EnergyEfficiencyandIntelligentBuildings能量效率與智能建筑課件中英文

1、Energy Efficiency and Intelligent Buildings,能量效率與智能建筑,Energy Efficiency, a rising concern,Energy Efficiency,distribution ：分布分配 investment ：投資 投入 volatile 不穩(wěn)定的 significantly：意味深長(zhǎng)的 involving ：涉及 有關(guān) region 領(lǐng)域 implementation ： 實(shí)現(xiàn) 履行 be integrated in 統(tǒng)一到.中,Optimize T&D infrastructure（最好的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施） Deploy effi

2、cient substation automation（布置有效的自動(dòng)化變電站） Upgrade to smart metering solutions（升級(jí)到智能電表） Optimize quality and availability of supplied power優(yōu)化的質(zhì)量和高效 的提供電力） Measure and improve delivered power(輸出功率） quality Implement DG（實(shí)施國(guó)防指南） in frequently（經(jīng)常地） congested areas （人口密集區(qū)） Influence demand consumption（改變消費(fèi)

3、需求） Introduce new tariff structures and smart revenue metering （引入新的關(guān)稅結(jié)構(gòu)和智能收入計(jì)量） Implement AMR(實(shí)現(xiàn)AMR) Provide customers with accurate and relevant consumption data (為客戶提供準(zhǔn)確和相關(guān)消費(fèi)數(shù)據(jù)) Establish DR/DSM programs(創(chuàng)建DR/DSM項(xiàng)目）,Energy Efficiency has implications along the complete Energy value chain (1/2)（能源

4、效率的影響體現(xiàn)在整個(gè)能源價(jià)值鏈） On the Supply Side,Energy Efficiency has implications along the complete Energy value chain (2/2) （能源效率的影響體現(xiàn)在整個(gè)能源價(jià)值鏈） On the Demand Side,Act on Users (對(duì)于客戶） Educate people on efficient use of energy（有效的使用能源） Act on business related procedures（作用于業(yè)務(wù)相關(guān)的程序） Act on loads（對(duì)于負(fù)載） Replace,

5、renovate （修復(fù)）aging loads (lighting, motors, ) Implement intelligent load control (variable speed drives（無(wú)級(jí) 變速器）, regulation systems（調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)）, lighting control, .) Optimize quality and availability （高質(zhì)量的高效的）of on site power Measure and improve on site power quality Implement （實(shí)施執(zhí)行）backup generation Expl

6、oit co-generation means（實(shí)施熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)方案） Optimize supply costsspecific load profil Use the right tariffs （收費(fèi)）according to specific load profile （單位負(fù)載文件） Participate in（參加,加入） DR/DSM programs Resell excess power,Buildings are a major source of demand side energy efficiency,Buildings consume （消耗）over 40% of

7、total energy in the EU and US Between 12% and 18% by commercial buildings（商業(yè)大廈） the rest residential.（民用建筑） Implementing the EU Building Directive（實(shí)施歐盟建筑指令） (22% reduction) could save 40Mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent) by 2020. Consumption profiles（消費(fèi)類型） may vary but heating, cooling and lighti

8、ng are the major energy users in buildings Water heating is a major element（主要元素） for healthcare, lodging（住宿）, and schools. Lighting and Space Heating are the major elements for commercial and retail buildings.,運(yùn)輸：31% 商品房：41% 工業(yè)：28%,UE:歐盟,Equipment (lighting, HVAC, consumer appliances) are more & mo

9、re energy efficient,Lets dream : tomorrows energy efficient buildings would have ,A structure and walls of such insulation（performance （絕緣，保溫性能） that only 50 kWh/m2/year would suffice to（足以） achieve ideal thermal comfort(熱舒適度） All of its equipment to the optimal（最佳的） energy performance level (lighti

10、ng, HVAC（暖通空調(diào)）, office devices, ) Intelligence everywhere that would seamlessly handle energy usage optimization whilst guaranteeing（保證） optimal comfort, a healthy environment and numerous other services (security, assistance to elderly people, )智能無(wú)處不在,能夠無(wú)縫地處理能耗，同時(shí)保證最佳的舒適、健康的環(huán)境和很多其他服務(wù)(安全、幫助老年人,) Ren

11、ewable （可再生的）and non polluting energy sources The ability to satisfy its own energy needs (thermal and/or electric) or even contribute excess power to the community (zero/positive energy buildings)能夠滿足自身能源需求(熱能和/或電能)甚至能供給社會(huì)（零/正能量的建筑) Users whose behaviors would have evolved towards a reasoned usage

12、of energy（用戶行為向合理使用能源發(fā)展）,理想的智能建筑會(huì)是怎樣？,zero/positive energy buildings,Envelope & structure of buildings are very efficient : less than 50 kWh/m2/year are needed for an ideal thermal comfort,相變材料：相變材料(PCM - Phase Change Material)是指隨溫度變化而改變物理性質(zhì)并能提供 潛熱的物質(zhì)。轉(zhuǎn)變物理性質(zhì)的過(guò)程稱為相變過(guò)程，這時(shí)相變材料將吸收或釋放大量的潛熱。這種材料一旦在人類生活被廣泛

13、應(yīng)用，將成為節(jié)能環(huán)保的最佳綠色環(huán)保載體，在我國(guó)已經(jīng)列為國(guó)家級(jí)研發(fā)利用序列。,Intelligence is everywhere in buildings : for usages optimization, for comfort, for health, for services,Shutters, lighting, HVAC collaborate to reach global optimization : increase of more than 10 %global energy efficiency(百葉窗、照明、暖通協(xié)作達(dá)到全局優(yōu)化,增加超過(guò)10%的全球能源效率) Sens

14、ors provide information of air quality (pollution, microbes, ) and smart ventilation insure health傳感器提供空氣質(zhì)量的信息 (污染、微生物、)和智能通風(fēng)確保健康) Weather prediction（天氣預(yù)報(bào)） are integrated （融入）in control,HVAC:Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning（暖通空調(diào)）,MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006,Renewable, green energy source

15、s are largely used,Buildings become an energy (thermal &/or electric) production unit for local needs. They can even contribute to global electricity production,Existing experiences : Passivhaus in Germany, Minergie (迷你能源）in Switzerland, Zero Energy Buildings in USA,Intelligent House Duisburg,Buildi

16、ngs collaborate with（合作，協(xié)調(diào)） energy actors Real time（即時(shí)） management of sources & loads （負(fù)載）in buildings Buildings aggregate their needs to optimize transaction with energy providers （建筑與能源供給地之間最優(yōu)途徑） Buildings participate to services for quality & safety of electricity network,建筑成為能源生產(chǎn)體.,The dream is

17、already partly realitySince the 90s numerous pilot sites （試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)） have been built across the world,Stop and Shop, Royal Ahold （皇家阿霍德）(Massachusetts - USA) （馬薩諸塞州） High energy efficiency lights with automated lighting control（自動(dòng)化控制的照明系統(tǒng)） Use of natural light (50 roof glass panels玻璃鑲板), Results : Annual

18、energy savings : 25%,（年度平均節(jié)能25%） 50% less energy for lighting Increase of average customer purchase versus other stores,（客戶量增加） Blanquefort College （布朗克福大學(xué)）(Aquitaine - France)（阿基坦法國(guó)） Use of solar energy : 120 m2 of solar collectors and 140 m2 of solar panels, On-line monitoring of energy consumptio

19、ns and air quality, Results : Coverage of energy needs by renewable energy : 42% Annual energy consumption : 72 kWh/m2（年度能源消耗:72kWh/平方米） Annual CO2 emission : 8 kg/m2（年度二氧化碳排放8kg/） 8 Brindabella Circuit, Canberra (Australia)堪培拉（澳大利亞的首都） Full control of HVAC, lighting, per office zone with activity s

20、ensors（傳感器） Use of eco efficient lights and photovoltaic panels for hot water production Results : Energy savings : 45% 45% less CO2 emissions Hot water energy needs 100% covered by on site solar energy,2005,2006,MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006,Turning the dream into a commercially deployable so

21、lutionExamples of available solutions - R&D fields related to Energy Efficiency,Offering solutions to optimize energy use in existing buildings and guarantee efficiency over time 75 % of the life cycle costs of a building are in the operation and alterations(改建） of the facility （設(shè)施）over 25 years. Re

22、novations in existing buildings can yield energy savings of up to 30%. Long term sustainable maintenance（維護(hù)） offering preventive maintenance can keep those savings in place Innovative solutions delivering（發(fā)表） energy efficiency in new constructions New concept of integrated（完整的） power and control bui

23、lding infrastructure with distributed intelligence（智能分布） Innovative lighting solutions based on LED technology Advanced autonomous sensors and actuators Smart integration of local distributed generation means,Tomorrows energy efficient buildings will require additional processing power at all levels

24、 of its infrastructure,MV/LV transformer station,Main LV Switchboard交換臺(tái)）,Main LV Switchboard,LV panel,Ultra terminal devices（終端設(shè)備）,New integrated power and control architecture,Integration of Power, Control and VDI at infrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施） and equipment level One same equipment, the Active Control Un

25、it, for the different electrical functions of the building Sharing of sensors（傳感器） between applications for active control Open communication to ensure inter operability（可操作性） and delivery (交付）of new services,A new dimension : LED based lighting,Lighting represents 14% of the overall （整體）energy need

26、s of a building. It is a major source of energy efficiency improvement. The performance of lighting is directly related to the technology of the light source but also greatly depends on the control strategy（控制策略） Frequent （頻繁的）on / off operations according to sensor data傳感數(shù)據(jù), Intensity control in or

27、der to ensure constant luminosity The gain throughout the use cycle exceeds 20% The progressive introduction of LED lighting is a rupture（破裂，破壞） In effectiveness In comfort of use Effective control of LED based lighting represents a double challenge Multi （并聯(lián)的）criteria control (based on intensity（強(qiáng)度

28、）, color temperature, focus), shared control between user & automation自動(dòng)化 Electric supply of these electronic loads,A new generation of autonomous sensors and actuators for active control,Further optimizing buildings energy efficiency requires extended means of measuring and controlling New types of

29、 sensors : environmental, presence, luminosity, A large quantity of sensors (more than 10 per room) : implies use of radio technology to reduce cost of installation and provide ease of evolution Average sensor cost of installation = 80 + rewiring if building evolves Sensors and actuators must be aut

30、onomous to limit operating costs installation without power connections No batteries to manage, change or recycle Current work focuses on a double innovation Sensor embedded power generation (no wires, no battery) and a technological rupture by introduction of MEMS technology to produce smaller, less consuming and smarter devices to allow mixing of sensors and packaging,Smart integration of distributed generation means and connection to the grid,The challenge Grid insertion difficulty of local distributed generation means Low interaction level with electricit