云南省隴川縣第一中學(xué)高一英語(yǔ)《Unit4 Astronomy》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)（一）

云南省隴川縣第一中學(xué)高一英語(yǔ)Unit4 Astronomy教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)（一）Warming up, Reading and Comprehending一、Teaching content1. Talk about the problems with diet.2. Talk about balanced diet and nutrition.二、Important words and phrases1. theory n學(xué)說(shuō)；理論theoretical adj.理論上的2. begin with 以.為起點(diǎn)；起源于.；開(kāi)始做.start with 以.為開(kāi)始；從.著手end with 以.結(jié)束；end in 以.結(jié)尾3. violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地4. unlike prep.不同；不像dislike vt.不喜歡be unlike. = be different fromunlike sth./sb. 位于句首，常用于表示對(duì)比。5harmful adj. 有害的；傷害的harm n&vt. 損傷；傷害harmless adj. 無(wú)害的harmlessness n. 無(wú)害be harmful to 對(duì)有害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 對(duì)某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is (no) harm in (sb.s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有(無(wú))害處。It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事有(無(wú))害處。mean no harm 沒(méi)有惡意eg. (1)Fruit juice can be harmful to childrens teeth.果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。(2)What he did _ harmed his reputation. 他所做的損害了他的名聲。6. multiply v. 乘，增加，繁殖Eg.(1) 2 multiplied by 4 makes 8.(2) 2 added to 1 is /makes 3.(3) 4 divided by 2 is 2.7. lay eggs 下蛋l(fā)ay down 放下；犧牲，鋪設(shè)；制定lay off 解雇；停止lay aside 把.放在一邊 =put aside8exist vi. 存在；生存；維持生活existent adj. 存在的，現(xiàn)存的existence n. 存在，生存There exists/existed.某地有，存在exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠為生 exist by 靠生存come into existence 開(kāi)始存在；成立bring into existence 使發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生eg. (1)They exist on very little food. 他們靠極少的食物來(lái)生存。(2)That word doesnt _ exist in English. 英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有這個(gè)詞。9. give birth to產(chǎn)生；分娩Eg. What he said gave birth to a dispute.10puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂n. 難題；謎puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔細(xì)琢磨puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的答案；開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋be in a puzzle about sth. 對(duì)某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(set sb. a puzzle) 出個(gè)謎語(yǔ)叫某人猜be puzzled by 被迷惑Eg. (1)Its quite _a_ _ puzzle_ _to_ us why he did that.他為何做那樣的事，我們完全搞不懂。(2)This sentence _ puzzles_ me. 這個(gè)句子令我困惑。11in ones turn輪到某人；接著in turn依次；輪流；轉(zhuǎn)而；反過(guò)來(lái)by turns輪流；交替take ones turn輪到某人做了take turns依次；輪班，輪流Eg.We kept watch _ by_ _ turns_.We _ took_ _ turns_ to keep watch. 我們輪流守望。12prevent.from 阻止；制止stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事protect sb. from.保護(hù)某人不受侵襲，擋住，防御keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事Eg. (1)What can we do to _ prevent/stop/keep_ this disease _ from_ _spreading_？我們能做什么來(lái)防止這種疾病蔓延呢？(2)Dont _ keep_ others _ waiting_ for long.不要讓別人等太久。提示：(1)在被動(dòng)句中 from 均不能省略。如：We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我們無(wú)法外出。(2)protect.from.中 from后接能帶來(lái)傷害或損害之事物。如：They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他們擠在一起，免受風(fēng)吹。三、Sentence structures1. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into asolid globe.be to do.必將會(huì).；命中注定.,用來(lái)表示不可避免將要發(fā)生的事時(shí)，通常用過(guò)去時(shí)。、Eg. This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease.be to do的常見(jiàn)用法：（1）表示“將”、“計(jì)劃”、“安排”。(意思接近于be going to)如：Their daughter is to get married soon.Who is to question him？（2）表示“義務(wù)”、“應(yīng)該” 。(意思接近于should， must， ought to， have to)如：No one is to leave the building.誰(shuí)也不得離開(kāi)這樓房。You are not to smoke in this room.=You are not supposed to smoke in this room.You are to be back by 10 oclock.你必須十點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)。（3）表示可能性,相當(dāng)于can, may如:Such books are to be found in the library.這樣的書在圖書館里就能找到。Not a single sound was to be heard.一點(diǎn)兒聲音也聽(tīng)不到。（4）用于“ifwere to do”，表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨,運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就會(huì)延期。2. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.so.that “如此.以至于.”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句suchthat作“如此以致”解，連接一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句。與sothat意思相同，但用法不同。如：sothat這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，so后邊可加形容詞或副詞，而such后邊要用名詞（這個(gè)名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可以不帶）。因此，suchthat的句型結(jié)構(gòu)可分以下三種：1) sucha(an)adj.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞thatclausehe is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他非常聰明，大家都非常喜歡他。he was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.他非常誠(chéng)實(shí)，因而受到了老師的表?yè)P(yáng)。2)suchadj.復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞thatclausethey are such interesting novels that i want to read them once again.這些小說(shuō)非常有趣，我想再讀一遍。3)suchadj.不可數(shù)名詞thatclause4This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.這就形成一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命發(fā)展成為可能。本句中 it做形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)為不定式短語(yǔ) for life to develop。it做形式賓語(yǔ)還可以代替動(dòng)名詞或從句。Eg. He thinks it his duty to help others. 他認(rèn)為幫助別人是他的職責(zé)。He made it a rule to get up at six every morning. 他把每天早晨6點(diǎn)起床作為一項(xiàng)規(guī)定。You may depend on it that were honest. 你可以相信我們是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。拓展：it還可以做形式主語(yǔ)，代替真正的主語(yǔ)不定式(或不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))、動(dòng)名詞(或動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))或從句。(1)Itsadj.for sb. to do sth. 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是的。(2)Itsadj.of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事(3)Its/was/.who/that.是某人/某物做(4)It is/was the序數(shù)詞timethat.主語(yǔ)have/had done. 這是某人第次做(5)It is (high) time that.主語(yǔ)did/should do. 是該做的時(shí)候了。(6)Its said/reported/believed/announced that. 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)猜測(cè)/據(jù)稱(7)Its a pity/a shame/a wonder.that. 可惜/遺憾/奇怪的是(8)It happens/appears/seems that. 恰巧/看來(lái)/好像(9)It looks/seems as if. 看起來(lái)好像(10)Its up to sb. to do. 該某人做了Eg. (1)He didnt make _it_ clear when and where the meeting would be held.5But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步時(shí)，我發(fā)覺(jué)我被送出很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式有：(1)“A倍數(shù)形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)thanB”，表示“A比B大(長(zhǎng)、高、寬等)多少倍”。(2)“A倍數(shù)as形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(3)“A倍數(shù)the size/height/length/width, etc.ofB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(4)“A倍數(shù)what從句”，表示“A是的多少倍”。Asia is four times as large as Europe.The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.Asia is four times the size of Europe.Asia is three times larger than Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大(比歐洲大三倍)。6.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 既然重力改變了，行走的確需要一些練習(xí)(1)句中 does need是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。在一般句型中，do (does, did)常用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣，在句中要重讀，譯為“真的”“的確”“確實(shí)”等。You do look nice today. 你今天看起來(lái)真的很漂亮。Jack said he would come and he did come. 杰克說(shuō)他要來(lái)，他果真來(lái)了。在祈使句中，do表示強(qiáng)烈的請(qǐng)求，而不是命令，有時(shí)它可以使邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方的心意顯得更加客氣、熱情、友好，而且親切，此時(shí)的 do可譯為“千萬(wàn)，務(wù)必”等。Please do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐下。Do be careful next time. 下次千萬(wàn)要小心。(2)now that 在句中引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于 since，意為“既然，由于”，that 可省略。Now that you have finished your work, youd better have a rest. 既然工作已經(jīng)做完了，你最好休息一下。辨析：now that/because/since/as/fornow that 說(shuō)明已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)的原因，常譯為“既然”。because 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，回答的是用 why提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句，表示直接的或?yàn)槿怂恢脑?。since與 as語(yǔ)氣較 because 弱，表示顯而易見(jiàn)或已為人所知的原因。since 側(cè)重主句，as主從并重，語(yǔ)氣比 since 弱。for是連詞，用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由或提供一種解釋，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。Why did you do this? 你為什么這么做？Because it is good for you. 因?yàn)檫@對(duì)你有好處。Since you have known it, I wont repeat it. 既然你已經(jīng)知道了，我就不重復(fù)了。Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. 穿上結(jié)實(shí)的鞋子，因?yàn)槲覀円卟簧俾贰t rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹Ｋ?、ReadingStep 1 pre-reading1. Show students a picture about solar system. Let them match the names with the planets. Each religion and culture has its own ideas about the origin of life on the earth. Let students tell different stories that they know.2. Predicting by looking and discussing(1) Look at the pictures and title of the reading passage and discuss in pairs what the passage might be about.(2) Two or three students will give their opinions.(3) Let them read the passage quickly to see if they are right.Step 2 while-Reading1. Give students 3 minutes, and ask them to skim the passage to get the general idea for each paragraph and the passage.2. Allow students to read the passage carefully this time to get the important details, and then put the order of development of life into a timeline.(1) Insects and amphibians appeared.(2) Dinosaurs appeared.(3) The earth became a solid ball.(4) Small plants grow on the water.(5) Reptiles appeared.(6) Plants begin to grow on dry land.(7) The earth was a cloud of dust.(8) Water appeared on the earth.(9) Shellfish and other fish appeared.(10) The universe began with a “Big Bang”.(11) Clever animals with hands and feet appeared.(12) Mammals appeared.3. Give students 5 minutes to read the passage carefully, and then answer the following questions.1) What was there on the earth before life began?2) Why do scientists think there has never been life on the moon?3) Why did animals first appear in the sea?4) Why do green plants help life to develop?5) Why were mammals different from other animals?4. Give students 4 minutes to read the passage a third time. Encourage them to try to deal with the language points in the context. Give them some explanati