初中英語(yǔ)一般過去時(shí)

一 般 過 去 時(shí) 講 解 與 練 習(xí)定義表示的是：某個(gè)動(dòng)作作發(fā)生在過去的時(shí)間里，并且這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成了。常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often, always等頻率副詞連用。一、巧記一般過去時(shí)：動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)，表示過去發(fā)生的事；be用was或用were, have, has變had；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過去式，過去時(shí)間作標(biāo)志；一般動(dòng)詞加-ed，若是特殊得硬記。否定句很簡(jiǎn)單，主語(yǔ)之后didnt添； 疑問句也不難，did放在主語(yǔ)前； 不含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)如果謂語(yǔ)之前有did，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需還原；動(dòng)詞若是was, were,否定就把not添。 含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)疑問句也不難，要把was，were放在主語(yǔ)前。be的一般過去時(shí)：學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞be的一般過去時(shí)，下面有一口訣，它可以幫你們更好地掌 握動(dòng)詞be的一般過去時(shí)。 be的過去時(shí)有四巧： 一是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)巧， 表示過去的短語(yǔ)要記牢； 二是形式巧，單數(shù)was，復(fù)數(shù)were； 三巧是否定句結(jié)構(gòu)，not緊跟waswere； 四是疑問句式巧，waswere向前跑(提前)?！疽磺伞繒r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（即標(biāo)志詞）巧。一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，恰巧與表示過去的一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1. yesterday或以其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等；2. 由“l(fā)ast+一時(shí)間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等；3. 由“時(shí)間段+ago”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等；4. 其它：just now等5. 由某些表示過去時(shí)態(tài)的從句等?！径伞啃问角?。它與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，形式多樣：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱單數(shù)或第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用was；主語(yǔ)是第二人稱或其他人稱復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were。 例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在學(xué)校。 They were over there a moment ago 剛才他們?cè)谀沁??！救伞糠穸ň浣Y(jié)構(gòu)巧。與動(dòng)詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，它在動(dòng)詞后面加not即可變成否定句，并且was, were與not可以縮寫成wasnt, werent。即： 主語(yǔ) wasnt werent 表語(yǔ) 其他。例如： I was not (wasnt) here yesterday 昨天我不在這兒。 My parents were not (werent) at home last Sunday 上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】 疑問句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用問號(hào)即可變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?。即?Was(Were) 主語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 其他？這恰巧與動(dòng)詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問句式相似。例如： Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家嗎？ Was she late this morning今天早上她遲到了嗎？ 更巧的是疑問句的答語(yǔ)也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主語(yǔ)waswere”； 否定回答用“No,主語(yǔ)wasntwerent”。 例如：Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now 剛才魏華和韓梅在這兒?jiǎn)幔?Yes, they were (No, they werent) 是的，她們?cè)?。（不，她們不在。?一般過去時(shí)主要是通過謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化來表示的。英語(yǔ)中每種時(shí)態(tài)都要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化。在一般過去時(shí)里，要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞“過去式”。原形動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，可以概括為兩類：一類是規(guī)則的變化，另一類是不規(guī)則的變化。1.規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞過去式規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞過去式(1) 在詞尾加ed 或d英語(yǔ)中大部分動(dòng)詞過去式都是規(guī)則變化的，即在動(dòng)詞后加上ed；如果結(jié)尾字母是不發(fā)音的e，則只要加上一個(gè)d就行了。例如：work-worked clean-cleaned play-playeddecide-decided live-lived love-loved(2) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加edstudy-studied hurry-hurried carry-carried(3) 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母再加edstop-stopped drop-dropped 2.不規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞過去式不規(guī)則變化是指過去式不能加ed，用另外一個(gè)詞來表示。這樣的不規(guī)則過去式也有很多，只有靠一個(gè)一個(gè)去記憶了。例如：is/am-was are-were have/has-hadshall-should will-would can-could may- mightgo-went come-came take-took sit-sat say-said get-got swim-swamrun-ran write-wrote sing-sang tell-told speak-spoke begin-began break-broke不規(guī)則變化中，還有少數(shù)詞的過去式與原形動(dòng)詞完成相同；read的過去式只是讀音改變了。例如：cut-cut put-put let-let read-read redkeep-kept feel-felt sleep-sleptsweep-swept build-built lend-lent send-sent spend-spentring-rang sit-sat drink-drank sing-sang swim-swam think-thought buy-bought bring-brought fight-foughtteach-taught catch-caughtknow-knew grow-grew throw-threw draw-drew3.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的讀音在清輔音p k f s 等后，ed要讀t。例如： worked, finished在元音或濁輔音b g v z m等后，ed要讀d。例如：lived, called在t或d后，ed讀id。例如：started，needed一般過去時(shí) - 疑問句型過去時(shí)的一般疑問句可以分為兩類。1.was / were, 它們的一般疑問句是將was / were,移到主語(yǔ)前面，否定句是直接在它們后面加上not。例如：He was very busy last Friday.He wasnt very busy last Friday. Was he very busy last Friday? Yes, he was. / No, he wasnt2. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式的一般疑問句，是在主語(yǔ)前加上did；否定句是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加上did not，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為動(dòng)詞原形。請(qǐng)注意：過去時(shí)不分人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)，都是加did或did not。 例如：Li Ming studied English this morning.Did Li Ming study English this morning？Yes, he did. /No, he didnt.Li Ming didnt study English this morning.We often played badminton together.Did you play badminton together? Yes, we did. / No, we didnt.We didnt play badminton together.其次，had 作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的話，加did或did not. 例如：They had a meeting last Friday.Did they have a meeting last Friday? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.They didnt have a meeting last Friday.3.過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句How did you find the job? I found it in the newspaper.這工作你是怎么知道的？我從報(bào)紙上看到的。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)要和現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間相聯(lián)系，而一般過去時(shí)和說話的“現(xiàn)在”沒有聯(lián)系。His father is a film director.他父親是電影導(dǎo)演。 (他現(xiàn)在還是) His father was a film director.他父親曾是電影導(dǎo)演。 (他現(xiàn)在不是) How do you like the novel?你覺得這部小說怎么樣？ (還在看小說) How did you like the novel? 你覺得這部小說怎么樣？ (已看完小說) 一般過去時(shí) - 句型口訣一般過去時(shí)并不難，表示過去動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)記心間。動(dòng)詞要用過去式，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句末站。否定句很簡(jiǎn)單，didnt 站在動(dòng)詞原形前，其它部分不要變。一般疑問句也好變，did放在句子前，主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑問句也簡(jiǎn)單，疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。最后一條請(qǐng)注意，動(dòng)詞過去式要牢記?！菊n堂練習(xí)】一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_put _ throw _ kick_ pass_ do _二、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.三、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday10. 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night.四、 改錯(cuò)題1How is Jane yesterday? _ 2He go to school by bus last week. _ 3He often goes home at 6:00 last month. _ 4I can fly kites seven years ago. _ 5Did you saw him just now. _ 6Tom wasnt watch TV last night. _ 7I didnt my homework yesterday. _ 8He wait for you three hours ago. _ 9Who find it just now ? _10.What make him cry (哭) just now? _【課后練習(xí)】1、 單項(xiàng)選擇： 從下列各題后所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案填空。( )1 My fatherill yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent( )2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were( )3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was( )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt ( )6. I cleaned my classroom _. A with three hours B three hours ago C in three hours D three hours before( ) 7. I came _ my house two days ago . A back on B back to C to back D back( ) 8 . _? He did some reading at home. A What does your father do yesterday evening B What does your brother do in the school C What did your brother do over the weekend D Where did your brother go last Sunday( ) 9. What did you do _ ? I went to the movies. A next morning Bover the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday( ) 10. The koala sleeps _，but gets up _. A during the day; at the evening B at day ;during night C in the day ;during the evening D during the day ; at night二、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空。1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _.9. How _(be) Jims weekend? It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _.三、翻譯下列句子1. 我過了一個(gè)忙碌但卻刺激的周末。 I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend.2. Jenny喜歡看書。昨晚她看了一本英語(yǔ)書。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night.3. Emma每天都看電視?？墒亲蛱焖麤]有看。 Emma_ TV every day. But he _ _ _ yesterday.4. 上周六他們做什么了？他們做作業(yè)和購(gòu)物了。 What _ they _ _ Saturday? They _ _ homework and _ _.5. 今天早上方方得做飯，因?yàn)樗赣H不在家。 This morning Fangfang _ _ _ _ because his father _ _ _ yesterday. 6. 你還有什么要說的？ What _ would you like _ _? 7. 放學(xué)別忘了向老師說聲再見。 Dont forget _ _ _ _ the teacher. 8. 為什么你昨晚沒有看電視？ Why _ you _ TV last night? 9. 他在打掃教室的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有塊表。 When he _ the classroom, he _ a watch on the ground. 10. 他什么時(shí)候出生的？1980年。