古希臘英語PPT課件

.,1,11thcenturyBC-mid-2ndcenturyBC,AncientGreek,.,2,Mountain,lessflat,fragmented,山地多，平地少，支離破碎。海洋國家,AegeanseaSpartaAthensMinorAsia,.,3,AncientGreekcityisactuallyanindependentcountry古希臘的城市其實是獨立的國家,8thcenturyBCtothe6thcenturyBCformedaslaverepublicanformofgovernment.Undermaritimetradestimulation,theancientGreekcityawayfromagriculture,andthusmorehandsindustrializationandcommercialization,alsofeaturesmoremoderncity.Finally,thereappearedaGreekcity-statePolis公元前8世紀到公元前6世紀形成了奴隸主共和制政體。在航海通商的刺激下，古希臘的城市遠離農(nóng)業(yè)，因而更加手工業(yè)化和商業(yè)化，也更具有現(xiàn)代城市的特點。最后希臘便出現(xiàn)了一個個城市國家城邦,.,4,AncientGreekcivilization,AncientGreekcivilizationhasbeenthedevelopmentofacomprehensive,highlyaccomplisheditsartsandcultureasapinnacleofworlddevelopmentofancientcivilizations.AdvocatingfreedomofancientGreekcivilization,richinpassion,butalsostressedtheideal古希臘文明曾得到全面的發(fā)展，其文化藝術(shù)的高度成就成為世界古代文明發(fā)展的一個巔峰。古希臘文明崇尚自由，富于熱情，又強調(diào)理想.,.,5,AncientGreekArt古希臘藝術(shù),AncientGreekartthatismagnificentgrandside,therearetheelegantside.Greekartexhibitharmonywithunparalleledintegritysurprising.ThemainfeaturesofGreekartisall-embracingharmonywithregularity,statelyandsolemn,itsmainfeatureisthehumanbody.古希臘藝術(shù)即有壯麗宏偉的一面，也有優(yōu)雅的一面。希臘藝術(shù)中表現(xiàn)出的和諧性與無比的完整性令人吃驚。希臘藝術(shù)的主要特點是無所不包的和諧性與規(guī)律性，莊嚴與肅穆，它的主要特點是人體美。,.,6,MoreLikeaLargemodernvillage,Smallhouseandhighcity-walls,THEGREEKCITIESTHATWEARREALLYSTATES,.,7,DiversestylesBuilding,Dignifiedandforceful,Hercules大力士,端莊雄渾,.,8,EvolvedfromtheancientGreekclothingclothingrestrictions由古希臘服裝演變的現(xiàn)代服裝,.,9,GERRKSELF-GOVERNMENT古希臘的自治,TheancientGreekswerethefirstself-governingnationinthehistoryoftheexperiment古希臘人是歷史上最早進行自治實驗的民族,.,10,AncientGreekautonomyinancientGreekmeantthepeopleinpower.Today,democracyanddictatorshipusuallyrefersopposite,apoliticalmodelminorityissubordinatetothemajorityofthepeopleorcitizensofthemasters.Democracymeansthatcitizensareequalinformtoadmit,wehavedecidedtorecognizeandmanagethenationalsystemofequalrightsofthecountry.古希臘自治在古希臘語中意思是人民掌握權(quán)力。今天的民主通常是指與專制相對立，少數(shù)服從多數(shù)的人民或者公民當(dāng)家作主的一種政治模式。民主意味在形式上承認公民一律平等，承認大家都有決定國家制度和管理國家的平等權(quán)利。,.,11,StartEqualityofallGreekspoorwelfare.所有希臘人貧福均等。,Smallvillagedevelopmentforthecity,theresidentsofthecityturnedintoasmallgroupofrichpeopleandalargegroupofpoorpeople.小村莊發(fā)展為城市，城市的居民變成了一小群富人和一大群窮人。,ThenAristocraticprivilege,ruledthecity,thewarappearstyrant貴族享有特權(quán)，統(tǒng)治城市，戰(zhàn)爭出現(xiàn)暴君,.,12,Early7thcenturyBC,theAtheniansweregivenalargenumberoffreementosay,letthemparticipateingovernmentadministration.公元前7世紀初，雅典人賦予為數(shù)眾多的自由民們以發(fā)言權(quán)，讓他們參與政府的管理。,Peopleusethestonestovote人們使用石頭投票,Citizensspeech公民演說,.,13,Athenianstofindareformer雅典人尋找到一位改革者,Solon,SolonisancientAthenspoliticians,legislators,poet,oneoftheSevenSagesofancientGreece.Solonfirst594yearsasthecity-statesfirstconsulinAthens,legislation,reform,knownastheSolonreform.梭倫是古代雅典的政治家，立法者，詩人，是古希臘七賢之一。梭倫在前594年出任雅典城邦的第一任執(zhí)政官，制定法律，進行改革，史稱“梭倫改革”。,Greekslearnindependence,relyingonitsownstrengthtobefree.希臘人學(xué)會獨立自主，依靠自己的力量獲得自由。,.,14,GERRKLIFE古希臘生活,TheancientGreeksasthesystemofslaveryasanecessary古希臘人視奴隸制為一種必要的制度,.,15,Theslavesoftheentirecityofcooking,bakingbread,makingcandles,etc.Allcontractorsdown.Theyarebarbers,carpenters,jewelryproductionworkers,primaryschoolteachersandlibrarians.奴隸們把整個城市的烹任、烤面包、制作蠟燭等工作全部承包下來。他們是理發(fā)師、木匠、珠寶制作工、小學(xué)教師和圖書管理員。,.,16,TheancientGreeksverysimplehouses古希臘人的房屋非常簡樸,SimpleinvogueontheancientGreekstable,theyloveclean,tidymodification,methodicallycombedhairandbeard,theyoftenexercise古希臘人餐桌上盛行的簡樸之風(fēng)，他們熱愛干凈，修飾整潔，頭發(fā)和胡子梳理得有條不紊，他們常常鍛煉,.,17,1.Theyknowthevirtuesoftemperance,beingdrunkisdisdainfulbehavior.他們懂得節(jié)制的美德，喝得酩酊大醉是遭人蔑視的行為。,2.Theyfeelthatthepublicdisplayofwealthfieldstationisquitevulgarbehavior他們覺得在公眾場臺炫耀財富是相當(dāng)庸俗的行為,3.Sotheywillowndailyneedstothelowestlevelofcompression,sothattheymaintainthetruespiritoffreedom.所以他們將自己的日常需要壓縮至最低的程度，以便他們維持精神的真正自由。,.,18,Theyoftenexercise,suchasgoingtothegymtoswim,suchastrackandfieldpractice,sohefeltstrong.TheynevercatchupwithfashionsinAsia,wearthosecolorful,patternedoutlandishcostumes.Menusuallydressedinwhitefull,asfashionablelookslikeamodernItalianofficialswearingblueshawlandpersonable.Inshort,theancientGreeklifeisnotonlymodest,butsimple.Chairs,tables,books,houses,carriages,etc.“thing”,itsownerwillalwaysoccupyalotoftimeintheend,theywilloccupytheirpeoplebecometheirslaves.Hehadexhaustingefforttotakecareofthem,clean,polish,polish.TheancientGreeksfirstwantis“freedom”isadoubleliberationofbodyandsoul.Sotheywillowndailyneedstothelowestlevelofcompression,sothattheymaintainthetruespiritoffreedom。他們常常鍛煉，比如去體育館游泳，比如練習(xí)田徑，好讓自己感覺強壯。他們從不追趕亞洲的流行式樣，穿那些色彩艷麗、圖案