寫作點撥系列(四) (2).ppt

寫作點撥系列（四）段落寫作之段落的展開,【核心點撥】段落的發(fā)展技巧較常用的有以下幾種：按時間順序展開、按空間順序展開、按過程展開、舉例等。1.按時間順序展開在敘述一個故事或者一系列事件時，通常按事件發(fā)生的先后順序排列句子。在說明文中敘述做一件事應該遵循的程序或步驟時，也常用時間順序法。,常用銜接詞和短語首環(huán)節(jié)first,atfirst,firstofall,inthefirstplace,tobeginwith等。中間環(huán)節(jié)second,secondly,inthesecondplace,next,afterwards,afterthat,then,later,another,third,thirdly,stillanother,inaddition,besides,furthermore等。末環(huán)節(jié)lastly,atlast,finally,eventually,intheend等。,2.按空間順序展開空間順序指按物體的空間位置(自左至右，由近到遠，由上至下，由下到上，由里到外，由外到里，由中間到兩邊等順序)來展開段落。常用的銜接詞和短語besituated/locatedin/on/at,besurroundedby,nextto,totheeast/south/west/northof,closeto,from.to.,above,over,under,below,between,across,opposite等。,3.按過程展開描述涉及多個步驟，應該按照過程的發(fā)展順序把這些步驟交代清楚，在這一類文章里常常用祈使句和不定代詞“你”來表達。描述過程的常用銜接詞和短語(1)Firstly.Secondly.Thirdly.Finally.(2)First,Then,Next,Afterthis,Lastly.(3)Afterwards,Furthermore,Moreover,Inadditionto.,4.舉例舉例法是一種常見的展開段落的方法，它用典型、具體而生動的事例來證明、闡述一個觀點，支持主題句，使段落主題句具體化，使文章通俗易懂。但是，段落中必須精選例子，要做到恰如其分、準確地說明問題。舉例法常用的銜接詞(1)介詞短語：forexample,forinstance,bywayofexamples等。(2)形容詞短語：suchas,such.as.等。(3)副詞：as等。(4)動詞短語：takeanexample,take.forexample,drawanexample等。,【對點訓練】下面有五篇短文，在段落的展開方面各有側(cè)重，請補全句子并標明屬于哪類情況的展開技巧。1.IwasfartoohappythatwemadeanappointmenttovisitBeijingtogether_(下周末).HowIappreciatetheopportunitytobeyourguideinBeijing!ButImafraidwellhavetomakeit_(下次),becauseIllbemeetingmyuncleattheairport.HeisonbusinessfromAustralia,andwillbehome_(僅有兩天).Itsararechancefor,nextweekend,anothertime,foronlytwodays,ourfamilytogetreunitedsincehelefthometenyearsago.Ihopeyoullforgivemefornotkeepingmyword.Ifitsconvenientforyou,wecanmakeit_(下下個周末),oryoumaymakethechoice,OK?答案：按時間順序展開,theweekendafternext,2.Asamatteroffact,thereremanywaysforustodealwithourmentalproblems._(首先),wecanturntoourteachersforhelp,includingourpsychologyteacher._(其次),communicationisofvitalimportance.Whenwehaveatalkordiscussionaboutourproblemswithourfriendsorclassmates,wecanfeelgreatlyrelieved._(最后但同樣重要的),weneedtodevelopapositiveattitudetowardsourstudiesandourlife.Wearingasmileisnotonlyasignoffriendlinessbutalsoacureforbadfeelings.答案：按過程展開,Firstofall,Second,Lastbutnot,least,3.Australia_(坐落在太平洋的西部).Itcoversanareaof7.6millionsquarekilometers.Ithasasmallpopulationofover10million._(多數(shù)人靠海生活在這個國家的東部).Canberra,thecapitalofAustralia,isabeautifulcity.SydneyisoneofthebiggestcitiesinAustralia.Ithasmanyplacesofinterest.TheOperaHouseisfamousthroughouttheworld.答案：按空間順序展開,liesonthewestofthePacificOcean,Mostofthemlive,intheeastofthecountrybythesea,4.Somehighschoolgraduatesseeayearoffasachancetorecoveraftertwelveyearsofrequirededucation,butitcanalsogivestudentsachancetoexploretheirinterests.Studentshopingtobedoctors,_(例如),couldlearnabouttheprofessionbyvolunteeringinahospital.答案：舉例,forexample,5.Dearfriends,Doyouwanttoliveinabeautifulworld?Soitisourobligationtomaintaintheecologicalbalance.Tofulfillthistask,weshouldbearthefollowingecologicalcodesinmind._(首先堅持步行去學校的習慣),andweshouldeatatleastfivekindsoffruitsandvegetablesaday.Itsalsoimportanttorecycleeverythingrecyclableandcherishourschoolsenvironmentbypickingupanylitterandturningoffthetapsandlight