復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致 Microsoft Word 文檔.doc

復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致 在談?wù)撝髦^一致之前，我們首先要明確英語(yǔ)句子主語(yǔ)的三種人稱概念：I,We,You三個(gè)單詞分別為一、二人稱單復(fù)數(shù)，除此之外的所有主語(yǔ)為三人稱。 換句話說(shuō)，一個(gè)to do ,一個(gè)-ing甚至一個(gè)句子作主語(yǔ)都是三人稱單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞加-s。is和has本身帶有-s，不再加-s；超過(guò)一個(gè)就當(dāng)三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不加-s。 當(dāng)然，-ed和adj.不能作主語(yǔ)。如果此種含義的-ed和adj.形式的詞要作主語(yǔ)怎么辦？很簡(jiǎn)單，第一，Being +-ed或Being +adj即可，這種形式的主語(yǔ)被看成三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞加-s； 第二，The +-ed或The + adj.也可，但一般說(shuō)來(lái)這種形式的主語(yǔ)被看成三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不加-s。 下面結(jié)合高考考點(diǎn)具體談一談主謂一致。（本文下面所談到主語(yǔ)為單復(fù)數(shù)形式均指三人稱。）一、高考考點(diǎn)： 1.語(yǔ)法形式上的一致 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The number of students in our school is 1,700. Mary and Kelly look alike.2.意義上一致（1）主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The crowd were running for their lives.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有people,police,cattle等。（2）主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The news is very exciting.形復(fù)意單的單詞有news,maths和以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱physics,politics,economics等。3.就近原則。即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。如果連詞or, either or, neither nor,not only but also等連接的并列主語(yǔ):如果一個(gè)是單數(shù),一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。4.應(yīng)注意的若干問(wèn)題（1）名詞作主語(yǔ)。某些集體名詞如family,team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí):果作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),反之用復(fù)數(shù)。My family is going out for a trip. The whole family are watching TV. 這類詞常有：audience,classclub,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group, party,public,team等。 Population和“a group(crowd)of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”也適用于這種情況,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù),強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè) 部分用復(fù)數(shù)。某些集體名詞如people,police,cattle,oxen只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。單,復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單復(fù)數(shù)。 A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略,這種情況一般只指商店,工場(chǎng),住宅等；作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞一般用 單數(shù)。My uncles is not for from here.常見(jiàn)的省略名詞有the bakers ,the barbars,the Zhangs等。表示店鋪的名詞一般作集體名詞看待,但用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)：Richardsons have a lot of old goods to sell.當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量,距離,金額,時(shí)間,書(shū)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則,把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Thirty years has passed. Five minutes is enough to finish the task.不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式：Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary.如果主語(yǔ)有more than one 或many a 構(gòu)成,盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容,但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。More than one student has seen the play. Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.但是,“more + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。一些由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主語(yǔ)用a kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名詞構(gòu)成時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk.this kind of book = a book of this kind(這種書(shū)),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；短語(yǔ)this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口語(yǔ))（這一類人）,但this kind of men的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式：This kind of men is dangerous. Men of theis kind/sort are dangerous.復(fù)數(shù)形式的單,復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),按意義一致的原則,用作單數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),反之,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有means,works,species(種類),Chinese,Japanese等。當(dāng)它們的前面有 a,such a,this,that修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有all,such,these,those修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如果名詞詞組中心詞是all,most,half,rest等詞語(yǔ),所指是復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,反之用單數(shù)。All of my students work hard. All of the oil is gone.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致：Between the two windows hangs an oil painting.（2）由連接詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)。用and或both and 連接并列主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果并列主語(yǔ)指的是同一個(gè)人,同一事物或同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。Truth and honesty is the best policy. To love and to be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. A knife and fork is on the table.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),采取“就遠(yuǎn)原則”。以or,either or, neither nor,not only but also等連接的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),“就近原則”。Either you or I am mad. Either you or he has lunch at school.Are either you or I mad ? Do either you or he have lunch at school? （3）代詞作主語(yǔ)。名詞型物主代詞連接的動(dòng)詞,既可以用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù),這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。Ours (Our Party) is a great Party. Your shoes are white, mine (= my shoes) are black.such,the same起指示代詞作用時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單,復(fù)數(shù)。Such is our plan. Such are his last words.關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一 致。疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單,復(fù)數(shù)。Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu. Who lives next door? It is Wang and Li.不定代詞any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),要注意下列情況：I.單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),視其在文中的意義,動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Now all has been changed. All are present.II.其后接of時(shí),若of的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代 詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù)；在正式文體中,單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。 Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has(have) seen the film.（4）分?jǐn)?shù),量詞作主語(yǔ)?！胺?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“plenty of, a large quantity of（諧音為“不難框”，既能把可數(shù)名詞也能把不可數(shù)名詞放入框內(nèi)，并且plenty of諧音為“不能”，其前不能有“a”。） a lot of, lots of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)：Lots of damage was caused by flood. A number of students have gone to the countryside.A large quantity of people is needed here. Quantities of food (nuts) were still on the table.a great deal of,a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,(諧音為夢(mèng)敵哪敢數(shù))其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)； 另外，把“plenty of, a large quantity of”和“a great deal of,a large amount of ”兩組短語(yǔ)中較長(zhǎng)的那個(gè)短語(yǔ)抽出來(lái)變?yōu)長(zhǎng)arge quantities of +不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 和Large amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 要特別注意，amount 有數(shù)量的意思，但其后只跟不可數(shù)名詞。 表數(shù)量的one and a half后,名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.half of,(a)part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(5)名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)。如果主語(yǔ)由“the + 形容詞（或分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)。這類詞有the rich,the poor,the brave,the injured,the living,the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用單數(shù):the unknown,the beautiful等。（6）從句作主語(yǔ)。由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù),但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一 般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What we need is more money. What we need are more people/teachers.在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one,因此從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果one換為the one/the only one/the very one/just the one先行詞就指the one/the only one/the very one/just the one從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told by my father.She was the only one of the girls who was late for class today.（7）不定式,名動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；There be句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于be后的第一個(gè)詞的數(shù)。 There is a book, two pens on the desk. There are two