初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(全)

1、一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。在中，當(dāng)主語是時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用形式，即常在后加-s或-

2、es。一、he, she, it是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：He likes watching TV. 他喜歡看電視。She has lunch at twelve. 她十二點(diǎn)吃午餐。It looks like a cat. 它看起來像只貓。(口訣：I用am，you用are，is用于它，單數(shù)名詞用is，都用are)二、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語；是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：Han Mei looks like her mother. 看起來像她的母親。Beijing is in China. 北京在中國(guó)。Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔經(jīng)常做蛋糕。三、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或this

3、/ that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。This book is yours. 這本書是你的。四、someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代詞this, that作主語時(shí)，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：Everyone is here. 大家到齊了。There is something wrong with the watch. 這塊手表有毛病。五、作主語時(shí)為第三人稱單數(shù)。如：The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在里。Th

4、e bread is very small. 那面包很小。六、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時(shí)，看作第三人稱單數(shù)。如：6 is a lucky number. 6是個(gè)吉利數(shù)字。【練習(xí)】二、一般過去時(shí)：概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.一般過去時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)（可分

5、三類不同的結(jié)構(gòu)）1.Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí) 在沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞， am is 的過去式為was; are的過去式為were肯定句式：主語 + be(was , were) + 其它.否定句式：主語 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.一般疑問句：Be(was , were) + 主語 + 其它？注：在這種構(gòu)成中，be動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即要根據(jù)主語選用was / were。Be動(dòng)詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，was是表示單數(shù)，were是表示復(fù)數(shù)。2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài) 肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過去式，否定句和疑問句要使用助動(dòng)詞do和 does 的過去式 did.肯定句式：

6、主語 + 動(dòng)詞（過去式）+ 其它否定句式：主語 + didnt + 動(dòng)詞（原形）+ 其它 【did not = didnt】一般疑問句：Did + 主語+ 動(dòng)詞（原形）+ 其它【do , does的過去時(shí)均為did】？注：1. did和didnt是構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞，其特點(diǎn)是要在其后跟動(dòng)詞的原形。2. 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的一般過去時(shí)I do my homework every day.(用yesterday改寫句子)I did my homework yesterday.I didnt do my homework yesterday.(否定句)Did you do your homework

7、yesterday？Yes ,I did. /No, I didnt.(一般疑問句)3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)與含有Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)，是十分相似，請(qǐng)注意觀察?？隙ň涫剑褐髡Z + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 其它否定句式：主語 + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + not + 其它.一般疑問句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語 + 其它？注：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式：cancould , maymight , mustmust ，will-would，should-should。4.特殊疑問句式： 特殊疑問詞+be過去式+主語+其他？特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞過去式+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問詞+do/does過去式+

8、主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？What was your former name？ 你以前叫什么名字？Why was he late for school last Monday？ 上星期一他為什么遲到？What could she do twenty years ago？ 20年前她能做什么？規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式1.一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed。 looklooked playplayed startstarted visitvisited pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-d。 livelived useused taste-tasted3.

9、以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將 y 改為i ,再加 ed。 studystudied trytried flyflied4.以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音元音輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加 ed。 stopstopped planplanned stop-stopped preferpreferred基本用法 表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He suddenly fell ill last night. 他昨晚突然病倒了。表示過去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作She went to the cinema once a month when sh

10、e was at alked by the riverside. 我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)經(jīng)常在河邊散步。敘述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床，提水，打掃房間然后出去散步?！揪毩?xí)】一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up

11、oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. _ you _ (visit) your rela

12、tives last Spring Festival?11. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.12. Gao Shan _ (put) up the picture last night.13. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday.14. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning?15. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.16. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last

13、night.17. I listened but _ (hear) nothing.18. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term?二、按要求變換句型。1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑問句）_ Frank _ an interesting book about history?2. He cleaned his roomjust now. （劃線提問） What_ he _?3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句

14、）Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book.4. My family went to the beach last week. （劃線提問）_ _ _ family _ last week?1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening?He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They a

15、ll _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend.She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the projec

16、t on Monday morning? Yes, he _.9. How _(be) Jims weekend? It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。構(gòu)成：be+現(xiàn)在分詞。be應(yīng)為，應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致?！咀ⅰ縿?dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞后加-ing，如：work-workingstudy-studying2.動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾，要去-e加-ing，如：make-makingdan

17、ce-dancing3.重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再加-ing，如：put-puttingbegin-beginning4.以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-ie變成y再加-ing，如：lie-lyingtie-tying寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式dance_shop_play_speak_have_work_write_take_study_sit_sing_swim_lie_變化：式：主語+be( am, is, are)+其它.式：主語+be(am, is, are) +not +其它.：Be(am, is, are) +主語+其它？：+be(am, is, are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它

18、？對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答。用法（包括高級(jí)用法)：4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞連用時(shí)帶有。Hes always quarrelling with others. 他老喜歡跟別人吵架。She is constantly worrying about her sons health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔(dān)心著。The boy is forever asking questions. 那個(gè)男孩老是問問題。這類情況常與always總是，usually通常，continually不斷的，constantly經(jīng)常的，forever永遠(yuǎn)、老是等副詞連

19、用。5,有的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子和同義。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示問者的關(guān)切心情。How are you feeling today? （How do you feel today?）你今天感覺如何？I am looking （look）forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再來。Why are you looking（do you look）so sad? 為什么你看起來這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢？【練習(xí)】一.填空題1Mr Zheng _ (read) a book now.2. The rabbits _ (jump) now.3. Look ! Tom and John _ (s

20、wim).4. My brother _ (make) a kite in his room now.5. Look! The bus _ (stop).6. We _ (have) an English class now.8. They _(catch) butterflies now.9. He _ (do) an experiment now.10. They _(collect) stamps now.11. Look! He _ (dive) now.12. Tom _ ( watch ) TV in the dining room.13. The doctors _ (get )

21、 off the bus.14. Come on. They _ ( leave ) now.15. It _ (eat) fish now.16. My father _(work) in the office now.17. Where is your mother? She _ (answer) the phone.18. The teachers _ (run) now.二、按要求改寫句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_對(duì)The boy提問：_2. 造句:1).she,the window,open,no

22、w.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)_2).is,who,the window,cleaning?(連詞成句)_3).She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)_4.)You are doing your homework.(用I作主語改寫句子)_5).they,the tree,sing,now,under.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)_6).The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑問句)_過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：（一）概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。(二)結(jié)構(gòu)：were/were+V-ing.

23、(三)標(biāo)志詞：1.atthis/thattime,2.atthis/thattimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week),3.at+點(diǎn)鐘+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday)，4.whensb/sth.didsth.lastevening5.thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while等。例如：Iwasmakingfruitsaladatthistime.Theywerestudyingfrom8:00to11:00yesterday.一般過去時(shí)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及簡(jiǎn)略回答。1.肯定句:主語+was/w

24、ere+V-ing+其它.IwaswatchingTVatthattimelastnight.2.否定句:主語+was/were+not+V-ing+其它.IwasnotwatchingTVatthattimelastnight.3.一般疑問句：was/were主語+V-ing+其它?WereyouwatchingTVatthattimelastnight?肯定回答：Yes,Iwas.否定回答：No,Iwasnt.特殊問句:疑問詞was/were主語+V-ing+其它?Whatwereyoudoingatatthattimelastnight?(五)基本用法：1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)

25、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。(用介詞短語和從句來表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))IwassleepingatthistimelastSunday.(過去某一時(shí)刻)Mymotherwascookingdinnerat9:00yesterday.(過去某一時(shí)刻)WewerehavingsupperwhenTomcamein.我們正在吃晚飯時(shí)電話響了（從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或事情。（thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while,when等。）Lucywasworkingallday.（過去某一段時(shí)間）WewerewatchingTVfromsevenoc

26、locktonineoclocklastnight.3.在復(fù)合從句中，從句和主句的動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)性或同時(shí)發(fā)生，那么主從句都要過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasresdingnewspaper.他邊等車邊看報(bào)。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的）HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.他洗車時(shí)我在做飯。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行）when和while的用法區(qū)別when既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間。因此when在狀語從句中的動(dòng)詞可以終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞while只指一段時(shí)間。while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。when說明從句的動(dòng)作和主

27、句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后生；while則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。后用一般過去時(shí)。While后面一般用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while引導(dǎo)，Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.=Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.b.Theyweresingingwhileweweredancing.【練習(xí)】1.I_at8:00yesterday.A.wassleepinglateB.sleptlateC.sleepl

28、ate2.They_atthistime.A.talkingonthephoneB.weretalkingonthephoneB.wastalkingonthephone3.Lilywasstandinginfrontofthelibrary_.A.twohoursagoB.tomorrowC.atthattimeyesterday4.I_whentheUFOarrived?A.wascuttinghairB.wascuttinghairC.cuttinghair5.Myfatherwasreadingnewspaper_mymotherwascookingdinner.A.whenB.whi

29、leC.what6.Mybrother_whilehe_hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell,wasridingB.fell,wereridingC.fell,rode7.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthetime.A.workedB.wasworking.C isworking8.-whatwereyoudoingatsevenoclocklastSunday?-I_theshower.A.wasgettingoutofB.gotoutofC.wasgetoutof9.I_mybreakfastwhent

30、hebellrang.A.hadB.washavingC.amhaving10ThereportersaidthattheUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.wastravelingB.traveledC.traveling11.-Whatsthematter,Ali?Youlooksad.”-Oh,nothingmuch.infact,I_ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingWhat_fromthreetofouryesterdayafternoon?A.haveyou

31、doneB.didyoudoC.wereyoudoing13.-Icalledyouyesterdayevening.buttherewasnoanswer.-Oh,ImsorryI_dinneratmyfriendshome.A.hadB.washavingC.have14.Mymother_whilemyfather_TV.A.cooked,waswatchingB.wascooking,waswatchingC.cooked,watched15.whenIgothome,myson_themusic.A.amlisteningB.listenedtoC.waslistening二、動(dòng)詞填

32、空。1.John_（work）alldayyesterday.2.He_（walk）homewhentherain_（begin）.3.-What_you_（do）attenoclockyesterday-I_（study）inclass4.WhileHarry_（have）breakfast,Lilytelephonedhim5.I_(write)aletterattenlastnight.6.Itwassix.TheGreens_(have)supper.7.Whenyou_(knock)atthedooryesterday,I_(do)somewashing.8.Whilemymothe

33、r_(watch)TV,I_(make)akite.9._you_(feed)theanimalsat5:00yesterdayafternoon?10.MrsGreen_(notwash)clothesatthistimelastSaturday.三、按要求改寫句子。1.IwasgettingoutofbedwhentheUFOlanded.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）_you_whentheUFOlanded?2.Theyplayedtennisyesterdayafternoon.(用at5:00yesterdayafternoon改寫句子)They_tennisat5:00yesterdayaf

34、ternoon.Whileitwasraining,theplanetookoff.（改為同義句）Itwasraining_theplane_off.4.昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘我爸爸在看報(bào)紙。Myfather_anewspaperat8:00yesterdayevening.5.電話響時(shí)，我媽媽在做晚飯。Mymother_whenthephone_.6.當(dāng)外星人買紀(jì)念品時(shí)，我報(bào)了警。_thealienwasbuyingasuvenir,I_thepolice.Iwaswashingmyshoesatthattime.（改為一般問句）_yourshoesatthattime?五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：概念：過去發(fā)生或

35、已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（一）構(gòu)成：主語have/hasV過去分詞?！癶ave /has”如何使用需記清。當(dāng)主語是I，you和復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)要用have；單數(shù)主語后跟has。也就是說have/has需同主語的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。（二）用法接觸一：肯定句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是“have（has）過去分詞”。如： We have just finished our homework She has gone home注意：1）該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。2）該句式中have（has）和

36、過去分詞之間可用just插入。3）把該句式譯成漢語時(shí)，往往用“已經(jīng)”、“剛剛”、“過”或“了”等。接觸二：疑問句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或has提到主語之前。如： Have you read this story book yet？特殊疑問句及反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)如下： What have you done with my bike? Youve read this story book, havent you?注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句往往在句末加yet。2）把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句譯成漢語時(shí)，往往譯成“過嗎？”、“已經(jīng)了嗎？”等。3）其肯定回答用“Yes，have（ha

37、s）”，否定回答用“No，havent（hasnt）”，有時(shí)用“No，not yet”或“No，never”。接觸三：否定句式：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是“havent（hasnt）過去分詞”。如： We havent studied Unit 2 yet The train hasnt stopped yet注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句句末往往加yet。2）否定句常譯為“還沒有”等。接觸四：用法之一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如：Have you read that story？你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎？（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)

38、容。）I have bought two apples 我買了兩個(gè)蘋果。（“買”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋果。）在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑問句和否定句中。如：I have already finished my homework我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。He has just had his meal他剛吃過飯。Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？T

39、hey havent started yet他們還沒有動(dòng)身。We have never heard of it我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。接觸五：用法之二 :表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。注：這一用法即現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have 等；使用的時(shí)間狀語通常由for或since 引導(dǎo)，但二者后接的詞有所不同：for后常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段，指某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，如for three years, for half an hour等。since 作介詞，后面可

40、以接一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如since 1980，也可以接“一段時(shí)間+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。since 還可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句。如：We have known each other since we went to college.句型It is the first （second, third.) time that.的that從句中， 謂語動(dòng)詞須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到說話時(shí)為止動(dòng)作發(fā)生過幾次。如：It is the first time that I have been here.接觸六：現(xiàn)在完成

41、時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去。試比較：The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒。）The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻鐘以前抵達(dá)的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去。）接觸七：have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法1. have(has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：Mr. Brown has been in Shan

42、ghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。2. have(has) been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, never等連用。如：Ive just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長(zhǎng)城。3. have(has) b

43、een to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。如：Ive been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。4. have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。如：Where is Tom? 湯姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bookshop.他到書店去了。接觸八：常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語除了我們講過的already, yet,

44、still，just, ever, never, since短語和 for短語外，還有許多時(shí)間狀語常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，我們要留心將它們和一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語區(qū)分開來：1. lately, recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語；just now 有a moment ago 之意，是過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。如：Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you see Joan just now?2. in the past few years 意思是“過去幾年來”，常用于完成時(shí)中；in the past意思是“在過去”，常用于過去時(shí)中。 如：G

45、reat changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.Where did you work in the past?3. ever since then與from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意，但前者常用于完成時(shí)，而后兩者常用于過去時(shí)。如：Shes lived here ever since then. I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that.4. before 通常用于完成時(shí)；.ago通常用于過去時(shí)。如：I have never b

46、een to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago.5. so far“到目前為止”， these days“這些天來”也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見的時(shí)間狀語。如：So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. What have you done these days?接觸八：過去分詞有規(guī)則與不規(guī)則兩種。規(guī)則的變化形式與動(dòng)詞的過去式一樣。不規(guī)則就需要記憶了不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞A. 原型：過去式和過去分詞完全不同drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung swim-s

47、wam-swum sing-sang-sung sink-sank-sunk give-gave-given hide-hid-hidden do-did-done see-saw-seenB. 過去式與過去分詞完全相同bright-brought-brought think-thought-thought fight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught sell-sold-soldC.原型與過去分詞相同D.原形與過去式和過去分詞完全相同cast-cast-cast cut-cut-cut put-put-putlet-let-

48、let set-set-set hit-hit-hit【練習(xí)】一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. I_never_（speak）to a foreigner2. _Tom_（return）the library book？ Yes，he has3.When_he_（return）it？ Half an hour ago二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句，每空一詞。1、He has already finished his homework（改為否定句）He _ finished his homework _2They have found the lost books already（改為一般疑問句，并作

49、否定回答）_ they _ the lost books _？No，they_3Julia has not got home from school yet（改為肯定句）Julia _ _ _ home from school 4You have never been to Shanghai before，_ _ ？（改為反意疑問句）5. Hes gone to Beijing, _ _?（改為反意疑問句）6Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in1999（改為同義句）Mr Wang _ _ English in this school since19997. He hasnt left home for 3 days.(同義句)He _ _ _ home for 3 days.三、選擇正確答案。(1Who is Mary ？_？I saw you talking with her at the me