職稱英語綜合類新增文章

1、2012年職稱英語綜合類新增文章閱讀判斷（2篇）第七篇 Moderate Earthquake Strikes England*第十一篇 Computer Mouse概括大意與完成句子（2篇）第六篇 How We Form First lmpression第十篇 Washoe Learned American Sign Language閱讀理解（15篇）第一篇 Telling Tales about People第八篇 The Changing Middle Class第十篇 A Letter from Alan第十一篇 The Development of Ballet第十六篇 The Sa

2、hara*第十九篇 The Family*第二十篇 Tales of the Terrible Past*第二十六篇 Seeing the World Centuries Ago*第三十篇 “Lucky” Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead*第三十三篇 Oseola McCarty+第三十四篇 To Have and Have Not+第三十五篇 Going Her Own Way+第三十七篇 Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇 Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇 Narrow Escape補全短文（2篇）第九篇 Heat Is Kille

3、r*第十一篇 Virtual Driver完形填空（15篇）第一篇 A Life with Birds第二篇 A Lucky Break第三篇 Global Warming第四篇 A Success Story第五篇 Traffic in Our Cities第六篇 Teaching and learning*第七篇 The Difference between Man and Computer*第八篇 Look on The Bright Side*第九篇 The First Bicycle*第十篇 Working Mothers+第十一篇 School Lunch+第十二篇 A Power

4、ful Influence+第十三篇 The Old Gate+第十四篇 Family History+第十五篇 Helen and Martin閱讀判斷第七篇 Moderate Earthquake Strikes EnglandA moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007，toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without

5、power1 in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.lt felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,3 said the woman.The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel5，about 8.5 miles

6、 south of Dover6 and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel7.Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me. said Hendr

7、ick van Eck，27，of Canterbury8 about 60 miles southeast of London.I then heard the sound of cracking，and it was getting heavier and heavier9.It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down.There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year，but they are

8、rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham10.The countrys strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931，measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale11. British Geological Survey scientist Roger

9、 Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest erthquakes ever to strike Britain，including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France.12 Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time13 before another earthquake struck this part

10、 of England. However，people should not be scared too much by this prediction，Musson said，as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage

11、 to the minimum.練習:1. During the April 28 earthquake，the whole England was left without power.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2. The Channel Tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3. It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured，b

12、ut not seriously.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned4. France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned5. The countrys strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6. Mus

13、son predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7. It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned*第十一篇Computer MouseThe basic computer mouse is an amazi

14、ngly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting1，drawing，and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. M

15、ost of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think2 how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak，so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Qther computer pointing devices include light pens，graphics ta

16、blets and touch screens，but the mouse is still our workhorse.The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text，it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier

17、motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse，with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983，really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.3How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom，so th

18、ink upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad，it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting de

19、vices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side4. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by，the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place.

20、The LED detects a changing pattern of light，converts the pattern into an electronic signal，and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to

21、position the cursor on the computer screen.So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used.5One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The

22、newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.練習:1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2. According to the author，general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3.

23、The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body，which looks like the tail of a mouse.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned4. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned5. When an ordinary computer mouse gefs dirty，it has to be replaced

24、with a new one.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned概括大意與完成句子第六篇How We Form First lmpression1 We

25、 all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.2The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain

26、 is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a persons eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. Thes

27、e incoming signals are compared against2 a host of memories stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals mean .3 If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says familiar and safe. If you see someone new，it says，new-potentially，threatening. Th

28、en your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other known memories. The height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ， gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，This is new. I dont like this person. Or else，Im intrigued . O

29、r yourbrain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends;so your brain says: I like this person . But these preliminary impressions can be dead wrong44 When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a ve

30、ry young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.5 However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we ha

31、ve a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the persons character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.練習:1. Paragr

32、aph 2_ D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories2. Paragraph 3_ C Illustration Of First Impression3. Paragraph 4_ BComment on First Impression4. Paragraph 5_ AWays Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_. E the sig

33、hts and sounds of the world6. You interpret _ D the meaning of incoming sensory information by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_. C the immature form of thinking of a very young child8

34、. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_. Bthe most complex areas of our cortex第十篇 Washoe Learned American Sign Language1 An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a

35、research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2 . She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ab

36、ility to understand language.2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969，the Gardners described Washoes progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. For example，Washoe m

37、ade signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like，Who is coming to play? Once5 the news about Washoe spread，many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direc

38、tion of primate research changed.3 However，critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory，and per

39、form the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoes keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7 . He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg，Washington. There，Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.4 Scientists like private researcher Jan

40、e Goodall believe8 Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today，there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.5 Debate continues about chimps understanding of human com

41、munication. Yet，one thing is sure - Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.練習:1. Paragraph 1_ C Genera1 Information about Washoe2. Paragraph 2_ B Report about Washoe.s Progress in Learning Sign Language3. Paragraph 3_ E Debate on Chimps Intelligence4. Paragraph 4

42、_ AReason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowdays5. Washoe could make signs to communicate_. C when she wanted to eat6. Some scientists doubted_. Aif the Gardenersargument was sound7. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language_. D while she was at a research center in Ellensbur

43、g8. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent_.E because she could use sign language to ask for fruits閱讀理解第一篇 Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about peoples lives. These stories fall into three general cat

44、egories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a persons life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the persons earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. Howeve

45、r, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，b

46、ut they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recen

47、tly，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone elses life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the

48、 events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A f

49、air well-presented biography may take years to research and write.練習：1. This passage is mostly about _.A. the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies2. Helen Keller wrote_.B. an autobiography3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they_. C. want to present themse

50、lves in a good light4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by_.A. defining it 5. Diverse means_.C. varied or different第八篇 The Changing Middle ClassThe United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privilege

51、s.1 It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have on

52、e. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor，but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.The middle class collectively holds

53、 several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine ones own economic fate. In addition，middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside o

54、neself. 2But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S.News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet 3. Both spouses now worked，as did some of the children; lo

55、ng commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on4 the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle cIass were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding of just what middle cl

56、ass meant was changing.練習：1. The information in this passage deals with_.B) a social and economic group2. A common middle class value is that_.D) the family is very important3. ln the years after World War II，the middle class could be defined as_.C) prosperous and optimistic4. The phrase “In other words in the first paragraph means that the following statement is_.C) a restatement