 4mm are se

37、t in the nullah. the water pumping station needs to design with 800000 m3/d.建議采用自流明渠引水的取水方式，為避免海水中雜物及生物的影響，在明渠內(nèi)設(shè)置的50mm間隙粗格柵，44mm旋轉(zhuǎn)篩網(wǎng)濾網(wǎng)。取水泵站采用按照80萬m3/d設(shè)計。the inlet of priming nullah is more than 0.5cm lower than the guaranteed low tide level of the project needed, and setup the washing cycle accordin

38、g to the actual water quality.引水渠入口低于工程所要求的保證率低潮位以下大于0.5，并根據(jù)取水水質(zhì)實際情況設(shè)定清洗周期。fig 7.3 coarse screen fig 7.3 intake water pump station screen圖7.3粗格柵示意圖 圖7.4進水泵站示意圖7.2 pretreatment system 預(yù)處理系統(tǒng)pretreatment is of the utmost importance for the seawater desalination, especially for the ro membrane. the ro m

39、embrane is more sensitive to the colloid, organism, microorganism, siliceous compound and other pollution in seawater; blockage, scaling and degradation may be caused by the pollutants, ultimately lead to the decline of seawater desalination rate and water production. therefore, the seawater reverse

40、 osmosis desalination system has a special strict requirement on the pretreatment; the pretreatment is an important guarantee for the successful operation of the system.預(yù)處理對于海水淡化工程至關(guān)重要，尤其是反滲透膜對進水更加敏感，容易被水中的膠體、有機物、微生物、硅等物質(zhì)污染，造成反滲透膜的污堵、結(jié)垢和膜降解，最終導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)除鹽率和產(chǎn)水量的下降。因此，反滲透海水淡化系統(tǒng)對海水預(yù)處理有著特殊嚴(yán)格的要求，預(yù)處理是反滲透系統(tǒng)成功運行的

41、重要保證。for the specific circumstances of this project, coagulative precipitation and multi-medium filter are recommend as the pretreatment. the main function is to remove the suspended solids, colloid, organism, germ, algae, halobios in the raw water.針對該項目的具體情況，推薦采用混凝沉淀及多介質(zhì)濾池作為預(yù)處理手段。主要作用是去除原水中含有的懸浮物、膠

42、體有機污染物質(zhì)、細(xì)菌、藻類、海生物等。7.2.1 unit of coagulative precipitation混凝沉淀單元coagulation and flocculation sedimentation tank is a pretreatment facilities which take charge of reaction, oxidation, inclined plate clarification and automatic sludge discharge. the filtration rate up to 20m/ h 30m/ h, which enable to

43、 reduce the floor space greatly, also makes setting roof on the top of the structure possible, in order to avoid the breeding of algae. the medicine generally adopt inorganic iron salts, aluminum salts, oxidizer, disinfectants and coagulant aid. when water quality break, oxidizer and powder activate

44、d carbon can be dosed as an emergency measure.混凝沉淀池是集絮凝反應(yīng)、氧化、斜板澄清、自動排泥于一體的預(yù)處理設(shè)備，濾速可達(dá)20m/h30m/h，占地面積大大減小，這也使得池體頂部設(shè)置頂棚成為可能，從而避免藻類滋生。藥劑一般可投加無機鐵鹽、鋁鹽、氧化劑、消毒劑、助凝劑等。水質(zhì)突變時可以投加氧化劑和粉末活性炭作為應(yīng)急措施。fig7.5 coagulative precipitation tank圖7.5 混凝沉淀池示意圖7.2.2 multimedia filtration unit多介質(zhì)過濾單元multimedia filter can make u

45、se of one or several media to remove suspended impurities, microorganisms and colloids from water. the filter commonly used are quartz sand, anthracite coal and manganese grain, which can be used in turbidity removal, water softening, and pretreatment of purified water, etc. 多介質(zhì)過濾器是利用一種或幾種過濾介質(zhì)，有效去除水

46、中的懸浮雜質(zhì)、微生物和膠體物質(zhì)，使水澄清的過程。常用的濾料有石英沙，無煙煤，錳砂等，主要用于水處理除濁，軟化水，純水的前級預(yù)處理等。過濾速度一般小于8m/h，一般每天自動反沖洗一次。the quality of effluent treated by pretreatment system is as follows: turbidity 1ntu, codmn 3 ppm, and sdi5, which protects the following equipment run firmly.預(yù)處理系統(tǒng)出水水質(zhì)可以達(dá)到：濁度1 ntu；codmn 3 ppm， sdi5，從而更有效地保護后續(xù)

47、設(shè)備的穩(wěn)定運行。fig.7.6 multimedia filter in a seawater desalination plant圖7.6 某海水淡化廠多介質(zhì)過濾裝置7.3 nano filter system納濾系統(tǒng)according to our engineering experiment, organic pollutants(toc) in seawater is composed mainly of small molecules. more than 80% of molecular weight of toc is less than 1000, while nf can g

48、et rid of molecular weight between 200 and 1000. therefore, nf is the most suitable process for organic-removing.根據(jù)我方工程經(jīng)驗，一般海水有機污染物質(zhì)（toc）中以小分子為主，一般海水中80%以上的toc物質(zhì)分子量小于1000，而納濾截留分子量一般恰好在2001000之間，因此，對于有機物質(zhì)的去除最適合的處理工藝就是納濾。nf is also effective in the removal of inorganic substances. the retention rate o

49、f sodium chloride is 40%90%, and that of ions especially anions is up to 99%. as a result, the osmosis pressure of effluent is reduced and the recovery rate of the following ro system and med system is improved.同時，納濾對氯化鈉截留率一般4090%，對二價離子特別是陰離子截留率可達(dá)99%，可以有效降低出水滲透壓，提高后續(xù)反滲透及med系統(tǒng)的回收率。the nf system consi

50、sts of the high-pressure pump, nf membrane module, cleaning system, dosing system, etc.納濾系統(tǒng)包括高壓泵、納濾膜組件、清洗系統(tǒng)、加藥系統(tǒng)等。in this design report, we adopt nf27-2400 nf membrane, which is used one stage-two phase design, totally used 10556 pieces of nf membrane modules. additionally, the device also includes

51、dosing system, to remove remaining residual chlorine; adding antisludging agent to protect nf membrane elements and ro membrane elements. meanwhile, the stiff & davis index of raw water will improved from 0 to 1.5, to prevent scale formation and dangerous for membrane.本次設(shè)計納濾采用nf27-400納濾膜，采用一級兩段設(shè)計，共使

52、用nf膜10556支，此外還設(shè)加藥系統(tǒng)去除余氯、添加阻垢劑，以防止破壞納濾膜元件及后續(xù)的反滲透膜元件，同時將原水的stiff & davis指數(shù)由0提高到1.5，防止鈣鎂硬度在膜內(nèi)結(jié)垢以及硫酸鈣等物質(zhì)對膜的危害。the product water quality of nf system as follows:nf系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)水水質(zhì)如下： items項目unit單位value值ph-8.0tdsmg/l23537.79cl-mg/l14626.06so4mg/l10.71na+mg/l7254.85k+mg/l451.00ca2+mg/l390.72mg2+mg/l804.42the reject

53、water quality of nf system as follows：nf系統(tǒng)排放濃水水質(zhì)如下： items項目unit單位value值ph-8.0tdsmg/l67029.22cl-mg/l41168.75so4mg/l1180.11na+mg/l19183.85k+mg/l1233.86ca2+mg/l954.38mg2+mg/l3308.937.4 ro system 反滲透系統(tǒng)swro system is included of lift pressure pump, ro membrane module, energy recovery equipment, flushing

54、system and cleaning system etc.反滲透海水淡化系統(tǒng)（swro）由：高壓泵、反滲透膜組件、能量回收裝置、沖洗系統(tǒng)、清洗系統(tǒng)等組成。ro system is one of the key devices in seawater desalination system, which can remove soluble salts, colloids, organics and microorganism. according to the water quality, one stage ro membrane applies compound ro membrane

55、, which is especially suitable for the seawater, each piece of membrane can reach a 99.6% desalination rate, and the length of each membrane is 1m.其中，反滲透是整個海水淡化系統(tǒng)脫鹽的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備之一。它負(fù)責(zé)脫除水中的可溶性鹽分、膠體、有機物及微生物，使出水水質(zhì)達(dá)到用戶的要求。根據(jù)水質(zhì)情況，一級反滲透膜采用了適合海水淡化的復(fù)合反滲透膜，單根脫鹽率可以達(dá)到99.6%，膜的長度為1米。fig 7.7 swro membrane modules圖7.7 swro膜元件considering the pressure of the discharged condensed water is more than 5 mpa, to recover more brine energy, reduce more consumption, in our design repo