XXMBA英語權(quán)威模擬測(cè)試題（一）

XXMBA英語權(quán)威模擬測(cè)試題（一） 以下xxMBA英語權(quán)威模擬測(cè)試題（一）由出guo在職研究生頻道為您精心提供，希望對(duì)您有所幫助。 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 . (10 points) The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is to say it anyway. He is that bird, a scientist who works independently any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. he, however, might tremble at the of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test, 12-15 points above the value of 100, and have contributed to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty geic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been to social effects, such as a strong tradition of education. The latter was seen as a (an) of geic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this state of affairs. 1. A selected B prepared C obliged D pleased 2. A unique B particular C special D rare 3. A of B with C in D against 4. A subsequently B presently C previously D lately 5. A Only B So C Even D Hence 6. A thought B sight C cost D risk 7. A advises B suggests C protests D objects 8. A progress B fact C need D question 9. A attaining B scoring C reaching D calculating 10. A normal B mon C mean D total 11. A unconsciously B disproportionately C indefinitely D unaountably 12. A missions B fortunes C interests D careers 13. A affirm B witness C observe D approve 14. A moreover B therefore C however D meanwhile 15. A given up B got over C carried on D put down 16. A assessing B supervising C administering D valuing 17. A development B origin C consequence D instrument 18. A linked B integrated C woven D bined 19. A limited B subjected C converted D directed 20. A paradoxical B inpatible C inevitable D continuous Section Reading prehension (50 points) Part A Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 . (40 points) Text1 The majority of suessful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of suess, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a work of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha ! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are oasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their panies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more plete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. 21. Aording to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to A speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem. B identify a problem. C bring together disparate facts. D stipulate clear goals. 22. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2 ? A They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis. B They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers. C They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do. D They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions. 23. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis ? A Manager X analyzes first and then acts ; Manager Y does not. B Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis ; Manager Y does not. C Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem ; Manager Y does not. D Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem ; Manager X does not. 24. The text provides support for which of the following statements ? A Managers who rely on intuition are more suessful than those who rely on formal decision analysis. B Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions. C Managers intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills. D Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently. 25. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text ? A An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given. B A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced. C The results of recent research are introduced and summarized. D Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated. Text2 Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration bees the organizing principle for rewriting the history of pre-industrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions. The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a natural spillover. Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English they would rather have stayed home by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New World munity. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. Bailyns third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to pre-industrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans. Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published books ? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture. Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. 26. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the text ? A A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land. B Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more suessful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. C Migrants to colonial North America were more suessful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century. D By the 1730s,migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. 27. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to A give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and England. B describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. C take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land. D relate the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United States. 28. Which of the following best summarizes the authors evaluation of Bailyns fourth proposition ? A It is totally implausible. B It is partially aeptable. C It is highly admirable. D It is controversial though persuasive. 29. Aording to the text,Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England ? A High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England. B The cultural achievements of colonial New England have generally been unrecognized by historians. C The colonists imitated the high culture of England ， and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. D The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England. 30. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about Bailyns work ? A Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture. B Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain. C Bailyns description of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. D Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America. Text3 Proponents of different jazz styles have always argued that their predecessors musical style did not include essential characteristics that define jazz as jazz. Thus, 1940s swing was belittled by beboppers of the 1950s who were themselves attacked by free jazzes of the 1960s. The neoboppers of the 1980s and 1990s attacked almost everybody else. The titanic figure of Black saxophonist John Coltrane has plicated the arguments made by proponents of styles from bebop through neobop because in his own musical journey he drew from all those styles. His influence on all types of jazz was immeasurable. At the height of his popularity, Coltrane largely abandoned playing bebop, the style that had brought him fame, to explore the outer reaches of jazz. Coltrane himself probably believed that the only essential characteristic of jazz was improvisation, the one constant in his journey from bebop to open-ended improvisations on modal, Indian, and African melodies. On the other hand, this dogged student and prodigious technician who insisted on spending hours each day practicing scales from theory books was never able to jettison pletely the influence of bebop, with its fast and elaborate chains of notes and ornaments on melody. Two stylistic characteristics shaped the way Coltrane played the tenor saxophone: he favored playing fast runs of notes built on a melody and depended on heavy, regularly aented beats. The first led Coltrane to “sheets of sound” where he raced faster and faster, pile-driving notes into each other to suggest stacked harmonies. The second meant that his sense of rhythm was almost as close to rock as to bebop. Three recordings illustrate Coltranes energizing explorations. Recording Kind of Blue with Miles Davis, Coltrane found himself outside bop, exploring modal melodies. Here he played surging, lengthy solos built largely around repeated motifs an organizing principle unlike that of free jazz saxophone player Orte Coleman, who modulated or altered melodies in his solos. On Giant Steps, Coltrane debuted as leader, introducing his own positions. Here the sheets of sound, downbeat aents, repetitions, and great speed are part of each solo, and the variety of the shapes of his phrases is unique. Coltranes searching explorations produced solid achievement. My Favorite Things was another kind of watershed. Here Coltrane played the soprano saxophone, an instrument seldom used by jazz musicians. Musically, the results were astounding. With the sopranos piping sound, ideas that had sounded dark and brooding acquired a feeling of giddy fantasy. When Coltrane began recording for the Impulse! Label, he was still searching. His music became raucous, physical. His influence on rockers was enormous, including Jimi Hendrix, the rock guitarist, who, following Coltrane, raised the extended guitar solo using repeated motifs to a kind of rock art form. 31. The primary purpose of the text is to A discuss the place of Coltrane in the world of jazz and describe his musical explorations. B examine the nature of bebop and contrast it with improvisational jazz. C analyze the musical sources of Coltranes style and their influence on his work. D acknowledge the influence of Coltranes music on rock music and rock musicians. 32. Which of the following best describes the organization of the fourth paragraph? A A thesis referred to earlier in the text is mentioned and illustrated with three specific examples. B A thesis is stated and three examples are given each suggesting that a correction needs to bemade to a thesis referred to earlier in the text. C A thesis referred to earli