Unit 1 Making a difference 教案.doc

Unit 1 Making a differenceTeaching Goals1. Talk about science and scientists2. Practise describing people and debating3. Learn nore about the infinitive4. Write a descriptive paragraphPeriod Onemake a difference:make a (big) difference to sth/ sb: to have an important effect on a thing or a situatione.g. The rain didnt make much difference to the game.make no difference:1) to have no effect at all on sth/sbe.g. Even if you would come to help, it will make no difference. A teacher cant make much but he can make a difference.2) to be unimportant to sbe.g. It doesnt make any difference to me whether you go or stay. oppo. make all the differenceStep One: Warming up I. Talk about the meaning of the quotes on Page 1;1. Imagination is more important than knowledge (Albert Einstein)The German-American physicist Albert Einstein, who was born in Germany on Mar. 14, 1879, and died in Princeton, N.J. on Apr. 18, 1955, contributed more than any other scientist to the 20th-century vision of physical reality. In the wake of (隨著.而來) World War I, Einsteins theories-especially his theory of relativity-seemed to many people to point to a pure quality of human thought, one far removed from the war and its aftermath. Seldom has a scientist received such public attention for having cultivated the fruit of pure learning.Meaning of the quote:If we werent able to use our imagination, knowledge would simply be a useless collection of facts. Knowledge is only useful when we can apply it to the world around use. Without imagination, knowledge would be a finite collection of static 2. It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious. (Alfred North Whitehead) 分辨明顯存在的事物需要非凡的頭腦。Alfred North Whitehead (1861 - 1947), British mathematician, logician and philosopher, best known for his work in mathematical logic and the philosophy of science. In collaboration with Bertrand Russell, he authored the landmark three-volume Principia Mathematical (1910, 1912, 1913) and contributed significantly to twentieth-century logic and metaphysics（形而上學論）.Meaning of the quote:Most of us do not question the things we take for granted. Great scientists are enormously curious and tend to ask questions that others would never think of.3. Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. (Marie/Madame Curie)生活中沒有什么可怕的東西，只有需要理解的東西。Marie/Madame Curie opened up the science of radioactivity. She is best known as the discoverer of the radioactive elements polonium（釙） and radium（鐳）and as the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. For scientists and the public, her discovery was a key to a basic change in our understanding of matter and energy. Her work not only influenced the development of fundamental science but also ushered（引導）in a new era in medical research and treatment. Meaning of the quote:We must not be afraid of the unknown. Once we understand something, there is no need to be afraid.4. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. (Thomas Alva Edison)Thomas Alva Edison was born on February 11, 1847 and died on October 18, 1931. He was an inventor and businessman who developed many important devices. Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors, holding a record 1,093 patents in his name.Meaning of the quote:Great thoughts or ideas are results of hard work./ great achievements depend not so much on ingenuity as on hard work.5. You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself.(Galileo Galilei) 你不能把一切教給一個人，你只能幫助他在自己的認知范圍內(nèi)去發(fā)現(xiàn)和了解事物。Galileo Galilei is the first modern scientist in some sense as he made critical discoveries of how to think about moving bodies. He was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. He became a professor of Pisa University when he was only 25 years old. He invented the first telescope and discovered four planets of Jupiter and his study improved Nicolaus Copernicustheory of the Sun-centered Universe to be right. People always say Columbus discovered the new world and Galileo discovered the new universe.At the time when Galileo arrived at the University, some debate had started up on one of Aristotles laws of nature-namely, that that heavier objects fell faster than lighter objects. Aristotles word had been accepted as gospel truth, and there had been few attempts to actually test Aristotles conclusions by actually conducting an experiment!According to legend, Galileo decided to try. He needed to be able to drop the objects from a great height. The perfect building was right at hand-the Tower of Pisa, 54 meters tall. Galileo climbed up to the top of the building carrying a variety of balls of varying size and weight, and dumped them off of the top. They all landed at the base of the building at the same time (legend says that the demonstration was witnessed by a huge crowd of students and professors). Aristotle was wrong.Meaning of the quote:There is a great difference between learning and teaching. A teacher is only a guide, who helps the students form an understanding. Students are not just “empty vessels (containers)” to be filled with information, but rather thinking beings who develops their comprehension and ability as they are exposed to learning opportunities.II. language points in Warming up undertake analysis of sth. = analyse/analyze sth. undertake: to accept a piece of work and start to do it undertake a task 開始進行，實施一項任務analysis: and examination of something together with thoughts and judgments about it 分析；分解e.g. chemical analysis 化學分析 an analysis of the medicine 對藥品的分析 obvious: easily perceived or understood; quite apparent.明顯的容易感到或理解的;十分明顯的 e.g. It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明顯，她挺聰明。Indeed, there are many obvious advantages to a five-day week.的確,實行五天工作制有許多明顯的優(yōu)點。within: 1)in or into the inner part; inside. 在之內(nèi)在或進入里面；在內(nèi)部 e.g. within doors在屋內(nèi)within five days五天之內(nèi)remain within reach (call, hearing, sight)留在附近(叫得應, 聽得見, 看得到的地方)live within ones income量入為出2)inside the mind, heart, or soul; inwardly在里面,在心中在內(nèi)心、靈魂或思想中e.g. within oneself在心里Step Two: Listening I. Useful words and expressions in the listening.great mindbe on fire for (be crazy about, be passionate about)in other wordscurious (be curious about sth/ be curious to hear/see/know sth)the Nobel Prize for Physicsa second Nobel Prizea falling applethe force of gravitymotionset sb on fire (make sb feel deeply interested)to be exactminda person with great ability to think, or a person of intelligencee.g. Great minds think alike.Phrase revision: keep/ bear/ havein mind記著，心中想著change ones mind to do sth改變主意做某事make up ones mind to do sth下決心做某事keep ones mind on/upon專心于 - I want to lose weight by eating nothing except fruits every day. - You must be out of your mind. Youll be ill soon. 發(fā)瘋II. Listen to the material and do the exercises on the students book Great Mind No. 1: Madame Curie1. This great mind was on fire for radioactivity.2. The scientists name is similar to the English word curious, meaning being interested in something. (Curies sounds like the beginning of curious.) Great Mind No. 2: Sir Isaac Newton1. This great mind was on fire for gravity.2. This scientists name is similar to the English word for something not old. (New- Newton) Great Mind No. 3: Yuan Longping1. He is known for his work with rice/ in agriculture.2. He wants to be called the farmer because of his long friendship with farmers.3. Various answers are possible.They are on fire for something about what they do./ They have all made important contributions to science and society.Step Three: SpeakingI. Introduction In this group discussion, the students are asked to decide which branch of science3 is the most important and useful in society.II. Instructions Explain the task to the students and divide them into groups. Use groups of four or five students and distribute the branches accordingly. You can help them by giving examples of possible criteria, e.g. How useful is the branch of science useful in our society? How is the branch of science help us to understand the world better?How does the branch of science help use to become better people?III. Discussion and presentationIV. Useful words in Speakingdebate: vi. debate with sb about/upon sth I debated with Tom about the question.vt. debate sth/doing/wh-clauseThey debated closing the factory.Were debating where to go on holiday.n. have a debate about/upon sth with sbc.f. debate: discuss/argue on sth that people have different opinions about argue: disagree with sb in words, often in an angry way quarrel: argue angrily or very violently; disagree with sb or complain about sth angrily discuss: talk about sth with another person to exchange ideas or decide sth Ex: A(n) that broke out between them ended their friendship.A. debate B. argument C. quarrel D. discussion CPeriod TwoStep One: Lead-in 1.Discussion. You are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world. One day your doctor tells you that you have had a serious disease that can not be cured and you may die soon in one year. What would you feel and what would you do? 2. Introduce Stephen Hawking to students and let them watch the slides and learn important facts about him. He was born in 1942, got his doctors degree in Physics, and did research at Cambridge University in England. By the age of 21 he had already begun to notice that it was difficult to move around without falling over. Although he had problems with his brain, which was getting worse, he decided to continue with his research and his writing. He had to find ways that would make it possible for him to speak, read and write, even though he could later only move the fingers of only one hand. In 1988 his book A Brief History of Time became a best-seller, thoughhe has a terrible disease. It cant prevent him from being one of the greatest physicists in our times.Step Two: pre-readingLook at the questions in Pre-reading quickly and then scan the text as quickly as possible and find the answers to them.1. Why did Stephen Hawking need a PhD?A: He needed a PhD so that he could get a job and get married.2. When did Hawking become famous? A: In the early 1970s.3. When did Hawking visit Beijing?A: In 2002.Step Three: while-readingI. Listen and read the passage as carefully as possible. II. Finish true or false questions. Hawking was told that he had an incurable disease when he was just 21 years old. TFinally Hawking had to give up PhD and his research. FHe and Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang and black holes. T“A Brief History of Time” is too difficult for people to understand. FScience is about true facts that never change. Fn When Hawking gives lectures, he always speaks through a computer.TIII. Finish some multiple-choice exercises and try to understand the text further.1). Why did Hawking think, “There did not seem much point in working on my PhD”? C A. Because there was no point in being a PhD. B. Because there was no hope of being a PhD. C. Because he thought he would die soon.D. Because he had no place to work.2). Hawking became famous in the 1970s because_. D A. He was disabled B. He was a PhD. C. He was sitting in a famous chair. D. He made new discoveries about universe. l 3). According to the passage, what does “an American accent” stand for? CA.Hawkings accent. B. Hawkings voice. C. Sounds translated by the computer. D. Accent of some British people.4). Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? D A. Hawking is famous for his new discoveries. B. People should come to terms with their fate. C. A scientific theory is always wrong. D. Anyone with great determination will achieve his success.IV. Read for important detailed information.1). According to Hawking, how do people misunderstand science? (Para5) A: People often think science is about “true” facts that never change. Scientists, on the other hand, in Hawkings opinion, know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.2). u What are the basic steps of the scientific method? (Para6) A: Firstly, scientists carefully observe what they are interested in. Secondly, they build a theory about the way things happen and the causes and effects. Finally, they test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict future events.3). What is that Hawking does not like about his speech computer? (Para7) A: Hawking, who is British, doesnt like it because the speech computer gives him an American accent.V. Let students talk about the topic of the text The topic means: (1) He cant speak like ordinary people, but he can give us lectures and make himself understood. (2) He is disabled, but nothing can stop his dream from coming true.Period Three(Language points in the text)1. There did not seem much point in working on my PhD.point: purpose, importance，value, reason What is the point of saying this after all has happened? 事情都發(fā)生了，再說這些有什么用呢？There is much/no point (in) doing sth.Trans: 再爭論下去是沒有意義的。 There is no point (in) arguing any further.抗議是沒有用的，于事無補。 There is no point in protesting. It wont help.2. Yet two years had gone by and go by: (of time) pass, go on Trans: 隨著時間的推移，老人的記憶似乎越來越差了。As time goes by/ goes on/ passes, the old mans memory seems to be worse and worse.三年已經(jīng)過去了，但我們還是沒有他的消息。Three years has gone by/ gone on/ passed, but we havent heard from him yet. 3. In fact, things were going rather well for me and I had got engaged to a very nice girl, engaged: adj. 1) (of a person or two people) having agreed to marrye.g. Did you hear that Mike and Kate had just got engaged? I like him but not all that much, so I dont want to get engaged to him. 2) (of a person) busy; occupied e.g. be engaged in doing sth / on sth Trans：她正在非洲，忙這進行那里野生動植物的保護工作。 She is now in Africa, (and she is) engaged in protecting the wildlife there. She is now in Africa, (and she is) engaged on the protection of the wildlife there.3) (of a telephone line) in use Sorry! That lines/numbers engaged; I can only hear the engaged tone(占線信號). AmE: Sorry! That lines/numbers busy; I can only hear the busy signal.engagement n. engagement ring 訂婚戒指4. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of lifeNor/Neither : used with aux v. and modal v., with the subject following the v. 與助動詞和情態(tài)動詞連用，句中主語與動詞倒置,表示同樣的事情同樣適合第二個主語或者第二件事情同樣不用不適用于同一個主語。 e.g. Trans: 他不懂這句話的意思，我也不懂。He doesnt understand the sentence. Nor/Neither do I.我不知道，我也不在乎。I dont know; nor/neither do I care.他既看不見，也聽不到。He cant see. Nor/Neither can he hear.5. Since then, Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe.seek, sought, sought: look forseek (after/for) sth. seek sth from sb.e.g. seek happiness/ wealth Everybody is seeking success in his own life.You must seek permission from the manager before you leave. seek to do sth: make an attempt, try e.g. He sought to cheat in the exam but failed.6. nature: 1) C/Uthe natural or real aspect of a person, place, or thing 本性;人、地方或事的自然或真實的一面e.g. human nature 人性by nature 本性, 天生, 就其本性而言 2) U everything that exists in the world independently of human beings, such as earth and rocks, the weather, and plants and animals 大自然 e.g. keep the balance of nature protect nature7. and the best theory can turn out to be wrong.turn out:1）turn out to be / It turns out that prove to be sb./sth.; come to be known that 證明是某人/某物；原來是e.g. The new comer turned out to be the best player on the team.新手證明是隊里最出色的球員。 Trans：結(jié)果她是我姐姐的一個朋友。She turned out to be a friend of my sisters.It turned out that she was a friend of my sisters.2）vigather (for a meeting, etc) After the third period, we turn out on the playground to do the morning exercises.3) vt. produce The factory can turn out more cars this year.4) vt. turn off (electricity, water, gas, etc)8. Finally, the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict future events.match: combine well with sth. esp. in colour; be equal toe.g. These curtains and the carpets match perfectly. 窗簾和地毯很協(xié)調(diào)。a well-matched couple 很匹配的一對 (oppo. ill- matched)No one can match her in/for chess. 象棋上沒人比得上她。Period FourILanguage studyII.Grammar: The Infinitive (見課件)IIIHomeworkPeriod Five. Presentation: Show pictures of the three famous persons and ask students to talk about what they know about them.Galileo Galilei: An Italian scientist. He invented the first telescope and discovered four planets of Jupiter and his study improved Nicolaus Copernicustheory of the Sun-centered Universe to be right. People always say Columbus discovered the new world and Galileo discovered the new universe. He did the famous experiment of falling objects on the Leaning Tower of Pisa.Francis Bacon: (15611626) was the founder of English materialist philosophy(唯物主義哲學) He was born into the family of Sir Nicholas Bacon, keeper of the Privy Seal(御璽) to Queen Elizabeth. The boy early won the favor of the Queen. He went to Cambridge at twelve and after graduating at sixteen, took up law. He soon became one of the most successful lawyers of the time. At twenty-three he became a member of the House of Commons(下議院) and his judgment and eloquence(口才) made him famous. When James I became king of England, Bacon obtained one