動(dòng)名詞的用法.ppt

,ModuleTwo,語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的講練,動(dòng)名詞,Grammar,動(dòng)名詞的定義,它是一種兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。基本形式為:v-ing,動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。,動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式：（以write為例）,注意：動(dòng)名詞的否定形式是：notwriting,V-ing形式的構(gòu)成方式：,1.在一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加詞尾ing。eg.gogoing;dodoing;askasking;read-readingstudystudying;carrycarrying;flyflying;worryworrying;2.在以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后，去掉e，再加-ing。ecominglivelivingdancedancingmakemaking3.在閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞后、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，而末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，將這個(gè)輔音字母雙寫(xiě)（x除外），然后再加ing.sitsitting;runrunning;beginbeginning;forgetforgetting4.在少數(shù)幾個(gè)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后：須將ie變作y，再加-ing。(這些動(dòng)詞詞典一般均注明)eg.diedying;tietyinglielying,動(dòng)名詞能在句中充當(dāng)什么成分？,以及同位語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞的基本用法,用作主語(yǔ)所表動(dòng)作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。Playingwithfireisdangerous.Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.注意：動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)先用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。1)Itisnouse/good/useless+doing2)Itisawasteoftime+doing3)Itisfun+doing在以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。Itsnousecryingoverspilt溢出milk.(覆水難收）Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子們一起玩真好。,3.句型Thereis往往用于說(shuō)明不允許、禁止某種活動(dòng)或是某件事情發(fā)生或存在。類似一種建議、命令等。1)Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.2)ThereisnodenyingthefactthatChinahasmadearapidprogressineveryaspectsinceitwasfounded.不容抵賴這個(gè)事實(shí)，中國(guó)自它成立以來(lái)已在各個(gè)方面都取得了飛速的發(fā)展。3)Thereisnolitteringabout.不許亂扔雜物。,2.用作賓語(yǔ),1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)某些動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式。常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有：advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,giveup,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,delay推遲耽誤,practise,resist堅(jiān)持suggest,dependon,thinkabout,setabout開(kāi)始做,succeedin,worryabout,burstout突然發(fā)生,insiston,beusedto,getusedto,devoteto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto準(zhǔn)備等。如：Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.他們繼續(xù)走，說(shuō)個(gè)不停。Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海灘上走真是樂(lè)事。,為了便于記憶，特歸納如下：,后跟-ing的動(dòng)詞的順口溜：,避免，錯(cuò)過(guò)，（少）延期建議，完成，（多）練習(xí)喜歡，想象，禁不住承認(rèn)，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒險(xiǎn)，（多）原諒忍受，保持，（不）介意,avoid,miss,postpone/putoff,suggest,finish,practice,enjoy,imagine,canthelp,admit,deny,envy,escape,risk,excuse,stand,keep,mind,2）作介詞的賓語(yǔ)Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?我們休息呢還是開(kāi)始干活？Despitelackingmoney,hisparentssenthimtoagooduniversity.Hewaslateagainbecauseofgettinguplate.Lockthedoorsandwindowsbeforegoingout.What/Howaboutthetwoofusplayinggames？,注意：to在下列短語(yǔ)中是介詞，常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。be/getusedtolookforwardtogetdownto開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做payattentiontodevoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于leadtocontributetoobjectto（反對(duì)）Letsgetdowntopreparingfortheexam.,動(dòng)名詞用在下列詞組后作賓語(yǔ)：giveup,canthelp,feellike,beworth,bebusy,setabout開(kāi)始做某事,putoff,thinkof，insiston等Icanthelplovingyou.Doyoufeellikehavingabreak?4)既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式的常用動(dòng)詞有：remember,forget,regret,mean,try等，但表達(dá)的意義不同。Irememberseeingheratthehotel.我記得在賓館見(jiàn)過(guò)她。(動(dòng)作發(fā)生了)Iwillremembertoseeheratthehotel.我記著要去賓館見(jiàn)她。(動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生),1remember/forget/regret,todo動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生,doing動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,2.try,todo設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力,doing試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）,3.mean,todo打算做（主語(yǔ)一般是人）,doing意味著（主語(yǔ)一般是物）,4.regret,todo對(duì)將要做的事抱歉,doing對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔,5.stop,todo停下去做另外一件事,doing停止做手頭的事情,注意,1.在一些動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in可以省略。這些結(jié)構(gòu)有：1）difficultytroubleS+have+problem+(in)doing.agood/hardtimefun2)Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.3)bebusyS+losetime+(in)doing.wastetime4)S+spendtime/money(in)doingsth.,注意,在帶有賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，往往用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將真正賓語(yǔ)（動(dòng)名詞）放在句尾。,Iconsideritawasteoftimearguingaboutit.Wefoundituselessdiscussingitagain.Idongthinkitworthwhiledoingitrightnow.,thinkconsideruselessS+findit+nouse+doingfeellikenogoodetc.,Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.),作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置。,）動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Wouldyoumind_（我開(kāi)窗戶嗎）？Wouldyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?my/me稱為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)IcantunderstandJack/Jacksleavinghiswife.Icantunderstandhis/himleavinghiswife.Jacks/Hisleavinghiswifeisunbelievable.動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),動(dòng)名詞的幾個(gè)注意事項(xiàng),邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是由物主代詞，人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格，名詞構(gòu)成。在句子開(kāi)頭時(shí)，必須使用物主代詞或名詞所有格。Hiscomingmadeusveryhappy.,（四）動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞之前，與所修飾的名詞間沒(méi)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示所修飾的名詞的功能、作用。Thesepassagesmaybeusedaslisteningmaterials.Mr.Wangsuffersfrominsomnia(失眠),hehastotakeasleepingtablets（藥片）beforegoingtobed.Heistoooldandhastowalkwiththehelpofawalkingstick（棍棒）.,nsmn,tblt,動(dòng)名詞做同位語(yǔ),Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradio,remainsunchanged.他收聽(tīng)收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍沒(méi)有改變。,四、動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),（一）一般式（beingdone)（二）完成式（havingbeendone),（一）一般式（beingdone),當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)所表示的是該動(dòng)作的對(duì)象（即動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作與邏輯主語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)式。,Hecameinwithoutbeingasked.Idontmindbeinglefthomeallbymyself.Hedislikedbeinginterruptedinhisexperiment.Tomavoidedbeingpunishedbecauseofhisfathersabsence.Beforebeingused,thecomputershouldbetested.,注意,在want,need,deserve,require等動(dòng)詞及形容詞worth后，總是用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于“tobe+過(guò)去分詞”。,Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).Thehousewantscleaning.Thewaydeservesmentioning.這個(gè)方法值得一提。Theseyoungtreeswillrequirelookingaftercarefully.TheSelectedPoemsiswellworthreading.,1.Thenewsthatourteamhadbeendefeatedwasdisappointed.2.LucydosentmindtolendyouherMP3.3.Aftertakehismeasure,theydecidedtogivehimtheposition.5.IstillremembertakentoShanghaiwhenIwasachild.,disappointing,lending,taking,being,Correctthemistakesineachsentence.,6.Iamnotusedtobespokentolikethat.7.Wewouldappreciatetohearfromyousoon.8.Peoplesometimescanthelptobuysomethingtheywontneed.9.IcanhardlyimaginePetersailsacrosstheriver.10.Tonywasveryunhappyforhavingnotbeeninvitedtotheparty.,being,hearing,buying,sailing,nothaving,選擇題：,1.Mywatchneeds_,butIhavenotimetogototowntohaveit_.torepair;repairedB.toberepaided;repairingC.repairing;repairedD.beingrepaired;repaired2.Youshouldapologizetoyoursisterfor_herthetruth.tellingB.nottellingC.tellingnotD.nottell3.-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_itoff.A.turningB.turnC.toturnD.havingturned,4.Hearingthebadnews,themothercouldnthelp_.tocryB.cryingC.cryD.