CSR企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任

1、1 Corporate Social Responsibility （CSR） Forum 企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任（CSR 論壇2 Position Paper 2008/09 建議書（ 2008 年 9 月）3 In troduction to the CSR ForumCSR 論壇簡(jiǎn)介4 The Corporate Social Responsibility （CSR） Forum was established in Beijing in the spring of 2005 and in Shanghai two years later. 企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任（CSR 論壇于 2005年春在北京創(chuàng)立，并

2、于 兩年后在上海舉行。5 The CSR Forum serves as a platform for European enterprises operating in China to exchange experiences and provide practical information to support their responsible business practices in China. CSR論壇為歐洲企業(yè)在中國(guó)的經(jīng)營(yíng)充當(dāng)了一個(gè)平臺(tái)，它們可在這個(gè)平臺(tái)上交流經(jīng) 驗(yàn)、提供活動(dòng)信息，以支持它們?cè)谥袊?guó)有責(zé)任感的業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)。6 The CSR Forum is an event-

3、driven platform that regularly organises seminars with topics that are of in terest to all European Chamber members. CSR論壇是一個(gè)由事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的平臺(tái)，這定 期舉辦的研討會(huì)所討論的話題都事關(guān)所有歐盟商會(huì)成員的切身利益。7 The aim is to share CSR experiences in China, exchange best practice, improve the understanding of different approaches and expecta

4、tions and where possible, to collectively find solutions to challenges in implementing responsible business practice in order to facilitate the creation of harmonious and sustainable business practice in China. 研討會(huì)的目標(biāo)是分享 CSR 在中國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、交流最好的活動(dòng)、提高對(duì)不同措施和期望的理解以及在可能的情況下，共 同為在實(shí)施有責(zé)任的業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)中所出現(xiàn)的挑戰(zhàn)而找到解決方案，從而促進(jìn)在中國(guó)

5、創(chuàng)立和諧 而持續(xù)發(fā)展的業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)。8 The European Chamber has organised seminars and meetings on supply chain management, corporate governance practices, labour issues, the environment, health and safety practices and engaging with the community and NGOs in China, amongst others. 歐盟商會(huì)已經(jīng)舉辦了許多 研討會(huì)和會(huì)議，如：供應(yīng)鏈管理、公司管理實(shí)務(wù)、勞工問題

6、以及環(huán)境、健康與安全方面的 活動(dòng)等，得到了中國(guó)的社區(qū)和非政府組織的參與。9 The CSR Forum has also benefited from specialised CSR training from CSR Asia, a non-profit organi sation based in Ho ng Kong. CSR論壇還從由 CSR亞洲協(xié)會(huì)（設(shè)立在香港的非盈利性組 織）專門提供的CSR培訓(xùn)中獲益菲淺。10 In June 2008, the European Chamber organised a two-day CSRconference jointly with theC

7、hina Europe Intern ati onal Busin ess School （CEIBS） on “ Resp on siblCompetitive ness in China from Concept to Implementation w”hi,ch was attended by over 200 people from Chinese and foreign businesses, non-governmental organisations, academics and government officials. 2008 年6月，歐盟商會(huì)與中歐國(guó)際工商學(xué)院（ CEIB

8、S聯(lián)合舉辦了為期兩天的CSR研討會(huì)，其主題為“中國(guó)有責(zé)任的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)-從概念到實(shí)施”，來自于中外企業(yè)、非政府組織、學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體以及政府部門的 200 多人出席了此研討會(huì)。11 The theme for the conference was chosen in response to a real demand by companies operating in China to discourage irresponsible behaviour by companies, which can result in costs whether in the form of fines, damage t

9、o a brand or reputation, labour disputes or product recalls due to safety concerns. 會(huì)議主旨的選擇正好回應(yīng)了中國(guó)的公司在運(yùn)營(yíng)中出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求， 對(duì)企業(yè)不負(fù)責(zé)任的行為加以阻止，因?yàn)檫@些行為將會(huì)產(chǎn)生各種各樣的費(fèi)用。這些費(fèi)用可能 是以罰款形式出現(xiàn)的，可能是對(duì)品牌或企業(yè)聲譽(yù)損害，可能是勞工紛爭(zhēng)，也可能是由于安 全問題而發(fā)生的產(chǎn)品召回。12 Many critics note that it is difficult enough for a company to be competitive in China with

10、out having to be “responsible” too. 許多評(píng)論家指出：對(duì)于一個(gè)企業(yè)，要想在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)上具 有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力簡(jiǎn)直太難了，除非它也不得不“負(fù)有責(zé)任感”。13 However, more and more companies understand the fact that it is imperative to broaden their view of the bottom line to account for CSR since doing so can not only mitigate risks, but also improve customer loyalt

11、y and staff retention in some cases. 然而，越來越多的企業(yè)明白 了一個(gè)事實(shí)，即參與 CSR論壇必定會(huì)拓寬它們看待問題的底線，因?yàn)橹灰@樣做了，不僅 可以減輕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，還可提高客戶的忠誠(chéng)度以及員工在某些情況下的承受能力。14 The business case for a C S R strategy to be successful is similar to that of other initiatives within a bus in ess.在CSR戰(zhàn)略中，成功的業(yè)務(wù)案例與一個(gè)企業(yè)的其它措施很相似。15 Like in any other projec

12、t, companies must define goals for CSR, work to achieve them and continuously review and improve the process. 如同在其它項(xiàng)目中的目標(biāo)一 樣，企業(yè)必須為 CSR制定一個(gè)目標(biāo)，通過采取行動(dòng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)它，并且對(duì)整個(gè)過程不斷進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)和改進(jìn)。16 The willingness of the government to work side by side with companies to ensure that their efforts are being rewarded through la

13、bour compliance, environmental protection or the establishment of public-private partnerships is crucial, particularly in China. 政府愿意同企業(yè) 進(jìn)行肩并肩地密切合作，這確保企業(yè)所作出的努力通過員工的遵紀(jì)守法以及對(duì)環(huán)境的保護(hù) 而受到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，也就是說，在中國(guó)建立一種公私伙伴關(guān)系是至關(guān)重要的。17 Transparency in the application of regulations is also vital in China where increased tra

14、de isbecoming a strong driver of CSR practices. 在法律的適應(yīng)性上，其透明度在中國(guó)也同樣至關(guān) 重要，因?yàn)樵谥袊?guó)不斷增長(zhǎng)的貿(mào)易正成為CSR活動(dòng)的重要推動(dòng)器。18 CSR strategies will enable globalising Chinese companies to make a positive impression when investing in foreign countries and allow them to make more attractive debuts on overseas stock excha nges

15、. CSR戰(zhàn)略使全球化的中國(guó)企業(yè)對(duì)在國(guó)外進(jìn)行投資留下積極的印象，并允許他們 以更加吸引人的姿態(tài)在海外的股票交易所中閃亮登場(chǎng)。19 Already some Chinese companies are including CSRreports aspart of their particulars forNASDAQ list in gs.部分中國(guó)企業(yè)已經(jīng)將 CSR的報(bào)告作為一部分納入它們?yōu)樵诩{斯達(dá)克(NASDAQ上市而準(zhǔn)備的材料之中。20 CSR in China CSR在中國(guó)21 The European Commission regards CSRas an aspect of the E

16、uropean social model and ameans of defending solidarity, cohesion and equal opportunities against a backdrop of increasing global competitio n.歐盟委員會(huì)將CSR視為在全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益增長(zhǎng)的背景之下歐洲社會(huì)模型的一個(gè)方面以及對(duì)統(tǒng)一、團(tuán)結(jié)和平等機(jī)遇進(jìn)行捍衛(wèi)的一種方式。22 CSR is also a way of addressing population ageing and can help to achieve a better quality ofli

17、fe in a healthy environment.CSR同時(shí)還是一種表達(dá)老齡化人口觀點(diǎn)的一種方法，它有助于在健康的環(huán)境中實(shí)現(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量的生活。23 The importance attached to CSR is reflected in many strategies proposed by the European Commissio n. CSR的重要性在歐盟委員會(huì)所提議的許多戰(zhàn)略報(bào)告中都有所反映。24 The importance of CSR is also becoming more obvious in China and at the National People s

18、Congress in March 2008 the Chinese government reaffirmed its adherence to the policy of“ harmonioussociety t”igh,tening its policies to ensure that social and environmental standards in Chi na are met. CSR的重要意義同樣在中國(guó)變得越來越明顯。在2008年3月召開的全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)上，中國(guó)政府重申堅(jiān)持“和諧社會(huì)以”政策的重要性，確保中國(guó)的社會(huì)和環(huán)境 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)能得到滿足。25 Labour stand

19、ards and environmental protection are two areas in which the Chinese government has made considerable progress in recent years. 勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和環(huán)境保護(hù)這兩個(gè)領(lǐng) 域是中國(guó)政府在近幾年來已經(jīng)取得重大進(jìn)展。26 In today s competitive global economy, bus in esses are re-exam ining their roles in society interms of Corporate Social Respo nsibilit

20、y.現(xiàn)在，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)處于激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之中，各個(gè)企業(yè)都在企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任方面重新檢視自己在社會(huì)中的作用。27 Traditi onal bus in ess thinking and approaches that defi ne corporate value solely in terms of the financial measures of profitability and growth are rapidly giving way to the understandingthat companies are not merely creators of economic well-being

21、 but also of cultural, en viro nme ntal and social well-bei ng.傳統(tǒng)的企業(yè)觀點(diǎn)和措施將企業(yè)的價(jià)值僅僅定義在盈利和增長(zhǎng)方面的財(cái)務(wù)措施。這種傳統(tǒng)的定義正迅速地讓位于一種想法，即企業(yè)不僅僅是經(jīng)濟(jì) 福利的創(chuàng)造者，同時(shí)還是文化、環(huán)境以及社會(huì)福利的創(chuàng)造者。28 In China, CSR has taken on Chinese dimensions in “ creatingi harmonious society whereby susta in able developme nt has emerged as a key focus fo

22、r gover nment policy objectives and respon sible bus in ess conduct codes are being in tegrated to all new policies. 在中國(guó)， CSR 已經(jīng) 呈現(xiàn)出“創(chuàng)建和諧社會(huì)”的中國(guó)元素。在中國(guó)，可持續(xù)發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為政府目標(biāo)的主要關(guān)注點(diǎn)，并且有關(guān)企業(yè)責(zé)任感的行動(dòng)守則正增加到所有新的政策中。29 Uptake of CSR has improved in recent years thanks to social dialogue and buy-in from external stakeho

23、lders. CSR在近幾年得到了很大的發(fā)展，這得益于與社會(huì)的交流以及外部持股者的大宗買入。30 However, more can always be done by gover nments and bus in esses to further in crease theuptake of CSR by playi ng a more active role in rewardi ng resp on sible bus in ess con duct.然而，通過對(duì)有責(zé)任的企業(yè)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)以發(fā)揮CSR的更大作用，政府通常會(huì)做很多工作，CSR也得到更大發(fā)展。31 Improved con

24、duct by bus in esses in China can help address the importa nt challe nges that China is facing such as environmental protection, occupational health and safety and labour rights.在中國(guó)，企業(yè)對(duì)其行動(dòng)作出改善將向世界傳達(dá)出這樣的訊息，即中國(guó)正面臨著一個(gè)重要挑戰(zhàn)。例如：環(huán)境保護(hù)、人口健康與安全以及員工權(quán)利等。32 On 1st January 2008, the new Labour Con tract Law, whic

25、h has brought positive cha nges toworkersrights and con ditio ns, came into effect in Chi na. 2008 年 1 月 1 日，新的勞動(dòng)合同法生效。它給員工的權(quán)利和條件帶來了積極的變化。33 The Employment Promotion Law has also come into effect, legislation which assuresworkers rights in terms of educati on and training, age discrim in ati on and

26、equal treatme nt for migra nt workers seek ing employme nt.就業(yè)促進(jìn)法也生效了。這部對(duì)法律在教育、培訓(xùn)、年齡歧視和平等對(duì)待等方面保護(hù)了就業(yè)者的權(quán)利。34 However, implementation of laws in China is not sufficiently imposed; therefore, whilst some compa nies may be con duct ing resp on sible bus in ess practices in accorda nee with the law, many o

27、thers are not.但是，在中國(guó)，法律的執(zhí)行往往不力，因此，當(dāng)一些企業(yè)可能會(huì)依法履行 企業(yè)責(zé)任而另一些企業(yè)可能會(huì)不這樣做。35 The Chin ese Natio nal Textile and Apparel Coun cil （CNTAC） has become a leader in providi ng CSR awareness and training in the textiles industry in China, which is a particularly labourintensive industry.中國(guó)紡織工作協(xié)會(huì)（CNTAC在中國(guó)的紡織行業(yè)（一個(gè)明顯

28、勞動(dòng)密集行業(yè)）中率先提供有關(guān)CSR的知識(shí)與培訓(xùn)。36 CSC9000T, a textile industry standard, was developed within CNTACwith governmentendorsement and adopted in 2005.CSC9000T是紡織工業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，由CNTAC制定并于 2005年被政府所認(rèn)可和采用。37 It is based on Chinese legislation and provides a management system for companies wishingto be socially respo nsibl

29、e.它以中國(guó)的法律規(guī)定作為基礎(chǔ)，為具有社會(huì)責(zé)任感的企業(yè)提供了 一個(gè)管理系統(tǒng)。38 CSC9000Tis a “ code of conduct ” not only for manufacturers, but also for the entire supply cha in and it has bee n extremely successful in the textiles in dustry in China. CSC9000T不 僅對(duì)制造商而且對(duì)整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈而言都是行動(dòng)守則，它在中國(guó)的紡織行業(yè)中已經(jīng)取得了巨大成功。39 The success of the CSR in itiat

30、ives in the textiles sector is en couragi ng the Chin ese gover nmentto promote CSR policies more widely across other sectors.CSR在 紡織行業(yè)中的成功創(chuàng)舉正激勵(lì)著中國(guó)政府推動(dòng) CSR的政策在其它行業(yè)中的廣泛應(yīng)用。40 There are many examples of good cooperati on betwee n the Europea n Union and China onCSR issues.對(duì)于CSR所提到的問題，歐盟與中國(guó)之間開展了良好的合作，這樣

31、的例子有很 多。41 The EU China Trade Project （EUCTP）, for example, offers cooperati on on the developme nt ofCSRpolicy in China and assistanee to the Chinese government and industry in understanding European approaches to CSR.例如：中歐世貿(mào)項(xiàng)目（EUCTP為CSR的政策在中國(guó)的發(fā)展 提供合作，并幫助中國(guó)政府和各個(gè)行業(yè)更好地理解歐洲對(duì)CSR計(jì)劃的參與。42 The EUCTP also

32、runs capacity build ing projects at a local level of releva nt gover nmentauthorities.EUCTP還對(duì)地方級(jí)別的政府部門進(jìn)行能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)作。43 Challenges to CSR practices in China CSR活動(dòng)在中國(guó)的挑戰(zhàn)44 Investment in CSR is often seen as a direct risk to profitability and the popular perception in China is that CSR costs money.投資于 CS

33、R被認(rèn)為是一種在盈利上的直接風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而且其在中 國(guó)受歡迎的程度表明 CSR活動(dòng)會(huì)花費(fèi)頗多。45 However, CSR can reap eno rmous ben efits for a compa ny in the long term. 但是， CSR將會(huì) 為企業(yè)帶來長(zhǎng)期的巨大收益。46 Resp on sible bus in ess practice is not just about compl ying with the law.有責(zé)任的業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)不僅僅事關(guān)遵守法律。47 It is about goi ng beyo nd the law.它超乎于遵守法律之外。48 Large

34、mult in ati onal compa nies operat ing in China un dersta nd this and are already heavily in volved in CSR in itiatives.在中國(guó)開展業(yè)務(wù)的大型跨國(guó)企業(yè)（ MNC）對(duì)此有很好的理解，并且已經(jīng)深入地參與到CSR的活動(dòng)之中。49 Large Ch in ese compa nies are followi ng suit. 大型的中國(guó)企業(yè)也在追風(fēng)而動(dòng)。50 However, the level of CSR awareness in small and medium sized co

35、mpanies, often the backb one of the workforce in Chin a, is severely deficie nt and the lack of law en forceme nt at alocal level in Chi na remai ns the si ngle most importa nt challe nge to CSR practice in China.但是，中國(guó)的中小型企業(yè)（它們通常是中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力的主力軍）對(duì)CSR觀點(diǎn)的認(rèn)識(shí)嚴(yán)重匱乏，而且地方政府執(zhí)法不力，這依然是在中國(guó)開展CSR活動(dòng)所面臨的唯一最重要的挑戰(zhàn)。51 A maj

36、or challenge for MNCs in applying CSR principles in China is understanding themotivati on for and therefore effective impleme ntati on of CSR in itiatives in this coun try.對(duì)于跨國(guó)企業(yè)在中國(guó)應(yīng)用CSR原則所遇到的主要挑戰(zhàn)是如何理解應(yīng)用這些原則的動(dòng)機(jī)是什么以及因而如何在中國(guó)有效地實(shí)施CSR計(jì)劃。52 In Europea n coun tries, CSR in itiatives are ofte n in spired b

37、y aware ness raisi ng campaig ns leadby NGOs.在歐洲國(guó)家，CSR計(jì)劃通常被非政府組織所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的CSR認(rèn)識(shí)提高活動(dòng)所激勵(lì)。53 In contrast, in China, CSR is more likely to be effective when the will of the people is reflected by the legislation of the government e.g. the Ministry of Commerce regulation that as of 1st June 2008 retailers could be fined up to $1400 for providing free