英語(yǔ)發(fā)音與正音6.ppt

1、英語(yǔ)發(fā)音與正音,上節(jié)內(nèi)容回顧,現(xiàn)在的美國(guó)普通話，主要體現(xiàn)的是17世紀(jì)英國(guó)英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)。 盡管美國(guó)英語(yǔ)分為3大部分，但是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)在發(fā)音上還是相當(dāng)一致的。 英國(guó)本土雖小，但方言眾多，而且各方言之間在發(fā)音上的區(qū)別相當(dāng)大。 總體而言，GA和GB 發(fā)音相同的地方遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)發(fā)音不同的地方。 GB中的writer, 發(fā)音類似rider; It doesnt matter, 類似于It doesnt madder,診斷性測(cè)試,Sam is a worker, yet he never goes to work on Tuesday. Mr Sampson is a bank clerk, he had a tig

2、ht schedule last week. Its half past five. Lets hurry to dance. It doesnt matter, the vase isnt new after all,Open the door, we have a staff of eleven here and its too stuffy . The manager has never seen the worker before. Can you cure him, doctor? well, er, Im not quite sure. It depends,A big pig i

3、s sleeping on a ship Do you see the key on that seat? The pink one is very pretty. But its a bit too big. _Whats wrong? _Nothings wrong. _Come on, Somethings wrong. Nothing much,發(fā)音練習(xí) a dirty shirt cover girl complimentary words murmur Herbert a terrific skirt a wonderful dancer pressure cooker worke

4、r a critical buyer a regular customer,pass the exam last term take a bath staff members half past five a narrow chance have a good command of Turkish plant a bomb,its hot today. Hes just lost his job Doctors are badly needed here. object contrary to popular belief,right further hard parse large pola

5、r car seller market nursery garden manager fur cardboard smart,pretty better water writing writer rider latter ladder It doesnt matter,tube Tuesday attitude duty dew new lure produce,listen to the rhythm of the falling rain telling me just what a fool I ve been I wish that it would go and let me cry

6、 in vain and let me be along again the only girl I care about has gone away looking for a aband new start but little does she know that when she left that day along with her she took my heart rain please tell me now does that seem fair for her to steal my heart away when she don t care I can t love

7、another when my heart s somewhere far away rain won t you tell her that I love her so please ask the sun to set her heart aglow rain in her heart and let the love we know start to grow Oh listen to the falling rain di li ad la,oceans apart day after dayand i slowly go insanei hear your voice on the

8、linebut it doesn t stop the painif i see you next to neverhow can we say foreverwherever you gowhatever you doi will be right here waiting for youwhatever it takesor how my heart breaksi will be right here waiting for youi took for granted all the timesthat i thought would last somehowi hear the lau

9、ghteri taste the tearsbut i can t get near you nowoh can t you see it babyyou ve got me going crazyi wonder how we can survive this romancebut in the end if i m with youi ll take the chanceoh can t you see it babyyou ve got me going crazywaiting for you,本節(jié)課授課目標(biāo),GA和GB在發(fā)音上的區(qū)別（2） 前元音和中元音的發(fā)音,出現(xiàn)在/r/前面的重讀

10、元音，如hero、Mary、siren、floury, GB往往在這些重讀元音后加上/ /(buyer的畫線元音)之后再讀/r/以及/r/之后的音。但是GA卻不加/ /。 hero period Irish Mary siren parent floury plural tourist during furious,有些單詞，GA和GB的發(fā)音很不相同。 clerk missile hurry ate been vacation advertisement quinine neither either epoch leisure schedule vase,關(guān)于元音,元音分類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 1. 舌位

11、的前后 2. 舌位的高低（下顎的高低/口腔的開(kāi)合） 3. 唇的形狀,前元音指舌頭最高點(diǎn)的位置在舌頭的前部，舌尖一般接近下齒背。 央元音指發(fā)音時(shí)，舌頭較中間的部分最高,前元音的發(fā)音 /i:/ 發(fā)/i:/時(shí)，舌頭的前部最高，下顎位置很高，因此口腔較閉。雙唇舒平，舌頭肌肉緊張，時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)。 GA和GB中/i:/的讀音與漢語(yǔ)普通話中的“衣”相似，但舌位較“衣”要稍微低一些，而且不帶任何摩擦。 常見(jiàn)的字母及字母組合有：e, ee, ea, ie,he; she; we; even; Peter see; sleep; free; green; between; indeed eat; tea; sea;

12、beach; reach piece; niece; thief; believe machine; key; phoenix,tick; Dick 發(fā)/i/時(shí)，舌位較/i:/稍低，口稍開(kāi)。雙唇舒平，舌頭肌肉放松，很松懈地發(fā)出，時(shí)間較短。 英語(yǔ)中的/i/和漢語(yǔ)普通話中的“我是一個(gè)兵”的“兵”的元音相似。 big; pig; this; sister busy; business city; baby; rhythm; symbol quick; quiz; guitar; building money; honey; monkey,red, best /e/ 從舌位上看，發(fā)/e/時(shí)，舌前部比/

13、i/稍稍下降，口也張得稍大一些，肌肉較松弛，時(shí)間也較短。 red, best, pen, when, lesson, better, letter. ready, weather, pleasant, already friend guest request,bag 這是四個(gè)前元音中舌位最低，口形最大的前元音。漢語(yǔ)普通話中沒(méi)有口形這么大的前元音。因此我們的缺點(diǎn)往往是開(kāi)口度不夠。 bed; bad; sad; said cat, fat, map, lab exam, example * half; aircraft; cant; chance; dance; answer; glass, pa

14、ss; ask; fast,中元音,卷舌的中元音 發(fā)該音時(shí)，口展開(kāi)的程度是中等，舌頭中間部分較高，同時(shí)舌尖向硬腭全部卷起，肌肉緊張，重讀，雙唇舒展，時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)。這是GA中特有的音。 此音和漢語(yǔ)普通話“阿彌陀佛”中的“啊”相似。發(fā)音時(shí)舌中部稍抬起，口形扁平，然后將舌尖向上齒齦后部卷起，加上“兒化”動(dòng)作。這是美語(yǔ)中的音位,her, term; person; perhaps; paper fur; hurt; church; hurry; curtain; Thursday; surprise; pleasure sir; shirt; skirt; first; thirty; thirsty; girl Word; world; worry; color; doctor; neighbor; actor Earn; earth; learn; early; Dollar; collar; similar; regular,無(wú)兒化動(dòng)作的中元音ago. 該元音是永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)重讀的中元音。非常廣泛地出現(xiàn)在清讀音節(jié)中，發(fā)音模糊、短促，語(yǔ)言學(xué)中被稱為schwa.比如： ago, about; again; agree china, banana; Cocacola; pizza fetus,Bus 該音位是中央元音中舌位比較低，口比較開(kāi)的語(yǔ)言。 在GA