新GRE作文ARGUMENT官方題庫+翻譯

. This page contains the Argument topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRErevised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Argument topic from this pool.Each Argument topic consists of a passage that presents an argument followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to analyze the argument. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.-1)Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such aPaleanbasket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.一種具有獨特花紋的編織籃子以前只在史前村莊Palea的臨近地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)過，因而被認為是Palea居所獨有的。然而最近，考古學家在一個與Palea隔著一條叫做Brim河的村莊Lithos發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個這樣的Palea籃子。Brim河很深很寬，所以古代Palea人只能坐船穿過它，但沒有證據(jù)表明Palea人擁有船只。這表明那種所謂的Palea籃子并不是那里所獨有的。1) the author fails to consider the possibility that the Palean may arrived in Lithos through other means2) the Palean basket could arrive other place through many possible methods such as trade, or boats possessed by other culture.3) In Palean times, the Brim River may not be as deep and broad as it is currently.4) This may also result from migration.5) 沒有證據(jù)表明palea和brim是同時期存在的，不同時期情況更復雜-2)The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal.A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individuals levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations(such as an encounter with an unfamiliar monkey),firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings. Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence).The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring.Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.最近一項對恒河猴的調查揭示了出生順序對于個體刺激水平的影響。調查顯示在受到刺激的環(huán)境下（例如遇到一個不熟悉的猴子），頭胎小猴的皮質醇分泌會翻倍，這樣增加了它及其兄弟姐妹的身體靈活度。人類的頭胎孩子在遇到刺激（例如父母外出回家）時也會分泌出相對濃度的皮質醇。研究同時還發(fā)現(xiàn)在懷孕期間，第一次為人母的猴子的皮質醇要比生過幾次孩子后的猴子水平高很多。1) 任何猴子不是一類，不能歸于一談2) 產(chǎn)生皮質醇的原因可能是由于害怕等因素而非出生順序3) 產(chǎn)生皮質醇可能是由于害怕等等因素而非出生順序4) 樣本的數(shù)量和真實性、代表性作者沒有說明5) 母猴體內皮質醇水平跟小猴體內皮質醇水平?jīng)]有直接關系-3)The following appeared as a letter to the editor from a Central Plaza store owner.Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels.Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.過去兩年中，中心廣場的顧客數(shù)量穩(wěn)步下降與此同時滑板卻急劇增加。很多中心廣場的店主認為顧客數(shù)量下滑是由于玩滑板人數(shù)的增加。同時整個廣場廢棄物和公物損毀也大大增加。因此，我們建議應該在中心廣場禁止玩滑板。如果禁止的話，我們估計中心廣場的生意將會恢復到以前的水平。1) 過去“兩年”，時間太短使得數(shù)據(jù)不具說服性2) 沒有證據(jù)表明顧客數(shù)量的下降與skateboarder的增加有直接關系3) 僅僅是店主的看法不具有參考價值，應該調查顧客等更多人的看法4) 廢棄物和公務損壞的增加也會是顧客數(shù)量下降的原因5) 沒有證據(jù)表明廢棄物和公務損壞的增加是skateboarder造成的 171)The following appeared as a letter to the editor from the owner of a skate shop in Central Plaza.Two years ago the city voted to prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. They claimed that skateboard users were responsible for the litter and vandalism that were keeping other visitors from coming to the plaza. In the past two years, however, there has only been a small increase in the number of visitors to Central Plaza, and litter and vandalism are still problematic. Skateboarding is permitted in Monroe Park, however, and there is no problem with litter or vandalism there. In order to restore Central Plaza to its former glory, then, we recommend that the city lift its prohibition on skateboarding in the plaza.Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.兩年前，市里投票禁止了在中央廣場玩滑板。他們認為是滑板愛好者的廢棄物和損毀公物的行為使游客遠離了廣場。然而在過去兩年中，中央廣場的游客卻只有少數(shù)增加，而且廢棄物和損毀公物的行為依然存在?；暹\動在M公園就被允許，但是那里卻沒有任何的廢棄物和損毀公物的行為。為了能讓中央廣場重新煥發(fā)生機，我們建議市里應該取消廣場禁止滑板的限令。-4)The following appeared in a letter from a homeowner to a friend.Of the two leading real estate firms in our townAdams Realty and Fitch RealtyAdams Realty is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents; in contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch and included home sales that averaged$168, 000, compared to Fitchs$144,000.Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago I listed my home with Fitch, and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams Realty.Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.在本市的兩家最大的房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀公司-Adams Realty和Fitch Realty-之中，Adams顯然更優(yōu)秀一些。Adams有40名房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀人，而Fitch只有25個，且很多是兼職工作。而且，Adams去年的收入是Fitch的兩倍，其平均房價為$168000，而Fitch僅為$144000。在Adams銷售的房屋賣得也更快：十年前，我把我的房產(chǎn)交給Fitch，它用了四個多月才賣出去；去年，我在Adams賣了另一處房產(chǎn)，僅用一個月就售出了。因此，要想讓你的房產(chǎn)賣的更快更好，你應該選擇Adams。1) A的收入是F的兩倍，但沒有數(shù)據(jù)顯示A售出房產(chǎn)的數(shù)量是F的兩倍，所以很可能A收取了較高的中介費2) A的房價比F高沒有考慮到房產(chǎn)的凈價值，可能A的房產(chǎn)本來就價值高，所以售價較高3) 十年前的數(shù)據(jù)不能跟去年的數(shù)據(jù)比較，不具可比性-5)The following appeared in a letter to the editor of theBalmer Island Gazette.On Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popular form of transportation, the population increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by the islands moped rental companies from 50 per day to 25 per day during the summer season. By limiting the number of rentals, the town council will attain the 50 percent annual reduction in moped accidents that was achieved last year on the neighboring island of Seaville, when Seavilles town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals.Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.b島的人口在夏季達到了100000，而助力車則是島上一種非常普遍的交通方式。為了減少由助力車和行人引發(fā)的事故，b島市政府應該限制島上夏季助力車租賃公司的租車數(shù)量，從原來的每天50量減少到25量。通過限制出租數(shù)量，市政府將會實現(xiàn)助力車事故減少50的目標，就像去年鄰近s島市政府在實施了同樣的政策后所取得的效果。1) 沒有證據(jù)顯示島上的人車交通事故是因為助力車造成的，原因可能主要是由于行人的不遵守交通規(guī)則造成。2) 即使是降低了50%的數(shù)量，也不意味著會降低50%的事故啊，可能車少了開的就會更快，反而會增加事故的嚴重性3) 島上助力車租賃公司的租車數(shù)量占的比例多嗎?減少會明顯改變島上助力車的總量嗎？4) 沒有證據(jù)顯示助力車過多造成了事故，作為主要的交通工具，可能正是因為助力車在夏季過少，才導致大多數(shù)人不得不走路，而更多的人走到了助力車道，造成交通事故，加大助力車的投入可能還會減少事故的發(fā)生5) 在s島上產(chǎn)生的效果不一定在b島產(chǎn)生159)The following appeared in a letter to the editor of theBalmer Island Gazette.The population on Balmer Island increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island plans to limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the islands six moped rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day during the summer season. Last year, the neighboring island of Torseau enforced similar limits on moped rentals and saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents. We predict that putting these limits into effect on Balmer Island will result in the same reduction in moped accidents.Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.b島的人口在夏季達到了100000，而助力車則是島上一種非常普遍的交通方式。為了減少由助力車和行人引發(fā)的事故，b島市政府應該限制島上夏季助力車租賃公司的租車數(shù)量，從原來的每天50量減少到25量。去年鄰近T島市政府通過限制出租數(shù)量，助力車事故減少50的。我們預計B島的相同限制也同樣會起到效力并使助力車事故降低50%。173)The following appeared in a letter to the editor of theBalmer Island Gazette.The population on Balmer Island doubles during the summer months. During the summer, then, the town council of Balmer Island should decrease the maximum number of moped rentals allowed at each of the islands six moped and bicycle rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day. This will significantly reduce the number of summertime accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians. The neighboring island of Torseau actually saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents last year when Torseaus town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals. To help reduce moped accidents, therefore, we should also enforce these limitations during the summer months.Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.b島的人口在夏季翻了一番。b島市政府應該限制島上夏季助力車租賃公司的租車數(shù)量，從原來的每天50量減少到25量，這將有助于減少由助力車和行人引發(fā)的事故。去年鄰近T島市政府通過限制出租數(shù)量，助力車事故減少50的。為了減少助力車事故，因此我們也應該采取相同的政策。-6)Arctic deer live on islands in Canadas arctic regions. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of the year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the purported decline in deer populations is the result of the deers being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea.Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.北極鹿生活在加拿大極地區(qū)域的島嶼上。它們全年都通過冰塊在島嶼間移動來尋找食物。它們的棲居地局限在那些溫暖得足以維持它們所需的植物生長，并且在一年的至少某些時候冷到足以讓島嶼間的海面結冰以使它們能夠在島嶼間旅行的地方。然而，根據(jù)當?shù)孬C人的報告，鹿的數(shù)量正在下降。由于這一報告正好與最近導致海洋冰面融化的全球變暖趨勢同時發(fā)生，我們可以得出結論：北極鹿的數(shù)量的下降是它們無法按它們原有的遷移習慣穿越結冰海面的結果。1) 獵人的報告是可靠？之前的鹿大概有多少頭，之后的鹿有多少頭？是否僅僅是因為鹿遷移出了獵人居住的區(qū)域2) 也可能有其他原因，比如天敵數(shù)量增加等等，導致鹿的數(shù)量下降，并不一定是溫度升高所致3) 獵人的獵殺也會造成鹿的數(shù)量的下降，獵人很可能在推卸責任4) 還有，而且沒有證據(jù)表明冰川已經(jīng)融化到無法遷移的程度，即使已經(jīng)融化到無法遷移了，那么氣候變暖也可能會導致島上的植被增加，可能已經(jīng)可以滿足鹿的需求，反而不用遷移了，無法遷移并不一定意味著鹿的數(shù)量會減少-7)The following is a recommendation from the Board of Directors of Monarch Books.We recommend that Monarch Books open a cafin its store. Monarch, having been in business at the same location for more than twenty years, has a large customer base because it is known for its wide selection of books on all subjects. Clearly, opening the cafe would attract more customers. Space could be made for the cafe by discontinuing the childrens book section, which will probably become less popular given that the most recent national census indicated a significant decline in the percentage of the population under age ten. Opening a cafe will allow Monarch to attract more customers and better compete with Regal Books, which recently opened its own caf.Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.我們建議m書店在電內開設一個咖啡廳。M書店在目前的店址上已經(jīng)經(jīng)營了20多年，并由于其廣泛的圖書種類而擁有了龐大的客戶群體。很明顯，新開設的咖啡廳會吸引更多的客戶，空間可以通過撤出兒童書籍柜臺來獲得，因為最近一次全國調查顯示10歲以下兒童的比率顯著下降，所以兒童書就可能沒以前那么暢銷。開設新咖啡廳將會使m吸引更多客戶并更好的與最近剛開設了咖啡廳的r書店展開競爭。98)The following is a recommendation from the business manager of Monarch Books.Since its opening in Collegeville twenty years ago, Monarch Books has developed a large customer base due to its reader-friendly atmosphere and wide selection of books on all subjects. Last month, Book and Bean, a combination bookstore and coffee shop, announced its intention to open a Collegeville store. Monarch Books should open its own in-store cafe in the space currently devoted to childrens books. Given recent national census data indicating a significant decline in the percentage of the population under age ten, sales of childrens books are likely to decline. By replacing its childrens books section with a caf, Monarch Books can increase profits and ward off competition from Book and Bean.Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.自打20年前在C開設以來，M書店就因其友善的氛圍和廣泛的圖書種類而擁有了一大批顧客。三個月，B&B，一家綜合咖啡書店，宣布其要在C開設新店。我們建議m書店在電內開設一個咖啡廳，空間可以通過撤出兒童書籍柜臺來獲得，因為最近一次全國調查顯示10歲以下兒童的比率顯著下降，所以兒童書就可能沒以前那么暢銷。開設新咖啡廳將會使m吸引更多客戶并更好的與B&B書店展開競爭。99)The following is a recommendation from the business manager of Monarch Books.Since its opening in Collegeville twenty years ago, Monarch Books has developed a large customer base due to its reader-friendly atmosphere and wide selection of books on all subjects. Last month, Book and Bean, a combination bookstore and coffee shop, announced its intention to open a Collegeville store. Monarch Books should open its own in-store cafe in the space currently devoted to childrens books. Given recent national census data indicating a significant decline in the percentage of the population under age ten, sales of childrens books are likely to decline. By replacing its childrens books section with a caf, Monarch Books can increase profits and ward off competition from Book and Bean.Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.自打20年前在C開設以來，M書店就因其友善的氛圍和廣泛的圖書種類而擁有了一大批顧客。三個月，B&B，一家綜合咖啡書店，宣布其要在C開設新店。我們建議m書店在電內開設一個咖啡廳，空間可以通過撤出兒童書籍柜臺來獲得，因為最近一次全國調查顯示10歲以下兒童的比率顯著下降，所以兒童書就可能沒以前那么暢銷。開設新咖啡廳將會使m吸引更多客戶并更好的與B&B書店展開競爭。-8)The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College.To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories. Buckinghams enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.為滿足我們學生的住房需求，Buckin