SocratesPPT課件

-,1,Socrates,-,2,Socrates（469BC399BC）HewasaClassicalGreekphilosopher,whowasthemostinterestingandinfluentialthinkerinthefifthcentury.,-,3,SocrateswasafamousancientGreekthinker,philosopherandeducator,heandhisstudentPlato,andPlatosstudentAristotlecalledAncientGreekthree-yin”andwasmorewidelyconsideredtobethefoundersofWesternphilosophy.,AncientGreekthree-yin,-,4,Accordingtomanyancientrecords,SocrateswasborninthegoldenageofAthens.,Hisfatherwasacarver,andhismotherwasamidwife.Helooksordinary,plainlanguage,butwiththeideaofdivine.HewasborninthemomentthatwonacompletevictoryinthePersianWar,grewupintheGoldenAgeofPericles,whenthewisemenfromallpartsofGreecegatheredinAthens.ThedemocraticsysteminAthenshasbroughtmanynewknowledgeandfreedom.TheyoungSocratesbenefitedgreatlyfromtheperiod.Aswellashegottheachievementsofhisown.,-,5,Somethingabouthislife,Socrateslivedahardlifethroughouthislifetime.Regardlessfreezingwinterorsultrysummer,healwaysworearegularclothes,andoftendidnotwearshoes,paynoattentiontoeating.Buthedidnotseemtonoticethese,justdedicatedtolearning.Hislifestories,achievementsinideology,recordedbyhisdisciples.,-,6,Whenhewasyoung,Socrateslearnedcarvingcraftfromhisfather.Later,hebecameinterestedintheworksofHomerandotherfamouspoets.Hebecameaknowledgeablepersonbyhimself.Hemadehislivingbyimpartknowledge.Overhis30years,hedidnottakearewardandnotsetupaschool.Hebecameasocialandmoralteacher.,-,7,ThroughhisportrayalinPlatosdialogues,Socrateshasbecomerenownedforhiscontributiontothefieldofethics,anditisthisPlatonicSocrateswhoalsolendshisnametotheconceptsofSocraticironyandtheSocraticmethod,orelenchus.,Hiscontribution,-,8,Elenchusremainsacommonlyusedtoolinawiderangeofdiscussions,andisatypeofpedagogyinwhichaseriesofquestionsareaskednotonlytodrawindividualanswers,buttoencouragefundamentalinsightintotheissueathand.,-,9,ItissaidthatSocratesalsomadeimportantandlastingcontributionstothefieldsofepistemologyandlogic,andtheinfluenceofhisideasandapproachremainsstronginprovidingafoundationformuchwesternphilosophythatfollowed.,-,10,Famousremark,Lifeislikemusic.Itmustbecomposedbyear,feelingandinstinct,notbyrule.人生如一首樂(lè)曲,要用樂(lè)感,感情和直覺(jué)去譜寫(xiě).不能只按樂(lè)律行事.Knowyourself.認(rèn)識(shí)你自己.Ourgreatestgloryconsistsnotineverfallingbutinrisingeverytimewefall.我們最值得自豪的不在于從不跌倒,而在于每次跌倒之后都爬起來(lái).Iknownothingexceptthefactofmyignorance.智慧意味著自知無(wú)知.,-,11,Socratesquestionedpeopleabouttheirviewofperfection,beautyandvirtue.Asaresult,hefoundthatalthoughtheythoughtthattheyknewalot,butinrealitytheydonotknowanythingatall.SoSocratesconcludes:heissmarterthanotherswasonlyintheaspectofwhichheadmittedwhathedidnotknow.ThewisdomofSocratescausedmanystupidpoliticiansinAthensturntoopposehim,leadingtothetrialofagodless.,ThedeathofSocrates,-,12,Atlast,Socrateswasadjudgedguiltyandsentencedtodeath.AccordingtotherecordsofXenophonandPlato,Socratesoriginallyhadtheopportunitytoescape,hisstudentswerereadytobribeprisonguardstohelpSocratesfleeAthens.Butherefusedbecausehelearnedthathemustabidebythelawsofthiscity-state.Sohestilldrinkspoisonpansyjuice.Basedontherecords,Socratesdiedquitecalm.,ThedeathofSocrates,-,13,AthensdidnotbecomemorebrilliantonaccountofkilledSocrates,noranyrecordaboutthosejudges.Soc