2017 最實用最全的-小學英語語法ppt課件

一、名詞（可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞）二、人稱代詞三、冠詞四、動詞五、介詞六、數(shù)詞七、形容詞和副詞,八、therebe結構九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑問句4.祈使句十、時態(tài)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時2.一般過去時3.現(xiàn)在進行時4.一般將來時十一、“wh”的特殊疑問句,1,一、名詞,2,英語語法中，名詞有兩種數(shù)的形式：1）單數(shù)（表示一個人或事物）；2）復數(shù)（表示多于一個的人或數(shù)）。只有可數(shù)名詞才有復數(shù)形式。,名詞的數(shù)：,3,名詞復數(shù)形式的構成,4,由元音字母的變化構成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名詞的復數(shù)形式與單數(shù)的形式一樣：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是fishes)有些名詞變成復數(shù)時加-en:child-children,ox-oxen,不規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù),5,Practise,peach_2.zoo_3.glass_4.fox_5.lady_6.policewoman_7.house_8.photo_9.monkey_10.wife_11.rose_12.path_13.judge_14.map_,peaches,zoos,glasses,foxes,ladies,policewomen,houses,photos,monkeys,wives,roses,paths,judges,maps,6,二、人稱代詞,主格：Iweyousheheitthey賓格：meusyouherhimitthem形容詞性物主代詞：myouryourherhisitstheir名詞性物主代詞：mineoursyourshershisitstheirs,第一人稱,第二人稱,第三人稱,后跟名詞,能夠在句子中獨立作主語、賓語或表語,7,Practise,_(他)ismybrother.2.Ihadaletterfrom_(她).3.Itsallright;itsonly_(我).4.Today_(我們)wentin_(我們的)car;tomorrow_(我們)aregoingin_(他們的).5._(我)lend_(我的)booksgladlyto_(我的)friendsandto_(你的).6.Canyouhelp_(我)with_(我的)English.7.When_(你)gotosee_(你的)father,pleasetakethesebooksto_(他).8._(他們)found_(它)difficulttolearnGerman.,He,her,me,we,our,we,theirs,I,my,my,yours,me,my,you,your,him,They,it,8,所有格,所有格的形式單數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加schild-childs以-s結尾的單數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加swaitress-waitresss不規(guī)則的復數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加schildren-childrens以-s結尾的復數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加girls-girls以-s結尾的一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess,下列情況一般用“of”結構：東西(沒有現(xiàn)成的復合名詞時):thebookofthefilm2.東西的一部分:thebottomofthebox3.抽象的概念:thepriceofsuccess4.當of短語中的名詞被另一個短語或從句修飾時：Cantyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?,雙重,9,s結構也可以用于“of”結構之后，如：afriendofmyfathers,出現(xiàn)這種情況是因為在一個名詞前通常只用一個限定詞，又如：thissonofmine,afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。IsntFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTomshastoldmethesameJokefivetimes.,10,冠詞,不定冠詞a,an,定冠詞the,只能用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞,零冠詞,名詞前可不用冠詞,11,不定冠詞的用法：表示“一”，“任何一個”或“不管哪一個”的意思。Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在單數(shù)的表語名詞前，以表示職業(yè)、行業(yè)、宗教、等級等。Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以what引導的感嘆句中，單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前。Whataprettygirl!5.一些常用短語中。haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache.,12,定冠詞的用法：用來表示“獨一無二”的意思。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表示“說話的人剛剛提到過的人或事物”。Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介詞短語的名詞前。theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指的樂器名詞前。Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短語。bytheway,inthemorning,Whatsthematter?,13,零冠詞的用法：泛指的抽象名詞前。Lifeisveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指的物質(zhì)名詞前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指的復數(shù)名詞前。Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指的“餐”名前。Cometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多數(shù)的專有名詞前。HecomesfromFrance.6.語言的名詞前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季節(jié)和節(jié)日的名詞前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.當名詞前已有一些代詞修飾時。Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在體育項目的名詞前。playbasketball10.一些常用短語。athome,gotoschool,atnight,14,1.Thereis_notebookonmydesk.Iuse_notebooktokeepadiary.2.Thereis_bottleonthetable._waterinitissweet.3.Wangsmotheris_Englishteacher.Sheteachesin_primaryschool.4.Chinais_ancientcountrywith_longhistory.5.Chinahas_populationof12hundredmillion._Chinesepeopleare_greatpeople.6.Hermotheris_universityteacher.Sheis_honestwoman.7.Noneof_booksshouldbetakenoutof_roomwithout_permissionof_librarian.8._Partyalwaysteachesustoworkfor_peopleheartandsoul.9.Shestudiesat_No.3MiddleSchool.Shegoesto_schoolby_buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris_studentof_English.Shestudiesat_college.11._Mondaybefore_SpringFestivalwasverycold.12.Haveyouhad_dinner?,Practise,a,the,a,The,an,the,an,a,the,The,/,a,an,the,the,the,/,The,/,/,/,/,/,a,a,The,/,/,15,四、動詞,動詞主要表示動作，其次表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等形式的變化。,小學階段所涉及的動詞主要有：實義動詞、be動詞、情態(tài)動詞can等。,16,Be動詞,am,is,are,was,were,been,17,Practise,1.He_verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI_goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3._youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King_inLondontwoweeksago.5.There_manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What_thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl_flyingakite.8.Who_notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever_toJapan?10.I_notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.,is,are,Were,was,are,was,is,was,been,am,18,動詞的基本形式,19,第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式,動詞be和have的第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式分別是is和has。,20,動詞的過去式,21,現(xiàn)在分詞,22,has,had,having,gives,gave,giving,gets,got,getting,reads,read,reading,sweeps,swept,sweeping,plays,played,playing,carries,carried,carrying,Practise,23,五、動詞的時態(tài),動詞時態(tài)是表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時間和表示方式的一種動詞形式。,小學階段所學的時態(tài)有：一般現(xiàn)在時：work/works2.現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/areworking3.一般過去時：worked4.一般將來時：am/is/aregoingtowork,24,一般現(xiàn)在時,通常表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習慣性的動作或目前的狀態(tài)。常與時間副詞連用：always,often,usually,every,onSundays,twiceaweek等。,基本結構,25,現(xiàn)在進行時,通常表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進行著的動作。它所表示的動作具有持續(xù)性、暫時性和未完成性。常見的與現(xiàn)在進行時有關的詞有：now,thesedays,look,listen等。,基本結構,26,一般過去時,通常表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，其中也包括習慣性動作。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用：yesterday,last,ago,justnow,in1998等。,基本結構,27,一般將來時,表示將來發(fā)生的動作或情況。常與一些表示將來的時間狀語連用：tomorrow,next,Begoingtodo表示主體現(xiàn)在打算在最近或將來要做某事；也可以表示“預見”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況。,基本結構,28,Peter_(play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.Doyoubelievewhathe_(say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycat_(sleep)inthesofa.4.There_(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5._you_(see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She_(notplay)theguitaratthemoment.7.What_hisfatherusually_(do)intheevening?8.They_(have)ameetingnextweek,arentthey?9.BothheandI_(be)teachers.10.I_(notfeel)verywellyesterday.11.Heputonhiscoatand_(go)out.12.LeiFengoften_(help)othersandhewashelpful.NextSunday,we_(clean)upthepark.14.Hurry!Yourmother_(wait)foryouattheschoolgate.,Practise,plays,said,issleeping,is,Are,goingtosee,isntplaying,does,do,aregoingtohave,are,didntfeel,went,helps,aregoingtoclean,iswaiting,29,六、介詞,介詞在句子中表示名詞或代詞等與其他詞之間的關系。不能單獨作句子成分，常位于名詞或代詞（或與之相當?shù)钠渌~類、短語、從句）前面構成介詞短語。介詞后面的成分作介詞的賓語。,方位介詞,in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,infrontof,nextto,between,時間介詞,in,on,at,after,before,fromto,past,between,其它,of,by,with,into,outof,for,30,Practise,1.Look_thepicture.Itspicture_myschool.2.Thereisaschoolbuilding_myschool.Ithasfivefloors._theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground._school,thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.3.Myclassroomis_thefifthfloor.Itsbigandclean.4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomes_schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomes_bicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexercises_us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacard_her.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples_thetree.6.Wheresyourstudy?Itsnext_mybedroom.7.Thecar_thetreeisJacks.8.Theballis_thedoor,soyoucantseeit.9._thehouse,therearemanytrees.10.Listen!Someoneisknocking_thedoor.11.Thereissomethingwrong_mycomputer.,at,of,in,Near,After,on,to,by,with,for,on,to,under,behind,Infrontof,at,with,31,七、數(shù)詞,表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞,112的基數(shù)詞：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve1319的基數(shù)詞：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen2090的基數(shù)詞：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety2129的基數(shù)：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-ninethirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven.,-teen,-ty,十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號“-”,32,2.百位數(shù)：onehundred,twohundred,threehundred,fourhundredfivehundredandeight-six,sixhundredandninety-nine,sevenhundredandeight,eighthundredandone3.千位數(shù)：onethousand,fourthousand,seventhousandonehundredandfive,百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間加and。,注意,英語中沒有“萬”這個單位，所以常用thousand來表示。,tenthousand,thirtythousand,fifteenthousandonehundred,fivehundredandonethousandfourhundredandthirty-two,33,英語序數(shù)詞第1-19除了first,second與third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基數(shù)詞加后綴-th構成。注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth的拼法。2.十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構成方法是：先把十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞的詞尾ty中的y變?yōu)閕，然后加后綴-eth,如：twentytwentieth,fortyfortieth3.十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞如果含有1-9的個位數(shù)時，十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞，個位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，中間用“-”連字符。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、萬等的序數(shù)詞由hundred,thousand,million等加-th,前面加有關的基數(shù)詞構成。如：onehundredth,onethousandth注意：序數(shù)詞前的one不能用a代替。onehundredandtwenty-first,34,Practise,1.Thereare_daysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive2._peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof3.Therearetwo_peopleinthemeetingroom.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof4._treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years.A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof5.Mybrotherisin_.A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone6.Wearegoingtolearn_thisterm.A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix7.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis_.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five,C,D,A,A,B,D,C,35,8.Theyear1999shouldbereadTheyear_.A.nineteenandninety-nineB.nineteenninety-nineC.onethousandninehundredandninety-nineD.nineteenhundredandninety-nine9.Hewillcomehere_tomorrowmorning.A.atfifthB.attenC.ontwoD.tilltenth10.Everydayhebeginstodohishomework_.A.attenpastsevenB.atsevenpasstenC.ontenpastseventhD.untilten11.Wealllikethe_boy.A.oftenyearsoldB.ten-year-oldC.attenoldD.ofageoften12.Thereare_monthsinayear.Decemberisthe_monthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth13.During_century,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentiethD.thetwenty14.Jennywasborn_.A.onJuly10,1987B.inJuly10,1987C.in1987,July10D.on1987,July10,B,B,A,B,B,B,A,36,八、形容詞和副詞,形容詞是用來描寫或修飾名詞（或代詞）的詞。,副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句的詞。,Heisagoodstudent.2.Thefilmisveryinteresting.3.Thereissomethingwrongwiththebike.4.LucyisolderthanHelen.,Theproblemisverydifficult.2.Hewrotetheletterscarefully.,方式副詞：carefully,quickly,suddenly2.地點副詞：here,there,up,down3.時間副詞：yesterday,today,now4.程度副詞：very,quite,much,just,37,形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級,38,比較級的用法,1.用來把彼此獨立的事和人進行比較，表示“比更一些”的意思，通常用一個由從屬連詞than引導的狀語從句來表示和什么相比。為了避免重復，從句中有些成分可以省略。如：HelenistallerthanLucy.HegotmoreinformationthanIdid.HerunsfasterthanI.,2.如果我們要說兩個東西在某一方面是一樣的，我們就可以用“as+形容詞/副詞+as”,形容詞不用比較級而用原級。在作否定比較時，可以用notasas,notsoas,也可以用lessthan，如：Jimmyisastallashisfather.Idontwriteas/sowellasHelen.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.,39,比較級的用法,3.為了表示持續(xù)不斷的變化，我們可以用“雙重比較”的方法，這種結構后面不可跟than引導的比較狀語從句。如：Heiscryingharderandharder.Ourcountrygetsmoreandmorebeautiful.Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.,4.表示兩個變化是一起發(fā)生的，可以把比較級形式和the一起用，表示“越，就越”的意思。如：Thehigherthemountainis,thethinnertheairis.Theearlieryoustart,thesooneryouwillbeback.,40,Practise,1.Shanghaiis_thanBeijing.Itis_cityinourcountry.(large)2.Billisntas_asMike.Tomis_thanMike.Whois_ofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas_asBill,andsheismuch_thanhimatsinging.(well,good)4.Springiscoming.Theweatherisgetting_and_.(warm)5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.Johnscomputerismuch_thanTomsandmine.Itis_ofthethree.(expensive)6.Itisalittle_todaythanyesterday.(wet)7.MrsBrownismuch_thanshewastwoyearsago.(healthy)8.Whichdoyoulike_,basketball,volleyball,orfootball?(well),larger,thelargest,old,older,theoldest,well,better,warmer,warmer,moreexpensive,themostexpensive,wetter,healthier,best,41,Beijingersaretrue_totheworld.(friend)2.Look!How_Kittyislaughing!(happy)3.IthinkJulyis_thananyothermonthinourcountry.(hot)4.Shealwayslistenstotheteacher_inclass.(care)5.Theparkisoneofthe_parksinBeijing.(beautiful)6.ShespeaksEnglish,butnotas_ashisbrother.(good)7.Iwas_bythe_sound.(frightened,frightening)8.Themusicsounds_.(beautiful,beautifully)9.Dontmakesomuchnoise,oryouwillwakeupthe_boy.(sleeping,asleep)10.Yesterdaysconcertwaswonderful.Iveneverheardsuchan_onebefore.(excited,exciting),Practise,friendly,happily,hotter,carefully,mostbeautiful,well,frightened,frightening,beautiful,sleeping,exciting,42,Therebe的結構,肯定句：Thereis/wasaThereare/were一般疑問句:Is/Wasthere?Yes,thereis/was.No,thereisnt/was.Arethere?Yes,thereare/were.No,therearent/werent.否定句：Thereisnt/wasnt.Therearent/werent.,Therebe表示“存在有”,即當我們告訴某人某事存在(或不存在)常用這種結構。其中there是引導詞,本身無詞義;be為謂語動詞,后面跟的是名詞,也就是主語,也就是說therebe結構的運用也就是倒裝的具體運用。其真正的主語在therebe之后。,43,Therebe的結構,Some和any一般情況下，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句中。如：Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Therearentanypicturesonthewall.Isthereanythingnewintodaysnewspaper?,3.特殊疑問句：Whatsinthebasket?Therearesomeeggsinit.2)Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Therearefiftystudents.,2.Be動詞與后面所跟名詞的就近原則：Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox.Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.,44,Practise,1There_noteainthecupAisBareChasDbe2There_inthenextroomAisTomBaresomeboysCaretheyDistheboy3Thereissome_ontheplateAappleBbreadCbananaDsandwich4There_somepaperandapenonthedeskAisBareChaveDhas5Theresgoingto_intomorrowsnewspapersAhavesomethingnewBhavenewsomethingCbesomethingnewDbenewsomething6Thereissomemilkinthebottle，_？AisntthereBarentthereCisntitDarethere7_isthereonthetable？AHowmanyapplesBHowmuchbreadCHowmuchbreadsDHowmanyfood8Thereis_oldwomaninthecarABaCtheDan,A,B,B,A,C,A,A,D,45,9Theres_orangetreebehind_houseAan；theBa；aCthe；the10Thereis_mapintheclassroom_mapisonthewallAa；ABthe；TheCa；TheDthe；A11Thereis_“f”and_“u”intheword“four”Aan；aBa；aCan；anDa；an12There_notanywaterintheglassAhasBisCare13There_anappleandtenbananasinthebasketYoucantakeanyofthemAareBisChasDhave14_anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet？AIsthereBArethereCHasDHave15Thereislittlewaterintheglass，_？AisntthereBisntitCisitDisthere16There_somewaterinthebottleAareBisChasDhave17Howmany_arethereinyourclassroom？AdesksBdeskCchairDdoor,A,C,A,B,B,B,D,B,A,46,“Wh”的疑問句,What1)Whatsthis/that?2)Whatsyourname?3)Whatareyoudoing?4)Whatdoyoulike/need?5)Whatdidyoudo?6)Whatishisjob?7)Whatdoyouusuallydoattheweekends?8)Whatareyougoingtodo?9)Whatcolourisit?10)Wha