牛津譯林版8B Unit2 現(xiàn)在完成時延續(xù)性動詞

Presentperfecttensesinceandfor,8BUnit2Grammar2,Ihavebeento_.Wehavebeenin_forfivedays.,TheGreatWall,Weusehave(has)beentoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttosomeplaceandhasalreadycomeback.,某人去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了。,Weusehave(has)gonetoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttosomeplaceandisstillthere.,某人去了某人，現(xiàn)在仍然在那兒，還沒回來。,Daniel:(1)_youever_(be)toHongkong,Millie?Millie:No,butI(2)_(be)toAustraliawithmyparents.Daniel:Oh,thatsgreat!(3)_you_(visit)thefamousOperaHouseinSydney?,Have,been,havebeen,Have,visited,Millie:Yes,we(4)_(be)totheOperaHouse.Itwaswonderful!Lookatthephotos.Daniel:Wow!TheOperaHouseisreallywonderful,andyoulookgreatinthephotos.Haveyouvisitedanyotherinterestingplaces?,havebeen,Millie:We(5)_(be)tothebeach.Lookatthisone.Isntitbeautiful?Daniel:Yes,thebeachisverybeautiful.IsawAndythere,too.Millie:Yes.He(6)_(go)therewithhisfamily.,havebeen,went,Daniel:Really?I(7)_(notsee)himforsometime.He(8)_(notcome)backyet.Millie:Heandhisfamily(9)_(go)toShanghaitovisithisgrandparents.Theywillcomebacktomorrowmorning.,haventseen,hasntcome,havegone,小試身手,選用havebeento或havegoneto的適當形式填空。,1.MyfatherBeijing.Hewillbebackintwodays.2.TheGreenstheUSAtwice.3.A:Whereisyourauntnow?Ihaventseenherforalongtime.B:SheXiamen._youever_HongKongDisneyland?5.A:TomNanjing?B:Yes.Hehasntcomebackyet.,hasgoneto,havebeento,hasgoneto,Have,beento,Has,goneto,Step一、現(xiàn)在完成時復習用法1：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的含義是表示過去發(fā)生的或已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。特點是既涉及過去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在：動作是過去發(fā)生的，結果是現(xiàn)在存在的?，F(xiàn)在完成時謂語動詞的構成：助動詞have/has(not)+V-ed（過去分詞）,Look!Theblackboardissocleannow.Hehascleanedtheblackboard.(他已經(jīng)擦過黑板了。)這句話所表示的結果是黑板現(xiàn)在是干凈的。,用法2：表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至將來Hehastaughtheresince1993.Hehastaughthereforabout20years.Mikehasstudiedinthisschoolsincelastyear.Mikehaslivedinthatvillagefornearlytenyears.,Mikeborrowedthebookstwodaysago.,Mikehaskeptthebooksfortwodays.,WehavelearntEnglish_3years._3yearsago._we_(come)here,for,since,came,_,HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?,for+一段時間since+過去的時間點/句子就畫線提問用howlong,since,Step二、for用法1、當我們談論一段時間時用for,談論過去時間點用since1).MrDonghaslivedhereformanyyears.2).MrDonghaslivedheresincehewasborn.2、一些動詞如come,go,leave,但它們在肯定句中不能與for，since連用。1).HehasleftBeijingforaweek.2).HehasnotleftBeijingyet.3).HehasbeenawayfromBeijingforaweek.,4.Hehasboughtacarsince2007.5.Hehasnotboughtanycarsince2007.6.Hehashadacarsince2007.3、for和since的用法及區(qū)別1.since的四種用法1).since+過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、eg.1990,lastmonth,halfpastsixIhavebeenheresince1990.1990起，我一直在這兒。2).since+一段時間+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.自從五個月前，我已經(jīng)在這兒了。,3).since+從句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.自從你走后，已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。4).Itis+一段時間+since從句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameanEnglishteacher.我成為英語老師有兩年了。4、for和since區(qū)別1),Since+時間點，具體時間，“自從、以來，從、以后”,用來說明動作起始時間IhavebeeninBeijingsince2010.2),For+時間段，用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度，因此句中的謂語動詞，也應該是延續(xù)性動詞。,IhavebeeninBeijingforoneyear。WehavelearntEnglishforaboutthreeyears.Ihavebeenherefor3days.(對)Ihavearrivedherefor3days.（誤）5、延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞英語中，動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、動作發(fā)生過程的長短，可分為延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞。1),延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等,2),終止性動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。6、延續(xù)性動詞的用法特征1).延續(xù)性動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，其完成時態(tài)可與表示“段時間”的狀語連用。表示“段時間”的短語有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。如：IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自從我來到這兒就學英語了。,2),延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的“點時間”狀語連用。如：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(誤)rain為延續(xù)性動詞，而ateight表示點時間，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動詞表示一瞬間的動作，可以借助come,begin,get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)又如：,-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.-Thenyouveknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.-Thatsright.7.終止性動詞的用法特征1).終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如：Thetrainhasarrived.火車到了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入電腦小組了嗎？2).終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如：,(1)他死了三年了。誤：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.(2)他來這兒五天了。誤：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.,Step三常見的非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉換。,buyhavegooutbeoutleavebeawaybegin/startbeoncome/gobein/atborrowkeepjoinbeamemberof/beindiebedeadcatchacoldhaveacoldbecomebefallasleepbeasleepopenbeopengettoknowknowclose-beclosedarrive-bein/atgetmarried-bemarriedfallillbeillgetupbeupcatchacoldhaveacold,例子：1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes.()句中終止性動詞轉換為相應的延續(xù)性動詞。,kept,beenon,had,been,beenin,beendead,Step四、同義句轉換1.Theygotmarriedthreeyearsago.They_marriedforthreeyears.2.WebegantolearnEnglishin2008.We_Englishsince2008.3.Iborrowedthatbooklastweek.I_thatbooksincelastweek.4.Simonfellilllastmonth.Simon_illsincelastmonth.5.ShejoinedtheReadingClublastterm.She_theReadingClubsincelastterm.,havebeen,havelearned,havekept,hasbeen,hasbeenin,6.Hecametoourvillagetwoyearsago.Heourvillagesincetwoyearsago.7.Helefthomethreedaysago.Hehomefor3days.8.Iboughtthewatch2weeksago.Ithewatchsince2weeksago.9.Itis5dayssinceIborrowedthebook.Ithebookfor5days.10.Themeetingbegan10minutesago.Themeeting_for10minutes.,hasbeenin,hasbeenawayfrom,havehad,havekept,hasbeenon,11.Igottoknowhim10yearsagoIhimfor10years.12.Thereisafactory.Thereafactoryfor20years.13.Ourschoolopenedin1960.Ourschoolsince1960.14.Thatoldmandied3yearsago.Thatoldman_for3years.15.KittyarrivedinHongkongtwodaysago.kitty_Hongkongfortwodays.16.TheconferencestoppedlastSaturday.Theconference_sincelastSaturday.,haveknown,hasbeen,hasbeenopen,hasbeendead,hasbeenin,hasbeenover,1.這輛自行車我買了兩年了。Ive_thebike_twoyears.,2.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.He_Nanjingfortwoyears.,3.Themonkeydiedlastmonth.Themonkey_foramonth.,4.A:Honglong_you_()B:Fortwoweeks.A.did,getillB.have,fallenillC.were,illD.have,beenill,練一練：,hadfor,hasbeenawayfrom,hasbeendead,D,Step五、一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)別一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時有一些明顯的時間狀語。,遇到y(tǒng)esterday,lastyear,in+過去某一年，twodaysago,theotherday,justnow等就用一般過去時,當有alreadyeverforjustyetneversincerecentlysofarbefore(in/during/overthepasttenyears等常用現(xiàn)在完成時,1.-Haveyou_thebike?-Yes,I_it10minutesago.(mend)2.-Ihave_thefilm“Titanic”.-When_you_it?(see)3.Imsorry,Ihaventgotanymoney.Ive_(lea