2017高考英語完形填空解題技巧解析重要

1、2017年高考英語完形填空解題技巧 完形填空題型有著極為深遠的理論背景。在19世紀物理學重大發(fā)現(xiàn)“場理論”的啟發(fā)下，德國心理學家柯勒等人提出了“格式塔心理學”，強調(diào)人類認知過程中的宏觀性和整體性。1953年，美國語言學家Wilson Taylor基于上述理論，首次提出完形填空這種題型，旨在測試考生利用已知信息恢復不完整語言材料的自然傾向強度，進而考查考生的語言能力。 作為選拔性考試，高考必須具有較高信度、效度和必要的區(qū)分度以及一定的難度。完形填空的重點在于綜合考查考生的詞匯和語法等基礎(chǔ)知識以及閱讀和寫作等語言運用能力，正好滿足了高考的需求。自從1987年首次出現(xiàn)在高考英語試卷中以來，完形填空題

2、型歷來都屬于高考英語中能力要求最高、試題難度最大的一類題型。 研究歷年的各套高考完形填空題，可以從具體的題目之中看出該題型中若干對我們解題非常有幫助的共同特點： 一、 從所選文章的角度 體裁上，以敘為主，敘議結(jié)合。高考完形填空題的選材多為具有一定故事情節(jié)的記敘文或是敘議結(jié)合、以敘為主、富有哲理的論說文，這是和高考考生的語言水平緊密結(jié)合的。高考是各級各類英語測試中相對較簡單的一種，因而采取了常見體裁中較簡單的記敘文作為題目載體。因此，短文一般按照時間線索行文，內(nèi)部邏輯清晰層次分明。 題材上，選用真實世界中的語言材料，考查考生使用語言進行信息獲取和社會交際的能力，對心理問題、校園生活、奇聞軼事等熱

3、點話題繼續(xù)關(guān)注，并兼顧高考的公平性原則，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩較濃的不具有一般性的話題。 難度上，基本與現(xiàn)行高三教材相當。字數(shù)上，完形填空短文詞數(shù)在240320之間。 二、 從所挖空格的角度 首先，該題型所選短文一般無標題，但首句通常不設(shè)空，目的是讓考生熟悉語言環(huán)境，迅速進入主題，對文章有宏觀和整體性的把握，建立正確的思維導向。正文中通常挖去20個詞（組），平均每14詞挖一個空格，通常不會出現(xiàn)兩個空格前后相連或同一句子挖空超過三個的情況。 其次，挖去的詞匯以實詞為主，虛詞為輔。語言分為形式和內(nèi)容兩方面，而完形填空題多重視考查語言的內(nèi)容，這是與承載具體信息的實詞緊密相關(guān)的。在高考對具體語法規(guī)則

4、不斷淡化的趨勢下，常與語言形式即具體語法條目相關(guān)的虛詞數(shù)量不斷下降，目前僅在3個空格左右。 最后，具體挖空的時候遵循“重復原則”，即挖去的詞通常都在保留的上下文中給出解題的線索。并且，某特定空格的解題線索多不在本空格所在的句子，或上一句或下一句，或上幾句或下幾句，所以我們在考場 上應(yīng)逾越空格所在的單句，結(jié)合更宏觀的上下文來解題。三、 從所擬選項的角度 同一空格所對應(yīng)的四個選項一般是同一詞性，或在句子中充當同樣的語法成分，這個擬選項時所應(yīng)遵循的最基本的原則。在完形填空題中，具體的語法規(guī)則不再是考查重點，更強調(diào)的是辨別詞語之間的細微差異，考查考生對上下文的理解，要求考生通過具體的語言環(huán)境來做出選擇

5、。所以，所擬出的四個選項往往在語法方面都能成立，錯誤選項多半可以和空前、空后的文字形成某種考生非常熟悉的固定搭配，具有很強的干擾和迷惑作用。針對這種情況，考生們在解題過程中就更要緊抓文章主線，站在語篇的高度綜合處理各選項的取舍。 完型填空題是集詞語辨析、詞的用法以及搭配、語法、單句理解、語篇理解的考查為一體的綜合題，不但要求同學們具有扎實的基礎(chǔ)知識，而且還要求必須具備較強的分析理解、邏輯推斷能力及語感。該題型在歷屆高考試題中起著重要的作用，通常從一篇詞數(shù)250左右、難度略低于教材上課文的文章中設(shè)空格20個。具體來說，由于短文被挖去一些詞，造成信息的中斷，同學們做題時，必然會出現(xiàn)思維斷層現(xiàn)象。如

6、果不掌握正確的解題思路及步驟，并通過適當?shù)挠柧毜脑?，同學們面對此題時就會束手無策，久而久之就會對完形填空產(chǎn)生厭煩、恐懼心理，更不利于能力的提高，不利于臨場發(fā)揮。 一、解題方法 1、通覽全文，了解大意 由于完型填空試題主要測試同學們在語篇層面上綜合運用語言的能力，在解答試題的之前應(yīng)快速閱讀全文，抓住文章的主題，搞清作者的思路及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。一般說來，通讀的關(guān)鍵是弄清第一句(往往點明主題，且是沒留空白的完整句)和最后一句(往往總結(jié)、概括全文)。另外，在瀏覽時全文的時候，要重點了解文中所敘述的人物、時間、地點、事件，即who，when，where，what。例如有篇文章的第一句話為：Why is

7、 a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next？這句話從鐵軌之間的縫隙引出了問題。根據(jù)常識，就會很快的知道文中的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與熱脹冷縮的物理現(xiàn)象有關(guān)。 2、快速反應(yīng)，初做答案 找到文章的突破口之后，就要趁著思路清晰時，快速做出反應(yīng)，一鼓作氣將文中所有能填的空填起來，不因某試題暫時給不了答案的題停留太久。做題以了解文章的大意為前提，如遇個別難題，可以暫時跳過去或初擬一個答案；如果停滯不前，不但會打斷思路、造成時間上和心理上的緊張，而且往往無濟于事。 在填每個空格時，注意分析選項所在的上下文

8、，弄清上下文間的邏輯關(guān)系，注意空格前后的詞，看是否能與某一選項構(gòu)成固定搭配。從各個角度考慮，初步做出每個小題的答案。 3、再次查讀，攻克難關(guān) 初選過后，可能還會留下一些空檔，此時，再重讀文章，從語義和邏輯的角度審視全文，看其是否通順流暢、條理清晰、符合邏輯。與此同時，將未填的空檔全部補齊。由于選答案時講求一氣呵成，初選過后還應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文對有疑問或把握不準的答案進行推敲。在具體的操作中應(yīng)注意以下的問題： 1）看清上下文，找準定位詞 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有時可能是同義詞或反義詞。例如： 1. Some parts of the water are ve

9、ry shallow. But in some places it is very _ A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 2. Mrs. ONeill asked_ questions and she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more 2）通順邏輯，尋求搭配 注意固定的搭配，包括動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。例如： Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helpe

10、d himself_ so much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of 3）扎實基礎(chǔ)，搞清辨異 在此類試題的命制上，往往是以同類的詞為主，我們不需要去進行具體的辨析，但是我們也要根據(jù)文章的意思來進行推斷。如： Soon I heard a_ like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout When the papers were _ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly A.

11、examined B. completed C. marked D. answered 4）看清執(zhí)行者，確定所選詞 And video cameras can be used topeoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch 5）尋求上下邏輯，從容確定關(guān)系 It has been many years since I was last in London_ still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. a

12、s 6）了解生活常識，確定相關(guān)知識 (Immediately ) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest 完型填空解題技巧：巧用線索法所謂線索法，指的是根據(jù)文章上下文所提供的故事背景和語境線索進行推理和判斷，從而確定最佳答案。具體說來有以下幾種行之有效的方法。 1.巧用語意轉(zhuǎn)折線索解題 有些句子含有表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊倪B詞、副詞或副詞短語，如but， though， although， instead， however， on th

13、e contrary， otherwise等，我們可利用這些暗示來解決問題。有時也可能沒有這些詞語的出現(xiàn)。如： A formal letter is very different from an informal letter. Formal letters _1_ to businesses， schools or government offices. _2_ letters are for relatives， or former（以前的） teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand， but you should _3_ a f

14、ormal letter. 1. A. send B. are written C. write D. are dropped 2. A. Informal B. Formal C. Business D. Relative 3. A. copy B. type C. write D. share 2.巧用因果關(guān)系線索解題 即根據(jù)上下文的因果關(guān)系進行推斷，從而得出所需答案。如： It was a strange noise that made the man _1_ his car soon after he left a village _2_ London. He got out of h

15、is car and _3_ the wheels（車輪） carefully， but as he found nothing _4_ he continued his way. 1. A. start B. stop C. slow D. speed 2. A. to B. for C. from D. of 3. A. repaired B. examined C. cleaned D. looked 4. A. wrong B. danger C. interesting D. matter 3.巧用具體示例線索解題 即根據(jù)文章中所提供的具體實例進行分析，將與具體示例有關(guān)的信息進行優(yōu)選

16、，將與具體示例無關(guān)的信息進行排除，從而便可得出所需答案。如： Every student must wear their _1_ when they are at school. There are _2_ items of uniforms： suits， dresses， shorts， skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags， caps and socks. 1. A. long hair B. thick glasses C. sports shoes D. school uniforms 2. A. much B.

17、three C. many D. a lot 4.巧用同義反義線索解題 Though he is serious in appearance， he never fails to be interesting. Often he is clever， sometimes even _ and gay A. worried B. bright C. discouraging D. friendly As it turned out， my little publication went on to become Student， a national magazine for young peo

18、ple in the U.K. My wife and I have two children， and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad _ me. A. controlled B. comforted C. reminded D. raised 即根據(jù)文章所提供的內(nèi)容，同時結(jié)合一定的生活常識，對所推斷的內(nèi)容進行邏輯推理和邏輯順序。如： I went to Wasley College with Winnic today. Wasley is a large， old _1_. It has three

19、branch campuses（分a _2_ school and a senior school. So ，Glen Waverly and Elasterwick. It has a primary school ，Clunes ：校）there are twelve grades of _3_ studying there. 1. A. school B. factory C. movie D. hospital 2. A. night B. junior C. high D. spare-time 3. A. workers B. boys C. students D. teacher

20、s 6. 巧用語篇標志線索解題 語篇一般指比單個句子長的語言單位，如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語，這些詞語可稱為語篇標志。如：表示結(jié)果層次的語篇標志語有firstly， secondly， thirdly， finally等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的有thus， therefore， so等；表示改變話題的有by the way等；表示時間關(guān)系的有before， so far， yet， now， later等。在做完形填空題時，如果能充分利用這些語篇標志語，就可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文的關(guān)系。如： First of all， I respected his de

21、votion to teaching_， I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talkFinally， I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. （全國卷） A. Later B. Secondly C. However D. Therefore 7. 巧用結(jié)構(gòu)對比線索解題 在做完形填空題時，有時會遇到兩個結(jié)構(gòu)十分相似的句子，此時同學們應(yīng)認真比較其結(jié)構(gòu)特點，或根據(jù)其相似性推斷空格處所填之詞，或根據(jù)文章的上下文語境判斷兩個（或幾個）相

22、似結(jié)構(gòu)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。如： I realized strength and courage arent always measured in medals and victories， but in the struggles we overcome（戰(zhàn)勝）。 The strongest people are not always the people who win， _ the people who dont give up when they lose. A. or B. nor C. and D. but The correct water supply forecast is bas

23、ed more on the water from the _ than from the below. （遼寧卷） A. clouds B. sky C. air D. above 8. 巧用語境暗示線索解題 有的空格根據(jù)所在句的句意或附近上下文的語境我們無法作出正確的選擇，要想作出正確判斷，同學們應(yīng)特別注意空格前后所出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞語，尤其注意找出其中重復出現(xiàn)的暗示性詞語。如： Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the _ have made up their m

24、inds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest （抗議） against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street. （全國卷） A. college B. village C. town D. church But then again， would there be a chair in Room 316？ Or would it be a（n） _ room？ A. small B. empty C. new D. neat 精

25、講精練一 When Sir Winston Churchill, the great British Prime Minister, reached his eightieth birthday in November, 1954, he was presented with his portrait by a well-known modem artist, Graham SutherlandThe painting had been ordered and paid for to 1 . the Grand Old Man of World War Sir Winston and Lady

26、 Churchill were deeply moved by this 2 of respect and affection. 3 of them, of course, allowed the others to see how much they both disliked the portrait. “It makes me look 4 , which I am not!” protested Churchill in private(私下). 5 , he only remarked that it was fine example of modern art. His frien

27、ds smiledIt was known that Churchill didnt 6 modern art. Churchill was so unhappy about the portrait that finally his wife had it 7 . Churchill died at ninety in 1965Land Churchill 8 him in 1977Shortly after her death, the public learned what had happened to the 9 , and a heated argument broke out.

28、The painter was 10 sadThe artist community, shocked and 11 , said that the destruction of the picture had been a crime (罪行). Historians said that they regretted the disappearance of a(n) 12 document. All agreed that Churchill didnt have the 13 to do what they had done. Graham Sutherland had told Chu

29、rchill that he would 14 him “as he saw him”. Churchill never had a chance to see the work in 15 since the painter 16 to show it to him. He found out only 17 he received his present that Sutherland had seen him 18 a heavy, sick, tired old man. Since he hated old age, he was naturally 19 . Who has the

30、 right to a work of art, the owner, the donor, or the artist who created it? Was the portrait a good one, as many(including the painter) said? Or was it bad as others thought? None of these questions have been answered yet to everybodys 20 . 1 Agive Bregard Cpaint Dhonour 2 Amark Bpiece Cprize Dtrad

31、e 3 ANeither BBoth CEither DAll 4 Awise Bgentle Cstupid Dhappy 5 AFortunately BObviously CStraight DPublicly 6 Acare for Blook like Cturn down Dmake up 7 Ahidden Bhung Cdestroyed Dreturned 8 Amourned Bmissed Cfollowed Dburied 9 Apainting Bman Cwoman Dartist 10Aunderstandably Bunexpectedly Cunreasona

32、bly Dunthinkingly 11Aafraid Bregretful Ccurious Dangry 12Ainteresting Bcolorful Cexpensive Dhistorical 13Achance Bright Cpower Dcourage 14Ahelp Bobey Cpaint Dshow 15Aprogress Bplace Cneed Dsight 16Aagreed Bpromised Crefused Dhated 17Auntil Bwhen Cbefore Dthough 18Aas Bto Cabout Dfor hurt D tired C w

33、orried B moved A1920Asurprise Bdisappointment Cdelight Dsatisfaction 參考答案及解析 15 DAACD 610 ACCAA 1115 DDBCA 1620 CBADD 1選D。人們給他畫像是為了向這位二戰(zhàn)巨人表示敬意。 2選A。trade表“交易”，此處用mark表示“標記”，與sign同一含義，如?慭歲漠?獥整浥表示敬意”。 3選A。從句子含義可知選A。夫婦倆誰也沒有讓別人看出他們的真實心理狀態(tài)一一他們不喜歡這幅畫。 4選C。四個選項只有C才能構(gòu)成讓人不喜歡的原因。 5選D。這種不滿只是在私下說的，在公開場合還是贊美它。 6

34、選A。不喜歡現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)，上一句已經(jīng)委婉表達了他的感受。 7選C。他妻子把這幅畫“毀了”而不“藏起來，還回去”，所以后來引發(fā)了下文人們的議論。 8選C。邱吉爾夫人十二年之后也隨他仙逝，下文說“她死后沒多久”。 9選A。人們此時得知那幅畫的歸宿。 10選A。understandably在此時指畫家此時感到傷心，這是“可以(被人)理解地”。 11選D。與shocked(震驚)一樣的強烈情緒是angry。 12選D。這句話是歷史學家(Historians)說的，因此是考慮其作為“歷史文獻”的價值。 13選B。大家一致認為邱吉爾夫婦沒權(quán)利這么做。 14選C。這是這位畫家說的話，他會真實地描述自己眼中的邱吉

35、爾。 15選A。從下文可知，直到肖像畫好之后邱吉爾才看見這幅畫，因此選progress “進展中的作品”。 16選C。畫家在畫的過程中不讓他看，這一點下文有提示。 17選B。直到收到這幅畫后才看見畫像中的人是什么樣子。 18選A。seeas表示“把視為”，用as引出畫家眼里的形象。 19選D。他憎恨年邁，看見畫中自己的模樣，自然會覺得受到傷害。 20選D。對這些問題,還沒有一個使人人滿意的回答。 精講精練二 It was already late when we set out for the next town, 1 according to the map was about fiftee

36、n miles away on the other side of the 2 . There we felt 3 that we would find a bed 4 the night. Darkness fell soon after we left the village, but luckily we met 5 as we drove fast along the narrow winding road that 6 the hills. As we climbed 7 , it became colder and rain began to fall, 8 it difficul

37、t at times to see the roadI asked John, my companion, to drive more 9 . After we had travelled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was 10 on the map. We were beginning to get 11 . Then without warning the car stoppedA quick 12 showed that we had run out of petrol（汽油）. A

38、lthough we had little food with us, we decided to 13 the night in the car. Our meal was soon over. I tried to go to sleep at once, 14 John, who was a 15 sleeper, got out of the car after a few minutes and went for a walk 16 the hills. Soon he came back. From the top of the hill he had seen, in the v

39、alley below, the 17 of the town we were looking for. We at once unloaded（卸）all our luggage（行 李）and with a great effort（努力）, 18 to push the car to the top of the hill. Then we went back to the luggage, loaded the car again and set off down the hill. 19 less than a quarter of an hour we were in the to

40、wn, where we found a 20 quite easily. 1 Awhich Bit Cwhere Dthat 2 Arivers Bhills Ctowns Dvillages 3 Asurprised Bafraid Cpleased Dsure 4 Aat Bin Cthrough Dfor 5 Aeverybody Bsomebody Cnobody Danybody 6 Agot to Barrived Cled to Dbelonged to 7 Ataller Bhigher Clower Dfaster 8 Agetting Bthinking Ccausing

41、 Dmaking 9 Acertainly Bcarefully Cslowly Dsurely 10Amarked Bset Cbuilt Ddrawn 11Aexcited Bworried Ccold Dwarm 12Aattention Boperation Cexamination Dinformation 13Aspend Blive Cspare Dstay 14Asince Bthough Cso Dbut 15Aquick Bfast Cpoor Dheavy 16Aacross Bthrough Cdown Dup 17Alights Bmap Cbus Dsituatio

42、n 18Aought Btried Csucceeded Dmanaged 19AFor BIn CSince DAt 20 Apoliceman Bfriend Chotel Dcinema 參考答案及解析 15 ABDDC 610 CBDCA 1115 BCADC 1620 DADBC 1選A。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，后面是一個非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which。 2選B。從下文可知，下一個小鎮(zhèn)應(yīng)在“山”的那一邊。 3選D。天已經(jīng)很遲了，還出發(fā)朝下一個小鎮(zhèn)趕，這說明他們“堅信”在那兒能找到住宿的地方。 4選D。for the night“過夜”，for表示“為了”。 5選C。在一個漆黑的夜

43、晚，在那彎曲狹窄的路上，應(yīng)該說行車是不走運的，但途中未遇一個行人，就這一點來說還算“幸運”。 6選C。lead to 意思為“通向”。 后來散John。從下文可知，他們的車子是逐漸向山上爬行的，當油用完時，車子已接近山頂。以致B選7步時不知不覺中就到了山頂。 8選D。從詞的用法角度可知要用making。 9選C。由于看不清路面，所以讓同伴開慢些。 10選A。依據(jù)常識可知，城鎮(zhèn)是“標”在地圖上的。 11選B。開了二十里，仍不見小鎮(zhèn)，不免開始“憂慮”起來。 12選C。簡單“檢查”發(fā)現(xiàn)油沒了，另三項表述不清。 13選A。 spend the night意為“度過夜晚”。 14選D。填轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。

44、 15選C。從got out of the car看，John不是一個容易睡著的人。 16選D。從From the top of the hill可推知，他從車里出來以后是向山頂上走的。 17選A。根據(jù)常識判斷。 18選D。ought to （應(yīng)該）不合語境，succeed后不接to do故應(yīng)排除，manage和try均表示“設(shè)法”，但有細微差別，前者表示設(shè)法做成了某事，后者則不一定成功。故本題答案應(yīng)為D。 19選B。 “在不到一刻鐘時間內(nèi)我們就到了鎮(zhèn)上”。 20選C。從第二段后句子可以推知，他們趕赴那個小鎮(zhèn)的目的是為了住宿，所以在到達目的地后很快找到的應(yīng)是旅館（hotel）。 精講精練三 P

45、eople do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution, from the last time they had a 1 problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without 2 , they try to find a solution by trial or error. 3 , when all of these me

46、thods 4 , the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 5 in analyzing a problem. 6 the person must recognize that these is a problem. For example, Sams bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 7 that there is a problem with the bicycle. Next,

47、the person must find the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 8 the parts that are wrong. Now the person must look for 9 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 10 solutions. For example, suppose Sam decides that his bicycle does

48、not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. 11 , he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully. After 12 the problem, the person should have 13 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an exa

49、mple 14 , his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change old ones. In the end, one 15 seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the 16 idea comes quite 17 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a different way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum (口香糖) stuck to a brake. He 18 hits on