《句子的翻譯》PPT課件

SentenceTranslation,SubjectSelecting,TeachingplanforSentenceTranslation,1.selectingasubject2.selectingapredictandtheagreementbetweensubjectandpredict3.Adjustingwordorder4.Translationofnegativesentences5.Realizingfunctionalequivalence,Outlineforthisclass,Subject-prominentvsTopic-prominent以原句主語作為譯文主語重新確定主語增補主語,HypotaxisvsParataxis,Hypotaxis形合:Thedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclausesarrangedwithconnectives;Parataxis意合:Thearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem;,1.SubjectVerb2.SubjectLink.VPredicate3.SubjectVerbObject4.SubjectVerbIndirectobjectDirectobject5.SubjectVerbObjectComplement,Subject-prominentvsTopic-prominent,InanEnglishsentence,prominenceisusuallygiventothesubject.TherearefivebasicsentencepatternsinEnglish:SV,SVC,SVO,SVO1O2,SVOC,allwithSVasitsessentials.WecanventuretosaythatanEnglishsentenceisbuiltonthesubject-predict-pivot,withthesubjectandpredicateinagreement.Ontheotherhand,aChinesesentenceoftenlaysemphasisonthethoughtornotion,soitisbasedonthethoughtpivot.,以原句主語作為譯文主語,清風拂過樹梢Asoftwindkissedthetreetops.如鏡的水面吸引我們下水游泳Thecalmwaterinvitedustoswim.,他確乎有點像棵樹，堅壯、沉默、而又有生氣。Hewasindeedratherlikeatree,sturdy,silentyetfulloflife.,馬達就是發(fā)動不起來Themotorcouldntbestarted.Themotorrefusedtostart.如果不適當?shù)靥幚恚仩t及機動車輛排除的廢氣就會造成城市空氣污染。Exhaustfromboilersandvehicles,unlessproperlytreated,causesairpollutionincities.,然而悲慘的皺紋，卻也從他的眉頭和嘴角出現(xiàn)了。Miserablewrinklesbegantoappearbetweenhiseyebrowsandroundhismouth.,話說天下大勢，分久必合，合久必分。周末七國分爭，并入于秦。Domainsunderheaven,afteralongperiodofdivision,tendstounite;afteralongperiodofunion,tendstodivide.Thishasbeensosinceantiquity.WhentheruleoftheZhouDynastyweakened,sevencontendingkingdomssprangup*,warringonewithanotheruntilthekingdomofQinprevailedandpossessedtheempire*.,重新確定主語,歷史上，英國國王一直把倫敦塔當作囚禁自己私敵和政敵的監(jiān)獄。LondonTowerinhistoryhasalwaysservedasaprisonoftheEnglishkingspersonalandpoliticalenemies.,于是，暮色中匆匆的人群里，總有我趕路的身影，雨里，霧里，雪里，只盼著早些回家Thusthegatheringdarkoftenfindsmehasteninghomeinahurryingcrowd.Whetheritrainsorsnows,windyorfoggy,itisthelongingtobehomethatquickensmystepsFind:atimeoreventfindssborsthinaparticularsituationordoingaparticularthing,世紀之交，中國外交空前活躍。TheturnofthecenturyfindsChinamostactiveonthediplomaticarena.Attheturnofthecentury,Chinaisveryactiveinitsdiplomaticactivities.,一九六四年十月中國爆炸了第一顆原子彈，使世界大為震驚。ChinasfirstatomicblastinOctober,1964wasagreatshocktotherestoftheworld.InOctober,1964,Chinablasteditsfirstautomaticbomb,whichshockedtherestoftheworldgreatly.October1964witnessedChinasfirstatomicblastwhichshockedtherestoftheworldgreatly.,母親一把大剪刀，仿佛裁掉了我童年的憂傷，給我剪出一個原來如此瑰麗的世界。Motherhadabigpairofscissors,withwhichsheseemedtocutoffthesorrowsofmychildhoodandcutoutformesuchasurprisingbeautifulworld.,增補主語,只有冷靜才能成功Successdependsoncalmminds通過在廣州的見聞以及隨后在各地的訪問，我們的憂慮已化為喜悅。ThenewsthatgreetedusinGuangzhouandourvisitlatertovariousplacesturnedanxietytojoy.,不懂就是不懂，不要裝懂。不要擺官架子。鉆進去，幾個月，一年兩年，三年五年，總可以學會的。Wemustnotpretendtoknowwhenwedonotknow.Wemustnotputonbureaucraticairs.Ifwedigintoasubjectforseveralmonths,forayearortwo,forthreeorfiveyears,weshalleventuallymasteritPutonbureaucraticairs:actlikethemasterof,空曠的山野上，當起了她甜甜的笑聲。Inthewilderness,hersweetsoundsoflaughterroseandfelllikewaves.,農(nóng)民缺乏訓練，許多農(nóng)場生產(chǎn)力低下，這就使得大多數(shù)農(nóng)民處于貧窮的困境。Inadequatetrainingforfarmersandthelowproductivityofmanyfarmersplacethemajorityofcountrydwellersinadisadvantageouspositionintheirowncountries.,Exercise:,下列譯文中主語的處理有什么特點？好在哪里？為什么？1.空曠的山野上，蕩起了她甜甜的笑聲。Inthewilderness,hersweetsoundsoflaughterroseandfelllikewaves.,2.那肥大的荷葉下面，有一個人的臉，下半截身子長在水里，那不是水生嗎？又往左右看去，不久，各人就找到了各人丈夫的臉。啊，原來是他們。Notfarawayunderabroadlotusleaftheysawamansheadtherestofhimwassubmerged.ItwasShuisheng.Lookingrightandleft,eachsoondiscoveredherhusband-sothiswaswheretheywere!,3.英勇戰(zhàn)斗于前，又放棄土地于后不是自相矛盾嗎？這些英勇戰(zhàn)斗者的血，不是白流了嗎？Isitnotself-contradictorytofightheroicallyfirstandthenabandonterritory?Willnotourheroicfightershaveshedtheirbloodinvain?,4連叫幾遍，只見那柳蔭里面。咿咿啞啞的，撐出一只船來。Afteranumberoftheseshoutsarowingboatcamecreakingfromunderthewillowsandwassoonneartheirbank.,二、比較下列譯文。譯文a與b哪一種較好？為什么？1中國社會主義建設的航船將乘風破浪地駛向現(xiàn)代化的光輝彼岸。a.TheshipofChinassocialistconstructionwillbravethewindandwavesandsailtothegloriousdestinationofmodernization.b.Chinawillstrideforwardinbuildingsocialism,likeashipbravingthewindandthewaves,towardsthegloriousdestinationofmodernization.,2我們之間關系的發(fā)展使我們不僅成為親密的朋友，而且成兄弟。a.Thedevelopmentofourrelationshasmadeusnotonlyclosefriendsbutalsobrothers.b.Ourrelationshavesogrownthattheybindusnotonlyasclosefriendsbutalsoasbrothers.,3.他心直口快，總是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快就贏得了大家的信任。a.Hisoutspokennessandreadinesstomakefriendswithanyonesoonwontheirtrust.b.Hewasveryoutspokenandalwaysreadytomakefriendswithanyone,sohewontheirtrust.,4.中國的富強和發(fā)展不會對任何國家構成威脅。a.Astrong,prosperousanddevelopedChinawillposenothreattoanycountries.b.Thestrength,prosperityanddevelopmentofChinawillposenothreattoanycountries,5.輕紡工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的花色品種增多，質量繼續(xù)有所提高。a.Thedesignsandvarietyoflightindustrialandtextileproductshaveincreasedandtheirqualityhascontinuedtoimprove.b.Lightindustryandtextileproductsarenowavailableinbetterdesignsandqualityandrichervariety.,6.早上我起來的時候，小屋里射進兩三方斜斜的太陽。太陽他有腳啊輕輕悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然地跟著旋轉。a.WhenIgotupinthemorning,Ifoundseveralbeamsofsunlightpenetratingthroughthewindowintomyhouse.Thesunhasitsfeet,movingslowlyandquietlyandIfolloweditssteps.b.WhenIgotupinthemorning,twoandthreebeamsofsunlightpenetratedintomyhouse.Thesunhasitsfeet,movingslowlyandquietlyandIfollowedtoswirlunconsciously.,作業(yè),1.我們宣傳大會的路線，就是要使全黨和全國人民建立起一個信心，即革命一定要勝利。2.人總是要死的，但死的意義有不同。中國古時候有個文學家叫做司馬遷的說過：“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或輕于鴻毛?！睘槿嗣窭娑?，就比泰山還重；替法西斯賣力，替剝削人民和壓迫人民的人去死，就比鴻毛還輕。,3.哈佛是最早接受中國留學生的美國大學之一。中國教育界、科學界、文化界一直同哈佛大學保持著學術交流。4、自然科學的皇后是數(shù)學。數(shù)學的皇冠是數(shù)論。哥德巴赫猜想則是皇冠上的明珠。,1.Ouraiminpropagatingthelineofthecongressistobuilduptheconfidenceofthewholepartyandentirepeopleinthecertaintriumphoftherevolution.,2.Allmenmustdie,butdeathcanvaryinitssignificance.TheancientChinesewriterSzumaChiensaid,“Thoughdeathbefallsallmenalike,itmaybeheavierthanMountTaiorlighterthanafeather.”TodieforthepeopleisheavierthanMountTai,buttoworkforthefascistsanddiefo