《Simplorer7教程》

1、Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 1 6/28/2005,Ansoft Corporation ,Simplorer V7Basic Training 1st Day,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 2 6/28/2005,1st Day Content,System structure and background Circuit Simulation Examples #1, #2 Block Diagram Simulation Example #3 State Machine Simulation Example #4, 4a, 5, 6, 7 Overview of

2、 Additional Libraries Automotive, Mechsim, Power, IST-Library Additional Information - AC-Analysis - VHDL-AMS - C-Interface - Matlab-Simulink-Interface,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 3 6/28/2005,Power X, Y, and Z are the operands and := and + are the operators,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 39 6/28/2005,Integration Par

3、ameters,Minimum and maximum step size settings,Solver,Itermax is the maximum number of iterations for one simulation step,IEMAX / VEMAX is the maximum current / voltage error,Advanced step mode,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 40 6/28/2005,Basic Rules for Choice of Time Step,Proper choice of minimum and maximum

4、 integration step size is very important for correct simulation results,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 41 6/28/2005,Advanced Step Mode,1. Check “Advanced Step Mode“ 2. Number of Equal Steps If 0: Maximal acceleration of the simulation. 3. Step Acceleration Damping % If 0: No damping, maximal acceleration of t

5、he simulation For cases of an instable behavior the parameters under 2. and 3. can be increased,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 42 6/28/2005,Section 2 Circuit Simulation,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 43 6/28/2005,SIMPLORER Schematic,Tool Bars,Libraries,Drawing Area,Warnings, Errors and Messages Area,Library Components,

6、Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 44 6/28/2005,Circuit Simulator - Algorithms,Modified Nodal Approach: potential at every node, conduction between nodes Euler implicit (slower) and trapezoid integration (faster) algorithms Linear and nonlinear, expression and externally controlled passive components and sources

7、Linear and nonlinear internally controlled sources Variable time step determination with user defined upper (hmax) and lower (hmin) limit,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 45 6/28/2005,Direction Conventions,Note: The red dot characterizes the pin, where the current is considered being positive entering the compo

8、nent,passive element such as resistance,voltage source,R.V = V(a) - V(b,a,b,a,b,E1.EMF = V(b) - V(a,E1.V = V(a) - V(b,E1.EMF = V(a) - V(b) Spice convention,R,E1,voltage,voltage) (EMF,current,current,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 46 6/28/2005,Ground Node,Note: Do not forget the ground node for each separate c

9、ircuit,1. Right Mouse Click on the sheet,2. Connect Toolbar,3. Connect Menu,Three ways to add a ground node,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 47 6/28/2005,Electrical Components,Component Symbol,Component Properties,Component Name,Component Parameters & Settings,Electrical Components have ideal connectivity, line

10、 resistances, inductance etc. have to be added separately,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 48 6/28/2005,Nonlinear Resistance,The voltage-current relation is defined by a nonlinear characteristic,Drag the resistor into the sheet,Select Nonlinear I=f(v) And click the Characteristic button,Select Reference or Look

11、-up Table,Double click on the resistor to get the property window,Enter the values here,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 49 6/28/2005,Nonlinear Components,The voltage-current relation is defined by an equation,Drag the resistor into the sheet,Double click on the resistor to get the property window,Define the va

12、riable that specifies the resistor value. value*10 value is defined elsewhere in the sheet,Change the name of the resistor,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 50 6/28/2005,Output and Display Definition,Right mouse click on component and select Properties, Output/Display Show and hide parameters on the component, d

13、efine outputs,Note: Enable Viewtool under Sheet Properties,To DAY postprocessor,Display Options,To Viewtool,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 51 6/28/2005,How to Define an Output,Right mouse click,The default output quantities already predefined here,Online analog output, displayed in ViewTool or QuickView autom

14、atically,File (database) output,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 52 6/28/2005,Voltage Source,Can be a constant, equation, or externally controlled The value of an equation controlled component is determined from the result of the equation,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 53 6/28/2005,Controlled Voltage Source,Linear or non

15、linear Controlled by measured quantity: either voltage or current,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 54 6/28/2005,Switches and Semiconductors,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 55 6/28/2005,Switches and Semiconductors,Ideal switches and semiconductor - system level,Semiconductor - device level,Spice compatible models,Simplorer

16、_Day 1, pg. 56 6/28/2005,Other Components / Basic Library,DC motor,3ph motor,1ph transformer,3ph transformer,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 57 6/28/2005,Other Components / Basic Library,Measurement (Electrical,Measurement (Fluid,Measurement (Magnetic,Measurement (Mechanical,Measurement (Thermal,Simplorer_Day

17、1, pg. 58 6/28/2005,Other Components / Basic Library,Signal Characteristics,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 59 6/28/2005,Nonlinear Components X-Y-Relation,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 60 6/28/2005,Useful Things Right Mouse Click,Right Mouse Click on an element opens the object menu with most common functions,Right Mou

18、se Click on an area of the tool bar opens the object menu to turn ON or OFF tool bars,Right Mouse Click on an empty area of the sheet opens the sheet object menu with general setting, wiring, etc,Sheet,Toolbar,Component,Folder,Element,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 61 6/28/2005,Data Reduction,Right mouse clic

19、k in the sheet,In Result Database tab, Select data reduction,Tool to reduce the size of the output file by reducing the frequency of saving simulation steps Does not impact previously solved projects,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 62 6/28/2005,Graphics and Display Settings,Right mouse click in the sheet and s

20、elect Outputs / Viewtool to limit data displayed in Viewtool,Set Y-Axis Limits For Display,Display Selected Period Only,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 63 6/28/2005,Page Setup and System Settings,Select Sheet/ Properties/ Page Size,Select Sheet/ Properties/ System,For automatic start of Viewtool, check here,Si

21、mplorer_Day 1, pg. 64 6/28/2005,Integration Formula,Ideal Oscillator,Euler,Trapezoidal,Select integration method using: Simulation/ Parameters The integration formula influences the result: Trapezoidal is fast but may be instable (default) Euler (basic with stiffness method) is fast and stable but d

22、ampens,Hmin=10u Hmax=100m,Hmin=10u Hmax=10m,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 65 6/28/2005,Output Display with 2D View,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 66 6/28/2005,Quick View / Sliding Window,Right mouse click,Check the Range box and set the value of the sliding window of the graphic,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 67 6/28/2005,Quick

23、 View / Multiple Axis,Click on yellow folder to add a second y-axis,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 68 6/28/2005,Place Holders (text boxes,Click on Draw / Text and place it in the sheet Right mouse click,Select and insert the item,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 69 6/28/2005,Advanced Settings for Time Functions,Simplorer

24、_Day 1, pg. 70 6/28/2005,Advanced Settings for Time Functions,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 71 6/28/2005,DAY Post Processing,IEEE 488.2 Data Interface (GPIB) Graphical and numerical data analysis and representation Power Module Channel Calculator FFT Presentation Mode Matlab and Mathcad Integration,Simplorer

25、_Day 1, pg. 72 6/28/2005,Compatibility,MS-Office compatible Read and write Excel, Access Copy & Paste to and from Word, PowerPoint, Excel Windows Printing Support Data Format compatible ASCII Access (*.mdb) Excel (*.xls) CSV (*.csv) Comtrade (*.cfg) SPICE (*.out) TEK Oscilloscope data (*.dat,Simplor

26、er_Day 1, pg. 73 6/28/2005,Example #1Varistor - Nonlinear Resistance,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 74 6/28/2005,Example Problem #1Varistor - Nonlinear Resistance,The varistor model is defined as a nonlinear characteristic using a 2D look up table from within the resistor component. The data can be obtained d

27、irectly from a measurement device via the SIMPLORER IEEE-interface or entered manually,Simulation properties: Simulation End Time 100m Minimum Time Step 10u Maximum Time Step 1m,Use the default “time controlled” values for the source,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 75 6/28/2005,Circuit Setup,Add a Voltage Sour

28、ce, Inductor, and 2 Resistors From The Basic Components Library,Dont Forget the Ground,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 76 6/28/2005,Nonlinear Resistor,Click on “yellow corner box” and enter values,Save to a file or Read a data file,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 77 6/28/2005,Simulation Result,To add a new plot: On toolb

29、ar, select 2D View icon (or) from library, select Displays/ 2D View To scale quantities, RMB on plot and select Best Representation,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 78 6/28/2005,How to Display the Characteristic,Add one 2D View (con) and two Data from simulation,Note: the ConnectGraph consists of 2 parts: the C

30、onnectGraph and the associated 2D view,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 79 6/28/2005,Settings and Results,Connect channel1 to X terminal,Set R2.V for channel1,Connect channel2 to Y1 terminal,Set R2.I for channel2,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 80 6/28/2005,Example #2DC Drive for aPermanent Magnet DC Motor,Simplorer_Day 1

31、, pg. 81 6/28/2005,Example Problem #2DC Drive,Period of the input sine wave is 16.666ms - Hmax = 16.666m/20 Steps = 0.833ms, we use Hmax = 0.5m and Tend = 200ms,= LA/RA = 10mH/1 = 10ms - Hmin = 10ms/20 Steps = 0.5ms, we use Hmin = Hmax/100 = 0.005ms,Four Static Diodes,AC Voltage Source,DC Motor,Time

32、step choice,Time constant,Note: Dont forget the ground,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 82 6/28/2005,Diode Definition,Clone the component by dragging with pressed CTRL key,Choose equivalent line diode type,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 83 6/28/2005,Voltage Source,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 84 6/28/2005,Electrical Machine DC P

33、ermanent Magnet Excitation,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 85 6/28/2005,Simulation resultsNo control, no load and static diodes,Note: Add title blocks using Draw/ Text,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 86 6/28/2005,Section 3Block DiagramSimulator,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 87 6/28/2005,Block Diagram Simulator,Distributed integra

34、tion algorithm Linear, non linear and external controlled analog blocks Digital closed loop control systems using discrete transfer functions Mixed digital and analog control system simulation in one model,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 88 6/28/2005,Blocks,Continuous,Discrete,Signal Processing,Math,Simplorer_

35、Day 1, pg. 89 6/28/2005,Digital Control Capabilities,Example: filter for motor control,Sampling time is set locally for blocks (such as inputs) which use a sample time You may want longer sampling time than time-step,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 90 6/28/2005,Example #3 Transfer Function Step Response,Simplo

36、rer_Day 1, pg. 91 6/28/2005,Example Problem #3 Transfer Function Step Response,1,Transfer Function G(s,4.87,1 + 5s + 6.25s2,STEP,Numerator Order: 0 Denominator Order: 2,Input,Summation Block,Output,Transfer Function,Goal of this example is to model a process,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 92 6/28/2005,Model D

37、efinition,4. Set Sample Time locally,Tend = 100 Hmin = 10m Hmax = 1,B0 4.87,A0 1 A1 5 A2 6.25,1. Add S-Transfer function,2. Add step input,Note: This is voltage response for “uncontrolled” process,3. Add transfer function coefficients,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 93 6/28/2005,With Feed Back,Tend = 20 Hmin =

38、 10m Hmax = 100m,5. Add feedback loop using negator block,Note: This is voltage response for “controlled” process,Use Element/Rotate and Element/Flip to align,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 94 6/28/2005,With PID Controller,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 95 6/28/2005,Schematic and Result,Tend = 20 Hmin = 10m Hmax = 100m

39、,Note: This is voltage response for “controlled” process with KP = 0.5, KI = 0, and KD = 0,6. Add integrator and derivative blocks 7. Need to add 3rd input pin to SUM2,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 96 6/28/2005,Step Response With PID (Optimized,Tend = 20 Hmin = 10m Hmax = 100m,7. Modify coefficients in gain,

40、 integrator, and derivative blocks,Note: This is voltage response for “controlled” process with optimized PID coefficients KP = 1, KI = 0.1, and KD = 1,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 97 6/28/2005,Section 4State MachineSimulation,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 98 6/28/2005,State Machine Simulator,State machine simulator

41、 is based on well known PETRI-net theory Integrated, system wide expressions and equations both arithmetical and logical Event driven simulation Process state dependent modification of almost any SIMPLORER system parameter including integration parameters and blocks Especially for discontinuous proc

42、esses,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 99 6/28/2005,State Machines,Behavioral Modeling,Smart Models, state dependent simulation parameter modification,State dependent modification of system quantities, parameters and topologies,Measurement and computation of characteristic values online during Simulation,Simplo

43、rer_Day 1, pg. 100 6/28/2005,Basic Concept of a State Machine,activity 1.n,activity 1.n,activity 1.n,activity 1.n,activity 1.n,activity 1.n,INPUT State,Crossover Condition,Transition,OUTPUT State,I1,I2,I3,O1,O2,O3,Define the “activity” to occur at each input state,Define the “activity” to occur at e

44、ach output state,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 101 6/28/2005,Almost As Writing a Program,Sequential,Parallel Processes,Cycle,Loop,Synchronization,Alternative,IF-THEN-ELSE,Note: Many different kinds of processes can be simulated,If a 10,If a10,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 102 6/28/2005,Observation and Modification,Pr

45、ocess (Model,evaluate system quantities and simulation state at the transition,evaluate system quantities and simulation state at the transition,activities,activities,activities,Influence the process modifying component parameters and values,The state machine is controlling the process,Simplorer_Day

46、 1, pg. 103 6/28/2005,Example #4 Single-phase Inverter Bridge,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 104 6/28/2005,Example Problem #4Single-phase Inverter Bridge,DC to AC,Input voltage source,Inverter bridge,Resultant current output,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 105 6/28/2005,Circuit Topology,All semiconductors use the same n

47、onlinear characteristic (equivalent line) defined in the component property. The transistors are controlled “digitally” by a state machine with variables carrying the on/off information. For transistors, set control signals: TSV1, TSV2, TSV3, TSV4,1. Current flow when TR1 and TR4 are on,2. Current f

48、low when TR2 and TR3 are on,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 106 6/28/2005,Switching Control,Dont forget to set the initial state,Turn ON / OFF the activity mark by clicking this interaction pad,Initial Values (only updated at t=0,Permanent Computation of values (updated at each timestep,ON14,ON23,R_LOAD.I = I_

49、UPR,EQU,I_REF := A * sin(OMEGA * t,I_LOW := I_REF - D * A,I_UPR := I_REF + D * A,R_LOAD.I = I_LOW,SET: TSV1:=1,SET: TSV2:=0,SET: TSV3:=0,SET: TSV4:=1,SET: TSV1:=0,SET: TSV2:=1,SET: TSV3:=1,SET: TSV4:=0,ICA,A := 30,freq := 60,D := 0.1,OMEGA := 2 * PI * freq,Reference current waveform Lower bounds Upp

50、er bounds,Current Frequency Duty cycle,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 107 6/28/2005,ICA and EQU Definition,Name of each individual ICA or EQU element on the sheet, dont display,Click here to create a new variable or to create an “if” statement,Change the computation sequence or delete a definition,List of the

51、 defined variables and expressions,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 108 6/28/2005,Action (activity) Types,Click here to enter a new action and select the appropriate type,Permanent computation of the variable at each computation time step before the circuit simulator Permanent computation of the variable at eac

52、h computation time step Permanent computation of the variable at each valid time step Set a variable once upon activation of the state Specify a delay Activation of the state upon a key on the keyboard is pressed,Simulator Control Activities,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 109 6/28/2005,How to Display Actions,

53、Display type 6 was implemented for the visualization of activities,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 110 6/28/2005,Name References,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 111 6/28/2005,Simulation Result,Tend = 20m Hmin = 10u Hmax = 1m,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 112 6/28/2005,Checking of Simulation Results(Using Single Phase Inverter Bri

54、dge,Drop the SIMPARAM-Box on the Sheet (In:Basic-Lib-Tools) Watch: R_LOAD.I, I_UPR, I_LOW , ITERATIONS and STEPSIZE (from SIMPARAM-Box,Simulation Result (Display,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 113 6/28/2005,Study of Simulation Results(Single Phase Inverter Bridge,Enlarged Simulation Result (Display) Including

55、 Number of Iterations and Stepsize (From SIMPARAM-Box) Remark: (R_LOAD.I=I_UPR) Equal Sign in Transition of State Graph: In the moment of processing: STEPSIZE:= HMIN (pink characteristic !) Number of Iterations decreases (20,Removing of GROUND in the circuit: Number of Iterations is increasing to IT

56、ERMAX = 20 ! Error in Handling of the Jacobian Matrix! -No Comparison point ! If Iterations=ITERMAX (not only at one simulation step): IEmax and VEmax are not reached ! Simulation contains errors,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 114 6/28/2005,Example # 4 (continued)One Phase Inverter with Dynamic IGBTs,Purpose:

57、 To compare the steps of generating this sheet with Ex #4 Single-Phase Inverter“ To present one application under nearly practical conditions with the dynamic IGBTs,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 115 6/28/2005,Example # 4 (continued)One Phase Inverter with Dynamic IGBTs,Additional States neccessary because of

58、 the internal IGBT Capacities = Re-Load-Process in the capacitors,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 116 6/28/2005,Example # 4 (continued)One Phase Inverter with Dynamic IGBTs,Switching-Piks of the IGBT-Collector-Current,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 117 6/28/2005,Example #5 Online Measurement,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 118 6/2

59、8/2005,Example Problem #5Online Measurement,Process (Model,evaluate system quantities and simulation state at the transition,evaluate system quantities and simulation state at the transition,mathematical computations,mathematical computations,mathematical computations,Use system quantities to comput

60、e characteristic values, max/min,Simplorer_Day 1, pg. 119 6/28/2005,Online Measurement - Example,period,5ms,Goal is to determine the period and frequency of the current ripple from the previous example Will monitor the time between 2 consecutive peaks, after a 5msec waiting period,Simplorer_Day 1, p