名詞專項(xiàng)講解

1、名詞要點(diǎn)名詞的分類（專有名詞和普通名詞）名詞的數(shù)1）區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，區(qū)分方法2）可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化，分為規(guī)則變化及不規(guī)則變化名詞所有格含義、構(gòu)成兩種形式：s所有格及of所有格知識(shí)點(diǎn)：一、名詞的分類1. 專有名詞：名字(人名、地名、書(shū)名、機(jī)構(gòu)名)、與國(guó)家有關(guān)的(國(guó)家、國(guó)民、語(yǔ)言)、日期（節(jié)日、星期、月份）2.普通名詞:包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示個(gè)體的人或事物例:sister、table、bike、window集體名詞表示一群人或一些事物例:family、police、class、group不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成物體的物質(zhì)或材料例:water、air、wood抽象名

2、詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等例:danger、interest區(qū)分方法：將物體分成兩半，如果每半不能叫原名，則為可數(shù)名詞，如果還可叫原名，則為不可數(shù)名詞。注：有些單詞意義發(fā)生變化，單復(fù)數(shù)也發(fā)生變化，例：glass作玻璃杯時(shí)可數(shù)，作玻璃時(shí)不可數(shù)?！咀⒁狻浚?）family,class等詞作為一個(gè)整體時(shí)視為單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)其家庭/族成員或班級(jí)成員時(shí)視為復(fù)數(shù)；（2）部分有生命的集體名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)的概念：police指警察、警官的總稱，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)。Thepolice(主語(yǔ))+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)people指人們、人民，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)。(The)people+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)people指民族，有單、復(fù)數(shù)變化e.g

3、.fifty-sixpeoples五十六個(gè)民族二、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式(1)規(guī)則變化：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成，通常是在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es1、一般情況在詞尾直接加s,例bags。2、以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例bus-busesbox-boxes。3、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，y變成i加-es例city-cities；以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，直接加s。4、以o結(jié)尾的除potato(馬鈴薯)、tomato(西紅柿)、hero(英雄)加es，其余直接加s。5、以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f或fe為v加es,roof、proof直接加-s，例life-liveswife-wivesroof

4、roofs。(2)不規(guī)則變化1. 單詞拼寫(xiě)發(fā)生變化man-men woman-women policeman-policemenfoot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child-children2、某國(guó)人變復(fù)數(shù)，口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面例：anEnglishman-Englishmen anAmerican-Americans(3)不可數(shù)名詞一般只用單數(shù)，它不能與a/an及數(shù)次搭配使用。表示數(shù)量時(shí)用量詞搭配。例：acupofcoffee(一杯咖啡)twoglassesofmilk(兩杯牛奶)threepiecesofpaper(三張紙)fourbottle

5、sofwater(四杯水)三、名詞所有格含義：名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系。表示形式：一種是s所有格，一種是of所有格BeijingisChinascapital.=BeijingisthecaptitalofChina.ThisisTomsbike=ThisisthebikeofTom.Lilyisthekeysowner.=Lilyistheownerofthekey.1 s所有格構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞及不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只需在詞尾加s，如Lucyspen路西的鋼筆ChildrensDay（兒童節(jié)）；以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加,如thestudentsbooks學(xué)生們的書(shū)。2幾個(gè)人共有的東西，

6、只需在最后一個(gè)人的名詞后加s,如LucyandLilysbedroom(露西和莉莉的臥室)。表示各自所有，則每個(gè)名詞都加s,如LucysandLilysdesks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。3.of所有格：1).of用來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的名詞所有格。themapofChinathedooroftheroom2).雙重所有格：of+名詞所有格 of+名詞性的物住代詞Heisafriendofmy_(brother).Issheadaughterof_(you)?1. Theygotmuch_fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavet

7、wo_andthreebottlesof_here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_tohishome.A.25minuteswalkB.25minuteswalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk4.Anold_wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson5.Helpyourselfto_.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandapp

8、leC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_.A.roomsnumberB.roomsnumberC.roomnumbersD.roomsnumbers7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room8._motherscouldntgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPetersB.MaryandPeterC.Marys

9、andPeterD.MarysandPeters9.LiLeihasbeento_manytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.herunclesC.herunclesD.aunts10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasnt_inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience11.Aclassmateof_washeretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursisters12.Agroupof_aretalk

10、ingwithtwo_.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen13.Theteam_havingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be14.“Wouldyoulike_?”“_,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_,butalsothefleshandbloo

11、dof_men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions三鞏固訓(xùn)練：1.Thisis_reading-room.A.theteachersB.teachersC.teachersD.theteachers2.Nothingwasfoundbut_broken.A.theroomwindowB.theroomswindowC.theroomofthewindowD.thewindowofroom3.Howmany_wou

12、ldyoulike?A.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbread4.Hewaspraisedforhis_.A.braveB.braveryC.bravelyD.greatbrave5.Pleasegetmeanew_whenyougototown.A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.trousers6.Thereare34_doctorsinthehospital.A.womanB.women C.womans D.womens7.Some_areeventhinnerthanyourlittlefinger.A.bamboo

13、B.bamboosC.kindsofbambooD.kindsofbamboos8.Hewasborninthistownandnowhelivesin_.A.Buildingsecond B.BuildingTwo C.theBuildingTwo D.BuildingtheSecond9.Oldasheis,hehas_todoeveryday.A.alotofworkB.muchworksC.lotsofhomeworksD.quitealotofhomeworks10.Jacksroomisfurnishedwith_.A.newfurnituresB.manynewfurniture

14、sC.manynewpiecesoffurnituresD.manynewpiecesoffurniture11.Haveyouread_newspaperyet?A.todaysB.TodaysC.thetodaysD.yourtodays12.Itsnotfar,only_walkfromheretoourschool.A.atenminutesB.tenminutes C.atenminutesD.tenminutes13.Lastmonth,hewroteme_letter.A.a1000-wordB.1000wordsC.a1000-wordsD.1000words14.Hehada

15、_sleepyesterday.A.agoodnightB.agood-nightC.agoodnightsD.good-nights15._isnotalongwaytodrive.A.ThreemilesdistanceB.Three-miledistanceC.ThreemilesdistanceD.Athree-mile-distance16.Hisisntfitforthework.Pleasegetme_.A.somethingelseB.somebodyelseC.someoneelsesD.somebodyselse17.Doyouknowhowlarge_is?A.popul

16、ationofChinaB.ChinesepopulationC.ChinapopulationD.Chinaspopulation18._istoomuchfortheboytocarry.A.TheboxweightB.TheboxsweightC.TheweightoftheboxD.Theboxoftheweight19.Excuseme,howcanIgettothenearest_shop?A.shoesB.shoeC.shoesD.shoes20.What_weatherwerehavingthesedays!A.niceB.aniceC.abadD.worse21.Theysa

17、ythatthemeetingwillbe_.A.ofveryimportantB.greatimportanceC.ofgreatimportanceD.greatimportant22.Imgoingtocallat_thisevening.A.MrBlackB.theBlacksC.MrBlacksD.Blacks23.WhatDarwinsaidwasanattackonpeoplesreligious_.A.beliefB.beliefsC.beliefsD.believs24.Therearesome_waitingforyououtside.A.GermanB.AmericanC

18、.grown-upD.Japanese25.Theirfactoryhasdevelopedakindof_tohelppeoplewalk.A.machineB.machinesC.amachineD.themachine26.Thereremany_inmybrothersalbum.A.leafsB.toysC.booksD.stamps27.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtalotof_.A.tomatoesB.potatosC.vegetableD.meats28.UponhearingwhatIsaid,his_rose.A.anger

19、B.angryC.angrilyD.angriness29.Excuseme,canyouchangethis_forme?A.five-poundnoteB.fivepoundsnote C.five-poundnotesD.fivepoundsnotes30.Youhavetomake_foryourjourneyA.preparingB.preparation C.apreparationD.preparations四課堂過(guò)手訓(xùn)練：1.Wehaventgotmuchforourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?(07)AappleBtomatoCbreadDbiscuit2.Iveread_sportsnewsabouttheFlracetoday.(05)AtwoBpiecesCtwopieceDtwopiecesof3.Linda,Iveboughtmany.Nowletsmakethebirthdaycake.（03）A.fresheggsB.chocolatemilkC.frozenfoodDricedumplings4.Youcangetmuch_abouttheW