英語倒裝句詳解

倒裝句詳解概念：用以表示一定句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要和強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分的需要, 分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝.一.完全倒裝： 句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前.此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí).1.以here, there, now, then等副詞或 out, in, up, down, away等表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首以示強(qiáng)調(diào), 句子要全部倒裝, 謂語動詞常用come,go, be, lie,run,rush等.2. 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首時(shí)A beautiful lake lies at the foot of the hill At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.注意：在上述句子中, 如果主語為人稱代詞, 則主、謂不需要倒裝.In he came and back he went again. Away he went . 二.部分倒裝：be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞提前到主語的前面.Is am are was were（be動詞）do does did（助動詞） can could would may will might（情態(tài)動詞） 等1.only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首時(shí), 要進(jìn)行部分倒裝. Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.Only after he came back was I able to see him.注：only修飾主語, 仍用自然語序, 如：Only socialism can save China. I seldom go to the cinema. 倒裝：Seldom do I go to the cinema. 我很少去看電影I have never seen such a performance.倒裝：Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來沒有看過這樣的表演2.否定副詞及介詞短語的否定詞位于句首時(shí).高考?？嫉倪@類詞或詞語有：never , not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等 .3.not until 引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首引起的主句部分倒裝He didnt finish his homework until his mother came back. 倒裝：Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework. 直到他的媽媽回來, 他才完成作業(yè).The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.倒裝：Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.等到孩子睡著了, 媽媽才離開房間注意：當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句, 主句倒裝, 從句不倒裝.4、as/ though (雖然, 盡管）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句名詞形容詞副詞分詞+asthough+主語+其他Although I am ugly, I am gentle.倒裝：Ugly as I am, I am gentle. Though he is a child, he has to make a living. 倒裝：Child as he is, he has to make a living. 注意：從句的表語是名詞, 其名詞前不加任何冠詞 5.用于so nor neither 開頭的句子 A、So +be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語某人也是如此Nor/neither +be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語某人也不是如此 1). 他喜歡讀書, 我也是He likes reading very much. So do I . 2). 我從來沒有去過廣州大學(xué), 他也是I have never been to Guangzhou University, neither/ nor has he. Betty is a nice girl. So she is B、So +主語+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞某人確實(shí)如此6.在 hardly/scarcely/when； no soonerthan; not only but also；so.that; suchthat 的倒裝句中, 前倒后不倒. hardly/scarcely/ no sooner后句子的謂語用had done, when/than后句子的謂語用一般過去時(shí) (1) Hardly / Scarcely had he fallen asleep when a loud knock at the door awaked him.(2) No sooner had I reached the station than train moved. (3) Not only is he interested in football but also he plays it well.(4) So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English.7. If 虛擬條件從句中.從句有(were/should/had)1）If I were you, I would work hard. 倒裝：Were I you, I would work hard. 2) If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting. 倒裝: Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting. 3）If he had followed my advice, he would have succeeded.倒裝：Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded. 8.May置句首, 表示祝愿.May you succeed.祝你成功！補(bǔ)充知識1.全部倒裝 全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前.此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí).常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有： 1)here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示來去或狀態(tài)的動詞.Then came the chairman. 那時(shí)總裁來了. Here is your letter. 你的信. 2)表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首, 謂語表示運(yùn)動的動詞. Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機(jī)肚底下竄出一枚導(dǎo)彈. Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐著一個(gè)老嫗. 注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞, 如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝.Here he comes. 他來了. Away they went. 他們走開了. 2.部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前.如果句子的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞, 則需添加助動詞do, does或did, 并將其置于主語之前. 1.句首為否定或半否定的詞語, 如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time決不, in no way, not until 等.Never have I seen such a performance. 從未見過如此糟糕的表演. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 無論如何你不會找到這個(gè)問題的答案的. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母親一直到孩子入睡后離開房間. 2.當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句, 主句倒裝, 從句不倒裝.注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝. I have never seen such a performance. -never have I seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. -not until the child fell asleep the mother did leave the room.改寫為正常語序?yàn)? Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前, 后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了. 3.以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than等, 要倒裝.Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他沒有收下禮物, 還狠狠批評了送禮的人. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛出門, 就有個(gè)學(xué)生來訪. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她剛出門, 就有個(gè)學(xué)生來訪. 4. so, neither, nor作部分倒裝 用這些詞表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒裝. Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 湯姆會講法語, 杰克也會. If you wont go, neither will I.你不去, 我也不去. 注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí), 不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).意為的確如此.Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 湯姆邀我去踢球, 我去了. -Its raining hard.-So it is. 雨下得真大.是呀. 5. only在句首倒裝的情況. Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有這樣, 你才能學(xué)好英語. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次, 他才來參加會議. 如果句子為主從復(fù)合句, 則主句倒裝, 從句不倒裝.Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重時(shí), 他才臥床休息. 6. as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動詞提前）.但需注意： 1）句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞. 2）句首是實(shí)義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語后.如果實(shí)義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實(shí)義動詞一起放在主語之前. Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力, 但總不能讓人滿意. 注意：讓步狀語從句中, 有though, although時(shí), 后面的主句不能有but, 但是 though 和yet可連用. 7. 其他部分倒裝 1）so that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí), 需倒裝.So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很, 動也不敢動. 2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中.例如： May you all be happy. 愿你們都快樂. 3）在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞, 可將if 省略, 把 were, had, should 移到主語之前, 采取部分倒裝.例如： Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的話, 就再試一次. 深化拓展一、全倒裝：五全=有 時(shí) 表 地 方經(jīng)常與be/come/exist/fall/follow/go/remain/seem/stand（表示移動或動態(tài)的不及物動詞連用）或用表示類似存在觀念的其他不及物動詞如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等1、有：在there be結(jié)構(gòu)里There is a box on the table.桌子上面有一個(gè)盒子.2、時(shí)：表示時(shí)間副詞, 如：now, then,Now comes your turn.現(xiàn)在輪到你了.3、表：表語放句子前,表語系動詞主語 的結(jié)構(gòu)Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. 格林先生和其他的客人在這個(gè)聚會上.Seated on the ground are a group of young men.一群年輕人坐在了地上.4、地：地點(diǎn)狀語放在句首In south of the river lies a small factory. 小工廠位于河的南方.From the valley came a cry.山谷傳來一陣哭聲.5、方：表方位的副詞here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等標(biāo)志詞放在句首There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.房子前面有一大片麥田.Off all the lights went when I came in.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí), 所有的燈都滅了.二、半倒裝：八部=不 只 讓步 也 常 需（虛） 如此 祝福1、不表示否定no, not, never, hardly, no,not,never,hardly,barely,seldom,rarely,scarcely,no longer,nowhereNever have I been to Beijing.我從沒有沒有去過北京.絕不：at n time, in no way, by no means, on no account, in no case, in/under no circumstanceAt no time can we give up.我們決不能放棄.Not until .:直到Not until my mother came home did I go to bed.知道我媽媽回家我才睡覺.Hardly/ Scarcely.(過完）.when.（一過）.:一.就.No sooner.(過完）.than.（一過）.:一.就.He had hardly got home when it happened to rain.=Had he hardly got home when it happened to rain.他一到家碰巧就下雨了.Not only.but also.:（前倒后不倒）Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他沒有收下禮物, 還狠狠批評了送禮的人2、只：only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句放在句子開頭時(shí).Only then did I realize that I was wrong.只有到那時(shí)我才意識到我錯(cuò)了.Only in this way can you learn from your mistake.只有用這樣的方法你可以從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí).Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.只有當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭于1918年結(jié)束時(shí)候, 他才能夠快樂地回到工作當(dāng)中. 當(dāng)only 之后所接的不是狀語時(shí)不可以用倒裝Only Comrade Zhang knows about the matter.只有張同志知道這件事.3、讓步：as/though/although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)要倒裝（形/副/名/動+as +主語 + 謂語）Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.盡管他們自豪, 但是他們還怕見到我.Child as he is, he seems to know everythi