教案課程被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、C(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))課堂導(dǎo)入 （3分鐘）越來(lái)越多的人在玩這個(gè)游戲。這個(gè)游戲被越來(lái)越多的人玩?；A(chǔ)知識(shí)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ) （30分鐘） 扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ)【】 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) be + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞【】 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。 1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)：This watch is made in China. 這塊手表是中國(guó)制造。2.沒(méi)有必要支出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)： More trees must be planted every year. 每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹(shù)。3.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)： Chinese is spoken by more and more people in

2、the world. 世界上越來(lái)越多的人在說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。4.動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是指人： Many houses were washed away by the floor. 許多房子被洪水沖走了?！尽?主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 變 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.要將主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。2.把主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)，主格帶刺變成賓格代詞，并由by引導(dǎo)。3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)。例：We asked him to sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us

3、. 帶雙賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 變 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)，也可以將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)。 若將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)，則保留直接賓語(yǔ)； 若將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)，則保留間接賓語(yǔ)，且在被保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞to 或者 for。 例，She gave me a book.（變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） I was given a book by her.(間接賓語(yǔ)me 改為主語(yǔ)) A book was given to me by her.（直接賓語(yǔ)a book改為主語(yǔ)） 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 變 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 許多由不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語(yǔ)，也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 注意：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

4、是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞。 例，We should take good care of the children. The children should be taken care of.帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 變 被動(dòng)句賓語(yǔ)加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在遠(yuǎn)處，成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 例，I saw some boys playing football on the playground. Some boys were seen playing football on the playground被

5、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后 動(dòng)詞形式的選擇主動(dòng)句中的感官動(dòng)詞 see, hear, feel, notice 等 和使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have 等后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)加上動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to. 例，We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening. The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.【】 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)【趁熱打鐵】1. A new club in our school at the beginning of this year and

6、 now it has many members. A. starts B. is started C. has started D. was started【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：年初，我們學(xué)校 一個(gè)新俱樂(lè)部。目前，它已經(jīng)吸納了很多會(huì)員。本題主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作承受者，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“at the beginning of this year ”可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選D?；仡櫺〗Y(jié) （2分鐘） 根據(jù)圖像注意主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)之間的切換，主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)的正確寫法； 通過(guò)表格，要認(rèn)識(shí)并掌握每個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)所表達(dá)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及正確書寫格式。C(易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)分析)專題導(dǎo)入（） （3分鐘）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，時(shí)常伴隨著

7、時(shí)態(tài)的改變，認(rèn)真注意每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，防止走入誤區(qū)。 堅(jiān)定步伐易錯(cuò)清單1. 主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)(1)open, lock, write, read, sell, wash, cut, burn, drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),它們的主語(yǔ)為物,可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義。如:Mo Yans novels sell well. 莫言的小說(shuō)很好賣(銷路好)。(2)表示感覺(jué)的連系動(dòng)詞如feel, look, smell, sound, taste等后跟表語(yǔ)時(shí),總是用其主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,它們不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:The table feels smooth.這張桌子摸起來(lái)很光滑。(3)在be worth doin

8、g（值得做）中,doing表被動(dòng)意義。 The book is well worth reading.這本書很值得一讀。(4)want/need/require +doing相當(dāng)于want/need/ require +to be done。如:The library needs cleaning.=The library needs to be cleaned. 圖書館需要打掃了。2. 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況(1)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這樣的及物動(dòng)詞有have, become, cost, reach, sell, arrive, fit, hold, own, su

9、it等。如:We have a good teacher.我們有一位好老師。The classroom holds 80 students.這間教室容納80個(gè)學(xué)生。(2)及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞、相互代詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、同源賓語(yǔ)時(shí),都沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:The boy taught himself English. 這男孩自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。We help each other. 我們互相幫助。(3)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí),很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:She likes to swim. 她喜歡游泳。3. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞“be+過(guò)去分詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)既可以是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)主要的

10、區(qū)別是:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,系表結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。我們還可以通過(guò)以下方法來(lái)判斷:(1)從形式上來(lái)看,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)往往接by施動(dòng)者,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)往往有固定的搭配,如be separated from, be covered with, be interested in, be surprised at, be satisfied with等。如:We were surprised at the unexpected news.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)意外消息,我們感到驚訝。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))注意:句中有“by+人”時(shí),多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);而“by+物”時(shí),多屬系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如:The house was surrounded by the

11、 police.這房子被警察包圍了。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The house was surrounded by trees.這房子四周都是樹(shù)。(系表結(jié)構(gòu),表示靜止的狀態(tài))(2)從時(shí)態(tài)上來(lái)看,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be時(shí)態(tài)要與動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間一致;而系表結(jié)構(gòu)的be只有一般時(shí)或完成時(shí),表示目前或過(guò)去的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如:This window was broken by Kate yesterday.這窗戶是凱特昨天打破的。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))This glass is broken. 這塊玻璃是破的。(系表結(jié)構(gòu),指目前的狀態(tài))(3)從句中的狀語(yǔ)來(lái)看,過(guò)去分詞前有well, very, quite等副詞修飾的是系表結(jié)構(gòu);若句中有時(shí)

12、間、方式或目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:The play is well written.這劇本寫得很好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The play was written with great care. 這劇本是非常用心地寫出來(lái)的。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),有方式狀語(yǔ))(4)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞可以是gone, fallen, risen等不及物動(dòng)詞。如:My pen is gone. 我的鋼筆不見(jiàn)了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))The sun is risen. 太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))回顧小結(jié) （2分鐘）T(專項(xiàng)練習(xí))專題導(dǎo)入 用雙手，成就你的夢(mèng)想。在解答被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)題時(shí)首先要判斷主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)

13、作的關(guān)系,如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,則該句為主動(dòng)句;如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,則該句為被動(dòng)句。依據(jù)句子意思做出正確選擇?！纠?】(2014浙江寧波30) I heard that Line 1 of Ningbo Subwaylast month.? A. was testedB. is testedC. testsD. tested【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。由句意“我聽(tīng)說(shuō)上個(gè)月寧波一號(hào)鐵路線被檢測(cè)了”判斷,句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受著,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),last month是一般過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選A?！敬鸢浮緼【例2】(2013湖北孝感38)Many treeson th

14、e streets every year. So the air is very fresh now.?A. plantB. are plantedC. plantedD. were planted【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)“every year”得知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是many trees,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),因此選B。【答案】B 【例3】(2013湖南益陽(yáng)30)The sports meeting next month.?A. will holdB. is going to holdC. will be held【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。主語(yǔ)the sports meet

15、ing不能執(zhí)行謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hold,是hold的承受者,需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。next month說(shuō)明句子用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為:will be held。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾2. 正確判斷時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)離不開(kāi)時(shí)態(tài)?？忌斡浉鞣N時(shí)態(tài),掌握被動(dòng)句的構(gòu)成,不能混淆。依據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文暗示,分析判斷句子時(shí)態(tài)。【例4】(2014江蘇南京13)Were sure that the environment in our city greatly through our work in the near future.?A. improvedB. was improved C. has improvedD

16、. will be improved【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。句意:我們相信我們城市的環(huán)境在不久的將來(lái)通過(guò)我們的工作將被大大改善。”由句中的in the near future判斷,該句要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式,所以選D?！敬鸢浮緿【例5】(2013江西35)The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book into French as soon as it came out.?A. was translatedB. translatedC. is translatedD. translates【解析】考

17、查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 根據(jù)題干his new book 和 translate 的關(guān)系,應(yīng)該選擇被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),又根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as soon as it came out 是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),可知“被翻譯”也是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故選A?！敬鸢浮緼 【例6】(2013浙江寧波35)Have you finished your project?Not yet. Ill finish it if Iten more minutes.?A. giveB. am givenC. will giveD. will be given【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:如果再給我十分鐘我會(huì)完成它。主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,

18、在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。故選B。【答案】B.【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】1. ( 2014深圳18) Its reported that some capsules(膠囊)are really bad our health.?Sounds terrible. Hopefully the problem as soon as possible?A. to;is solvedB. for;has solved C. to;was solvedD. for;will be solved2. ( 2014廣東模擬43)Lots of trees and flowers on both sides of t

19、he road last year. Oh, beautiful they are!?A. have been planted;whatB. were planted;whatC. were planted;how D. have been planted;what3. ( 2014浙江模擬二21) Can you play the piece of music for us,Cathy?Of course. It many times.?A. teachesB. is taughtC. has been taughtD. taught4. (2013陜西)The sick boy to ho

20、spital by the police yesterday.?A. is takenB. was takenC. takesD. took5. (2013河北)Driving after drinking wine in China.?A. allowsB. doesnt allowC. is allowedD. isnt allowed6. (2013重慶)Ito take part in the English speech contest last week.?A. askB. askedC. am askedD. was asked7. (2013湖南岳陽(yáng))May I use you

21、r cup,Tom?Sorry,itby my sister just now.?A. was brokenB. is brokenC. broke8. (2013江蘇南京)Im glad to find that many trees in our city last year.?A. plantB. plantedC. were plantedD. are planted9. (2013安徽)Do you have any problems if you this job?Well,Im thinking about the working day.A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered參考答案與解析1. D解析:考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。故選D?！癰e bad for. (對(duì)有害)”是固定搭配,所以排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。因?yàn)閼?yīng)答句后面一句的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由