外文翻譯--電梯的負(fù)載特性.doc

外文資料翻譯1Inthearticlehasanalyzedtheelevatorloadcharacteristics,elaboratedusesthetrapezoidaccelerationcurvetheelevatoridealvelocitycurve,unifiesthefrequencychangerandthePLCperformance,elaboratedtheelevatorcontrolsystemconstitutionandtheoperationalfactor.Elaboratedtheelevatorspeedcurveproducesthemethod,hasinducedthecharacteristicwhichdesignsbyPLCconstitutioncontrolsystemsoftware.Keyword:Loadcharacteristicsidealvelocitycurvecontrolsystemsoftwaredesign文中分析了電梯的負(fù)載特性，闡述了采用梯形加速曲線的電梯理想速度曲線，結(jié)合變頻器和PLC的性能，論述了電梯控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成和工作特性。闡述了電梯速度曲線產(chǎn)生的方法，歸納了由PLC構(gòu)成的控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞：負(fù)載特性理想速度曲線控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)1.OutlineAlongwiththeurbanconstructionunceasingdevelopment,thehigh-riseconstructionunceasinglyincreases,theelevatorhasthewidespreadapplicationinthenationaleconomyandthelife.Theelevatortookinthehigh-riseconstructiontheverticalmovementtransportationvehiclealreadyandpeoplesdailylifeisinseparable.Infacttheelevatorisaccordingtoexteriormovementandsooncallingsignalaswellasowncontrolrule,butcallsisstochastic,theelevatorisapersonmachineinteractivecontrolsysteminfact,purelyiscannotsatisfythecontrolrequestwiththesequentialcontrolorthelogicalcontrol,Therefore,theelevatorcontrolsystemusesthestochasticlogicalwaycontrol.Atpresenttheelevatorcontrolgenerallyhasselectedtwomethods,oneisusesthemicrocomputertotakethesignalcontrolunit,completestheelevatorsignalgathering,therunningstatusandthefunctionhypothesis,realizestheelevatorautomaticdispatchandthecollectionchoosesthemovementfunction,drivesthecontroltocompletebythefrequencychanger；Thesecondcontrolmode(PLC)substitutesforthemicrocomputerrealizationsignalcollectionwiththeprogrammablecontrollertochoosethecontrol.Saidfromthecontrolmodeandtheperformance,thesetwomethodscertainlynottoobigdifference.Thedomesticfactorymostlychoosesthesecondway,itsreasonliesintheproductionscaleslightly,owndesignandthemanufacturemicrocomputercontroldevicecost外文資料翻譯2ishigher；ButPLCreliabilityhigh,programmingconveniencenimble,theantijammingabilitystrong,themovementstableisreliableandsoonthecharacteristic,thereforethepresentelevatorcontrolsystemwidelyusestheprogrammablecontrollertorealize.1.概述隨著城市建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展，高層建筑不斷增多，電梯在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和生活中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。電梯作為高層建筑中垂直運(yùn)行的交通工具已與人們的日常生活密不可分。實(shí)際上電梯是根據(jù)外部呼叫信號(hào)以及自身控制規(guī)律等運(yùn)行的，而呼叫是隨機(jī)的，電梯實(shí)際上是一個(gè)人機(jī)交互式的控制系統(tǒng)，單純用順序控制或邏輯控制是不能滿足控制要求的，因此，電梯控制系統(tǒng)采用隨機(jī)邏輯方式控制。目前電梯的控制普遍采用了兩種方式，一是采用微機(jī)作為信號(hào)控制單元，完成電梯信號(hào)的采集、運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和功能的設(shè)定，實(shí)現(xiàn)電梯的自動(dòng)調(diào)度和集選運(yùn)行功能，拖動(dòng)控制則由變頻器來(lái)完成；第二種控制方式用可編程控制器（PLC）取代微機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)集選控制。從控制方式和性能上來(lái)說(shuō)，這兩種方法并沒(méi)有太大的區(qū)別。國(guó)內(nèi)廠家大多選擇第二種方式，其原因在于生產(chǎn)規(guī)模較小，自己設(shè)計(jì)和制造微機(jī)控制裝置成本較高；而PLC可靠性高，程序設(shè)計(jì)方便靈活，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定可靠等特點(diǎn)，所以現(xiàn)在的電梯控制系統(tǒng)廣泛采用可編程控制器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。2.ElevatoridealperformancediagramIndicatedaccordingtothemassiveresearchandtheexperiment,thepersonmayacceptthemaximumaccelerationisam=1.5m/s2,accelerationrateofchangerhom=the3m/s3,elevatoridealperformancediagrammaydivideaccordingtotheaccelerationisthetriangle,thetrapezoidandthesineprofile,Asaresultofsineprofileaccelerationcurverealizationmoredifficult,butthetrianglecurvemaximumaccelerationandisstartingandappliesthebrakethesectionturningpointaccelerationrateofchangetobebiggerthanthetrapezoidalcurve,namely+rhomjumpsto-rhomorjumpsfrom-rhomto+rhothemaccelerationrateofchange,thereforeverylittleuses,becausethetrapezoidalcurveiseasytorealizeandhasthegoodaccelerationrateofchangefrequenttarget,thereforeiswidelyused,usesthetrapezoidalaccelerationcurveelevatoridealperformancediagramlikechart1toshow:2.電梯理想運(yùn)行曲線根據(jù)大量的研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,人可接受的最大加速度為am1.5m/s2,加速度變化率m3m/s3,電梯的理想運(yùn)行曲線按加速度可劃分為三角形、梯形和正弦波外文資料翻譯3形，由于正弦波形加速度曲線實(shí)現(xiàn)較為困難，而三角形曲線最大加速度和在啟動(dòng)及制動(dòng)段的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)處的加速度變化率均大于梯形曲線，即+m跳變到-m或由-m跳變到+m的加速度變化率，故很少采用，因梯形曲線容易實(shí)現(xiàn)并且有良好加速度變化率頻繁指標(biāo)，故被廣泛采用。Theintelligentfrequencychangerisfortheelevatorspecial-purposefrequencychangerrequestandsoonelevatornimblevelocitymodulation,controlandhighaccuracyevenlevelwhichbutspeciallydesigns,mayuseforpartsthegeneralthree-phaseasynchronousmotor,andhasfunctionandsoonintellectualizedsoftware,standardconnection,menuprompt,inputelevatorcurveandotheressentialparameter.Ithasthedebuggingconveniencequickly,moreovercanautomaticallyrealizethesinglemultilayeredfunction,andhastheautomaticoptimizationdecelerationcurvethefunction,iscomposedthevelocitymodulationsystemcrawlingtimebyitfew,theevenleveldistanceisshort,nomatteristhedoublewindingelectricmotor,orelectricmotorsuitable,itshighestdesignspeedmayreach4m/s,itsuniquecomputermonitoringsoftware,maychoosetheserialinterfacerealizationinput/outputsignalthenon-electroniccontactcontrol.Thefrequencychangerconstituteselevatorsystem,whenthefrequencychangerreceivesthecontrollertosendoutshoutstheladderdirectionsignal,thefrequencychangerbasishypothesisspeedandtheaccelerationvalue,thestartingmotor,afterachievedthemaximumspeed,theuniformspeedmoves,whenarrivesthegoalleveldecelerates,thecontrollersendsoutshutsoffthehighvelocitysignal,reducesthespeedwhichthefrequencychangerestablishesthemaximumspeedtoreducetothecrawlingspeed,Indeceleratesinthemovementprocess,thefrequencychangercantheautomaticcomputationdeceleratetotheevenlevelspotbetweendistance,andcalculatestheoptimizedcurve,thuscanaccordingtotheoptimizedcurvemovement,causethelowspeedcrawlingtimetoreduceto0.3s,thefrequencychangerthroughadjustslevelingthespeedintheelevatorevenlevelprocessorappliesthebrakethepitchtoadjustlevelingtheprecision.Namelywhentheelevatorstopstooearly,thefrequencychangerincreasesthelowspeedvalueorthereductionappliesthebrakethepitchvalue,otherwisereducesthelowspeedvalueorincreasesappliesthebrakethepitchvalue,whentheelevatortoleavesevenlevelposition4-10cm,hastheevenlevelswitch外文資料翻譯4automaticseparationlowspeedsignal,thesystemaccordingtotheoptimizedcurverealizationhighaccuracyevenlevel,thusachievedtheevenlevelaccurateisreliable.智能變頻器是為電梯的靈活調(diào)速、控制及高精度平層等要求而專門設(shè)計(jì)的電梯專用變頻器，可配用通用的三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)，并具有智能化軟件、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口、菜單提示、輸入電梯曲線及其它關(guān)鍵參數(shù)等功能。其具有調(diào)試方便快捷，而且能自動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)單多層功能，并具有自動(dòng)優(yōu)化減速曲線的功能，由其組成的調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的爬行時(shí)間少，平層距離短，不論是雙繞組電動(dòng)機(jī)，還是單繞組電動(dòng)機(jī)均可適用，其最高設(shè)計(jì)速度可達(dá)4m/s，其獨(dú)特的電腦監(jiān)控軟件，可選擇串行接口實(shí)現(xiàn)輸入/輸出信號(hào)的無(wú)觸點(diǎn)控制。變頻器構(gòu)成的電梯系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)變頻器接收到控制器發(fā)出的呼梯方向信號(hào)，變頻器依據(jù)設(shè)定的速度及加速度值，啟動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)，達(dá)到最大速度后，勻速運(yùn)行，在到達(dá)目的層的減速點(diǎn)時(shí)，控制器發(fā)出切斷高速度信號(hào)，變頻器以設(shè)定的減速度將最大速度減至爬行速度，在減速運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，變頻器的能夠自動(dòng)計(jì)算出減速點(diǎn)到平層點(diǎn)之間的距離，并計(jì)算出優(yōu)化曲線，從而能夠按優(yōu)化曲線運(yùn)行，使低速爬行時(shí)間縮短至0.3s,在電梯的平層過(guò)程中變頻器通過(guò)調(diào)整平層速度或制動(dòng)斜坡來(lái)調(diào)整平層精度。即當(dāng)電梯停得太早時(shí)，變頻器增大低速度值或減少制動(dòng)斜坡值，反之則減少低速度值或增大制動(dòng)斜坡值，在電梯到距平層位置410cm時(shí)，有平層開關(guān)自動(dòng)斷開低速信號(hào)，系統(tǒng)按優(yōu)化曲線實(shí)現(xiàn)高精度的平層，從而達(dá)到平層