大學(xué)英語-翻譯課件-amplification

1、CHAPTER 2 AMPLIFICATION增詞法I. AmplificationIt means supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear. Words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically.英漢兩種語言由于詞法結(jié)構(gòu)語法結(jié)構(gòu)和修辭手段的差異，在翻譯過程中，往往出現(xiàn)詞的添加和減少的現(xiàn)象。增詞的目的，或是為了補足語氣，或是為了連接上下文，有的則

2、是為了避免譯文意義含混。增詞就是增加原文中雖然無其詞而有其意的一些詞。For example,The molecules of hydrogen get closer and closer with the pressure.隨著壓力增加，氫分子越來越近。 After the football match, hes got an important meeting.在觀看完足球比賽之后，他有一個重要會議要參加。I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb a

3、nd make sure that it is her own.原來我以為這不過是一種親熱的表示，但是現(xiàn)在看來，這是為了聞一聞羊羔的味道，來斷定是不是自己生的。班門弄斧show off ones proficiency with axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter三個臭皮匠，勝過諸葛亮The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang the master mind.II. 根據(jù)意義上或修辭上的需要1. Adding verbsIn the evening, after t

4、he banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu.晚上在參加宴會、出席音樂會、觀看乒乓球表演之后，他還得起草最后公報。There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.沒有發(fā)表講話，沒有各國外交官到場，也沒有“普通中國人”揮舞紙旗、花束的場面。My wor

5、k, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time.我干工作，我做家務(wù)，我有朋友往來，這些占去了我的全部時間。2. Adding adj. & adv.Inflation has now reached unprecedented level.通貨膨脹現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)展到空前嚴重的地步。And Homer! Is not he likewise human? Even Homer may sometimes nod. To err is human.荷馬！他不也是“活生生”的人嗎？即使荷馬也有打盹的時候。過失人皆難免。（注釋：

6、譯文中加入形容詞“活生生”三個字使譯文文理通順。）It must have been surprising to see a little girl working at a high table, surrounded by maps and all kinds of instruments.看到一個女孩趴在堆滿地圖和儀器的高桌上聚精會神地工作時，誰都會感到驚訝。（注釋：增加“聚精會神”這個形容詞與“感到驚訝”相匹配，增加了譯文的修辭效果。）3. Adding nouns1) 在不及物動詞后增加名詞英語中有些動詞有時用作及物動詞，有時用作不及物動詞；當(dāng)它作不及物動詞時，賓語實際上是隱含在動詞

7、后面，譯成漢語時候應(yīng)該把它譯出來，例如：To wash before meal飯前洗手To wash after getting up起床后洗臉To wash before going to bed睡前洗腳Day after day he came to his work-sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.他每天來干活掃地、擦地板、收拾房間。First you barrow, then you beg.頭一遭借錢，下一遭就討飯。2) 在形容詞前加名詞This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.這部打字機真是物美價廉。He is a

8、 complicated man-moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.他是一個性格復(fù)雜的人喜怒無常，反復(fù)多變，有些憂郁寡歡。3) 在抽象名詞后增加名詞某些由動詞或形容詞派生來的抽象名詞，翻譯時可根據(jù)上下文在其后面增添適當(dāng)?shù)拿~，使譯文更合乎規(guī)范。例如；to persuade 說服persuasion說服工作to prepare 準備preparation準備工作backward 落后backwardness落后狀態(tài)tense緊張 tension緊張局勢arrogant 自滿arrogance自滿情緒mad 瘋狂madness瘋狂行為antago

9、nistic 敵對antagonism敵對態(tài)度After all preparations were made. The planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.一切準備工作就緒以后，飛機就飛越美國去舊金山。4) 在具體名詞后增加名詞當(dāng)具體名詞表達一種抽象概念時，譯文中也常根據(jù)上下文增加一些適當(dāng)?shù)拿~。例如：He felt the patriot rise within his breast.他感到一種愛國熱情在胸中激蕩。He allowed the father to be overruled be the judge, and

10、declared his own son guilty.他讓法官的職責(zé)戰(zhàn)勝父子的私情，而判決他兒子有罪。4. Adding plural nouns漢語名詞的復(fù)數(shù)沒有詞性變化，很多情況下不必表達出來。但是要表達多數(shù)人的名詞時，可在其后加“們”，如the teachers教師們，或者在前面加“諸位”或“各位”，如ladies and gentlemen諸位女士和先生。例如：Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.記者紛紛飛到墨西哥去了。The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of

11、angry men.連大地都震動了，仿佛萬馬奔騰，千夫怒吼。Very acute problems exist among them.他們之間存在著非常尖銳的種種問題。5. Adding the tense英語動詞的時態(tài)靠動詞詞形變化（如run, ran）或加助動（如will run, have run）來表達。而漢語動詞沒有詞形變化，表達時態(tài)時要增加漢語特有的時態(tài)助詞或一般表示時間的詞。翻譯完成時用“曾”、“已經(jīng)”、“過”、“了”；翻譯進行時往往用“在”、“正在”、“著”；翻譯將來時往往用“將”、“就”、“要”、“會”、“便”等等。當(dāng)然還有一些其他表示時間概念的詞。例如：I had neve

12、r thought Id be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was.以往我從未想過，當(dāng)我發(fā)覺人們認為我是無足輕重時，我回感到高興。但這次情況確實如此。The old man said, “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”老頭兒說：“聽人說，從前他爸爸是個打魚的。他過去也許跟我們現(xiàn)在一樣窮?！?. Adding measure wordOnce, they had a quarrel.有一次，他們爭

13、吵了一番。Herb gave her a sly look.赫伯狡猾地看了她一眼。I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument.我真替她萬分擔(dān)憂，但此時此地，既不宜教訓(xùn)她一番，也不宜與她爭論一通。7. Adding the background wordIn April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”.四月里，全世

14、界聽到中國“乒”的一聲把球打了出去；到了七月，美國“乓”的一聲把球打了回來。Le Mond, the B.B.C, the New York Times, the entire Arab press, all quote Heikal at length.法國的世界報、英國廣播公司、美國紐約時報及整個阿拉伯報界，都經(jīng)常大量引用海卡爾的話。I am in charge of the depot, only i. People will hold me responsible but not you.只有我一個人負責(zé)管理這個倉庫，出了事情別人找我，找不到你。8. Adding the genera

15、lity word英語和漢語都有概括詞。英語中的in short, and so on, etc.等等，翻譯時可分別譯為“總之”、“等待”。但有時英語句子中并沒有概括詞，而翻譯時卻往往了增加“兩人”、“雙方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此種種”等概括詞，同時省略英語中的連接詞。例如：This thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.論文總結(jié)了電子計算機、人造衛(wèi)星和火箭三方面的新成就。 Then a little over a decad

16、e ago, Professors Hoyle, Bondi, and Gold, working at Cambridge, proposed an entirely different scheme.然而十多年前，劍橋大學(xué)的霍伊爾、邦迪和哥爾德三位教授卻提出了完全不同的學(xué)說。The bond between mathematics and the life sciences has been strengthened by the emergence of a whole group of applied mathematics specialities, such as biometrics, psychometrics, and econometrics.生物統(tǒng)計學(xué)、心理測驗學(xué)、計量經(jīng)濟學(xué)等一大批應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)科的出現(xiàn)，大大加強了數(shù)學(xué)和生命科學(xué)之間的聯(lián)系。（注釋：原句中的連接詞and被省略掉。）9. Adding the linking wordYes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of the fashion.不錯，我喜歡中國菜?，F(xiàn)在很多人喜歡中國菜，這種情況算是有點趕時髦吧！For m