清華大學(xué)跨文化課程教案(3)

1、可編輯ppt,1,大學(xué)英語跨文化交際,Chapter 2 Communication and Intercultural Communication,黑龍江大學(xué)外語部,可編輯ppt,2,An idiom,Our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet . John F .Kennedy,可編輯ppt,3,Learning objectives,In this chapter, students will learn how to: Understand the definition and components of

2、communication Describe the characteristics of communication Summarize the definition of intercultural communication Evaluate the forms of intercultural communication,可編輯ppt,4,Chapter Outline,可編輯ppt,5,Lead-in Case: She Has Three Hands,Read the case and answer the following questions: Suppose you are

3、the Chinese doctor, if you are communicating with the Canadian physiotherapist, will his words irritate you? How would you respond to the situation? What caused their communication conflicts? What do you think of the different communication styles of the two doctors,可編輯ppt,6,The definition of commun

4、ication Components of communication,Text A: Communication,可編輯ppt,7,Pre-reading Task,Form groups of three or four and work together to write a letter to a penpal friend. Analyze the following elements involved in the process: 1. What meaning do you want to express? 2. In what way would you like to de

5、liver or organize your idea? 3. By which channel are you going to send your message? 4. Is there anything that might interfere with the process? 5. How do you think the letter will be interpreted by people from different cultures,可編輯ppt,8,Western Perspective of communication Eastern perspective of c

6、ommunication,The definition of communication,可編輯ppt,9,Western Perspective of communication,In western cultures, communication is studied as the means of transmitting ideas. Western cultures emphasize the instrumental function of communication; that is, effectiveness is evaluated in terms of success

7、in the manipulation of others to achieve ones personal goal,可編輯ppt,10,Eastern perspective of communication,Definitions of communication from many Asian countries stress harmony, which is most notable in cultures with a Confucian tradition. Eastern cultures understanding would define communication as

8、 a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship,可編輯ppt,11,2. Components of communication,A sender/source is the person who transmits a message,A message is any signal that triggers the response of a receiver,Encoding refers to the activity during which the se

9、nder must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message,Encoding （編碼,Channel /Medium （渠道,Channel/Medium is the method used to deliver a message,Message （信息,Sender/Source （信息源,可編輯ppt,12,Decoding （解碼,Decoding is the activity during which the receiver attaches meaning to the

10、words or symbols he/she has received,Receiver （信息接收者,A receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message,Feedback （反饋,The response of a receiver to a senders message is called feedback,Noise （干擾,Noise is a term used for factors that interfere with the exchange of messages, inclu

11、ding external noise ，physiological noise, psychological noise and semantic noise. Noise is inevitable,可編輯ppt,13,1)External Noise,Sounds that distract communicators: voices in the next room; annoying ring of someones cell phone in a meeting; etc. Other types of external noise that dont involve sound:

12、 an overcrowded room or a smelly cigar,2) Physiological Noise illnesses and disabilities,3) Psychological Noise forces with the sender or receiver that interfere with understanding: egotism; hostility; preoccupation; fear; etc,4) Semantic Noise caused by using different languages; the use of jargon;

13、 different understanding of the message delivered; etc,可編輯ppt,14,Picture Analysis What are the components of communication reflected in the following picture,可編輯ppt,15,Text B Characteristics of Communication,a. Communication is dynamic b. Communication is systematic c. Communication is symbolic d. C

14、ommunication is irreversible e. Communication is transactional f. Communication is self-reflective g. Communication is contextual,可編輯ppt,16,Pre-reading Task,Teacher: Who can guess what it is a small animal with four legs that people often keep as a pet and can catch mice easily? A Chinese student: I

15、t is called “貓” in Chinese. A French student: It is called “Chat” in French. A Japanese student: “Neiko” in Japanese. A Spanish student: “Gato” in Spanish. A German student : “Katze” in German A Russian student : “Kosta” in Russian. Answer the following questions: 1. Do we use the same word to symbo

16、lize a certain object when we communicate with those speaking different languages? 2. What kind of process is involved in communication,可編輯ppt,17,a. Communication is dynamic,Communication is an ongoing activity. It is not fixed. A word or action does not stay frozen when you communicate; it is immed

17、iately replaced with yet another word or action,可編輯ppt,18,b. Communication is systematic （系統(tǒng)性的,Communication does not occur in isolation or in a vacuum, but rather is part of a larger system. We send and receive messages not in isolation, but in a specific setting. Setting and environment help deter

18、mine the words and actions we generate. Dress, language, topic selection, and the like are all adapted to context,可編輯ppt,19,c. Communication is symbolic （符號性的,Symbols are central to the communication process because they represent the shared meanings that are communicated. A symbol is a word, action

19、, or object that stands for or represents a unit of meaning. Peoples behaviors are frequently interpreted symbolically, as an external representation of feelings, emotions, and internal states,可編輯ppt,20,d. Communication is irreversible （不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的,Communication is an irreversible process. We can never un

20、do what has already been done. Although we may try to qualify, negate, or somehow reduce the effects of our message, once it has been sent and received, the message itself cannot be reversed,可編輯ppt,21,e. Communication is transactional （交互式的,A transactional view holds that communicators are simultane

21、ously sending and receiving messages at every instant that they are involved in conversations,可編輯ppt,22,f. Communication is self-reflective,Human beings have a unique ability to think about themselves, to watch how they define the world, and to reflect on their past, present, and future,可編輯ppt,23,g.

22、 Communication is contextual （情境的,All communication takes place within a setting or situation called a context. By context, we mean the place where people meet, the social purpose for being together, and the nature of the relationship. Thus the context includes the physical, social, and interpersona

23、l settings,可編輯ppt,24,Text C Culture and Communication,可編輯ppt,25,The relationship between culture and communication is compared to the relationship between a map and a journey. How do you understand and interpret this simile,可編輯ppt,26,If possible, interview a foreign visitor to your country. Ask him

24、about how his cultural background influences his actual communication practices in China,可編輯ppt,27,Text D,Pre-reading Task: Imagine you are organizing an international summer camp with children coming from different countries. What of the followings should be your main concerns: problems between chi

25、ldren of different races. problems between children of the same culture. problems between children of different cultures. problems between children who share the same nationality but not the same race,可編輯ppt,28,2. Forms of Intercultural Communication,a. International Communication b. Interethnic Com

26、munication c. Interracial Communication d. Intracultural Communication,1. Intercultural Communication Defined,Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultural perception and symbol system are distinct enough to alter the communication event,可編輯ppt,29,a. International communication,International commun