名詞性從句的教學課件

1、名詞性從句,Grammar,Noun Clause,Can you distinguish THAT-CLAUSE in the two sentences,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again,在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。名詞從句的功能相當于 名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、 表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在 句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為 主語從

2、句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句,一，名詞性從句的基本用法,His job is important,What he does is important,This is his job,This is what he does every day,名詞性從句在功能上相當于名詞,主語,表語,I dont like his job,I dont like what he does every day,I dont know about the man, Mr. White,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher,同位語,賓語,1._ the

3、 baby could speak made his parents very happy. 2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. 3. This is _ he was often late for school. 4. We all know the truth _ the earth _(move) around the sun,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句,Practice,That,whether,why,that,moves,1 That he will succeed is certain . 2 Wh

4、ether he will go there is not known . 3 What he said is not true . 4 Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5 Whoever comes is welcome. 6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet,Subject Clause,主語從句,That we will succeed

5、 is certain .=It is certain that we will succeed,who will give us a talk is unknown at all.It is not known who will give us a talk,賓語從句在句中充當賓語成分（ 可以作謂語動詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動詞的賓語,They know that the habit will kill them. It all depends on whether they will support us . He asked how much I paid for the violin.

6、 He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job . I find it necessary that we should do the homework,Tell the function of the following clauses,2.賓語從句,that, whether，if （ that 常可省略） who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how,連詞,It all depends on whether you hav

7、e enough experience,I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smke here,當whether后緊跟or/or not時,不用if. I dont know whether or not I will stay 介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling,注意,1.Whether和if都可以引導賓語從句,I dont know whether or not I will stay,I worry about whether I hurt her fe

8、eling,在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補+that從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不省略 We must make it clear that we mean what we say. 由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導 的賓語從句中,第二個that 不省略. He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time,2.that在賓語從句中的省略與保留,a .他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的. He believes _ . b .請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么. Please tell me _,his dream will

9、 come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday,賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應,如果主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,從句謂語 可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài),3,他告訴我他正在為考試做準備。 He told me _ . 他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。 He told me _. 老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的。 The teacher told us _,he was preparing for the examination,he had been away from his hometown for ten years,light tr

10、avels in a straight line,如果主句謂語是過去時,從句謂語動詞一般用過去的 某種時態(tài),但從句表達的是客觀事實、真理、自然規(guī) 律等時，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時,The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late . 表語從句:在句中充當表語成分，一般放在連系動詞之后. 作用：對主語進行解釋說明,表語從句,The re

11、ason why we missed was that I was late for the appointment,1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied 2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill,reason 后面的表語從句只能用that 引導, 不能用why 引導, 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why 或者that 引導,在名詞性從句中，我們還須特別注意以下問題,why,that,that,that,注意點,1.The reason _ we di

12、dnt trust him was _ he often lied 2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill,reason 后面的表語從句只能用that 引導, 不能用why 引導, 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why 或者that 引導,在名詞性從句中，我們還須特別注意以下問題,why,that,that,that,同位語從句在句中充當同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news 等）后面，對名詞作進一步解釋說明,同位語從句常用 that 引

13、導或用連接副詞when / where/why / how / whether,1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people . 2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect(視察) them,3) Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness,同位語從句,S

14、ydney made a promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness,Sydney made a promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness,一、名詞性從句的語序,1） 名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種,a. That + 陳述句,That light travels in straight lines is known to all,T

15、his is what we are looking for,名詞性從句考點歸納,b. 疑問詞+句子的剩余成分,2) 疑問詞引導的名詞性從句要求使用陳述句 語序，不能用一般疑問句語序,How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. (,你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎,F,T,T,F,他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎,Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? (,二、名詞性從句連接

16、詞的選用,1）that 和what 的選用,that 和 what 都可引導所有的名詞從句。但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用,that / what,1._ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention

17、 to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,a. 主語從句b. 表語從句c. 同位語從句e. 介詞后的賓語從句f. whether to do 做動詞賓語不能用if to do.g whether or not 連在一起引導賓語從句時不用if,2）if 和whether 的選用,不能使用if 的情況,1. I asked her _ she had a

18、bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I

19、 dont know _ to go,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,if / whether,3）其它連接代詞和副詞的連用,主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義,正確的選擇who、which、when、where、why、 how 等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時在從句中充當各種成分,我們何時舉行運動會還沒有決定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。I dont know _ bro

20、ke the glass yesterday.我不知道他長的什么樣子。I have no idea _ he looks like.這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。This is _ I left my glasses,When,who,what,where,that 可省略的情況,that不可省略的情況：主語從句表語從句同位語從句用it做形式賓語的賓語從句并列的賓語從句中的后幾個從句的引導詞that 不能省略,4）引導詞that 的省略,單個賓語從句中的that可省略,1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a

21、 mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless .4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that/ (that,1.同位語從句的格式： 2.能接同位語從句的名詞有： 3.連接

22、詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用,5）同位語從句的引導和辨別,n.+ 連接詞 + 從句,order, belief, suggestion, advice ,information等,whether, what, when, where 等來引導同位語從句,fact、idea, news,1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more

23、 exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win,where,how,that,that,whether,that/ whether / where/ how,1.定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當一個句子成分，充當從句的賓語成分時可省略,2.同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進一步的解釋和說明，表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導同位語從句的that 在同位語從句中不做任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略,6）同位語從句和定語

24、從句的區(qū)別,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again,1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value,AT,AP,AP,AT,

25、Attributive or Appositive,He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now,名詞demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣,結(jié)構(gòu)為 should + do, should 可省略,注意點,二，名詞性從句五大常考考點,考點一：區(qū)別that , what與which 考點二：區(qū)別whether 與if 考點三：it與名詞性從句 考點四：區(qū)別 what, whatever, 與 no matter what . 考點五：名詞性從句的語序,考點1：A:

26、連接詞that與what 的區(qū)別,What he said makes me happy. That a new teacher will come is true,that 只起連接作用，無意義，在從句中不充當任 何成分,且在賓語從句中有時可省。 what既起連接作用, 又在從句中作主語, 賓語,表語 (且在名詞性從句中只有what可作表語,_ made him fail is _ he was lazy. 2. China is no longer _ it used to be. 3. I work in _ is called the Hometown of Nvwa. 4. We e

27、xpress the hope _they will come to visit China again. 5. We all hope _ we will be admitted to university next year, and _ all of our teachers will be healthy and happy forever,What,that,what,what,that,that,that/,B : what (什么) / which ( 表選擇, 哪一個,1. - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is ? -He may live

28、at No. 8 or No. 9 of Bridge Street. I am not sure of _. 2. I read about it in some book or Internet. Does it matter _ it was,what,which,which,C : that 引導不同的從句,Do you know the fact that he won the first prize,Do you know the fact that they were talking about,同從,定從,定語從句是對先行詞起修飾限定作用，而同位語從句則解釋說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容

29、,考點2. 區(qū)別if與whether,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not he is free now. 3. The question is _ this book is worth reading. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can master the grammar matters a lot to their homework,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether

30、,請你歸納,a主語從句 b表語從句 c同位語從句 d.介詞后的賓語從句 e.whether or not 直接連用時不用if,只能使用whether 的情況,請你歸納,_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 2. The argument _ well have a sports meeting remains to be settled. 3. Im thinking about_ they will support us. 4. We didnt know _ or not she was ready,Whether,wheth

31、er,whether,whether,Have a try,1.他犯了那樣一個錯誤真是遺憾。 _ is a pity . 2.真奇怪他今天沒有來上學。 _ is strange,It is strange that,That he made such a mistake,It is a pity that,考點 3 ：it與名詞性從句,A:it 作形式主語,That he was absent from school,用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu),1) It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact that 事實是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is common k

32、nowledge that 是常識 (2) It is 形容詞 從句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) It is 過去分詞 從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報道 It has been proved that 已證實 It is said that 據(jù)說 (4) It 不及物動詞 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎,It is widely accepted _ the earth goes around the sun. A.

33、 while B. that C. if D. for,that,That the earths goes around the sun is widely accepted,it 指代后面從句所敘述的內(nèi)容,常用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it + if 或when從句,B:it 作形式賓語,make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that,I have made it my habit that I get up before 6:30 everyday,I would appr

34、eciate it if you would turn the music down,1. I have to make clear that he told a lie. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 ) A. this B. that C. it D. one 3. 他認為從現(xiàn)在開始努力學習趕上他人是有可能的. He thinks it possible _ _,C,that he works hard to catch up with others,it,_ 等引導的名詞性從句不含有疑

35、問意義，相當于名詞后加一個定語從句，_等引導的名詞性從句含有疑問意義,請你歸納,whoever, whatever,Who, what,考點4.what,whatever,who,whoever,Who will take the position isnt decided,1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2._ we need is more time. 3._ has taken away my bag is unknown. 4._ breaks the law will be punished,Whatever,What,Who,Whoev

36、er,Anything that,Anyone who,No matter who destroys the forest will be punished,no matter 只能引導狀語從句， ever既可引導狀語從句又可以引導名詞性從句,no matter who/what與whoever /whatever,Whoever destroys the forest will be punished . （,考點5 語序問題,1.The teacher suggested that we should pay enough attention to reading and writng.

37、2. Could you tell me where you think the accident happened? 3. Whether you are happy depends on your attitude,關聯(lián)詞在從句之首，如有插入語， 其緊跟在關聯(lián)詞后，其他一定用陳述語序,_,1.I think it necessary _ we have the meeting 2. _ I like best is your handwrting. 3. _ I like the book best is known to everyone. 4. I want to know _ maj

38、or she will choose between English and Chinese . 5. _ he felt puzzled was _ this problem was hard for him to deal with. 6. He is from _ Chairman Mao was born-Hunan,.請?zhí)顚戇m當?shù)囊龑г~,that,What,which,Why,where,that,That,先判斷是什么從句 2.若是名詞性從句，“缺什么填什么” (指從句句型結(jié)構(gòu)與連詞之間的關系,1.I think it necessary _ we have the meeting

39、 2. _ I like best is your handwrting. 3. _ I like the book best is known to everyone. 4. I want to know _ major she will choose between English and Chinese . 5. _ he felt puzzled was _ this problem was hard for him to deal with. 6. He is from _ Chairman Mao was born-Hunan,.請?zhí)顚戇m當?shù)囊龑г~,that,What,which,Why,where,that,That,三 Homework,劃出從句并判斷從句類型。 1. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 2. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 3. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 4. Whoever breaks