主謂一致和倒裝句.doc

主謂一致和倒裝句 主謂一致一 就近原則：在 not onlybut also, notbut , neithernor , eitheror , there be 句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞由相鄰的主語來確定。例： 1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project. 2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager. 二 集合名詞做主語，指成員時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；指團(tuán)體，組織時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)：如：class , team, group, family, audience(聽眾), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委員會(huì)) 等。例： 1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment . 2.The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games .三 當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞用 with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等連接起來做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語一致。例： 1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week. 2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(對(duì)火災(zāi)事故負(fù)責(zé)的是兒子而不是父母)四 當(dāng) each, neither, either 以及由 every, any, no, some 與 one, body, thing 構(gòu)成的不定代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例： 1.Each of the girls is fond of pop music in her class. 2.Someone is expecting you at the school gate .但 none 做主語時(shí)謂語用單復(fù)數(shù)都行。例： None of them are / is interested in local music.另外：當(dāng) every, each, no 做定語時(shí)，即使用and 連接兩個(gè)主語，謂語也用單數(shù)。例： 1.Each student is preparing for the final examination now. 2.Every boy and every girl is proud of the result of the experiment. 3.No teacher and no student is admitted to enter the place . 4.They each have an English dictionary .(此句中each 做同位語，謂語由主語they確定) 五.當(dāng)主語表示時(shí)間，重量，距離，價(jià)格時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例： 1.Five hundred dollars is quite enough for the return voyage (返航)。 2.Seven kilometers was covered in two hours .但算式做主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)都可以。例： 1.Four times five is / are twenty. ( Four times five make /makes twenty .)六 當(dāng)主語是一個(gè)從句，不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)。但由 and 連接兩個(gè)不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)，表示不同的兩件事。例： 1.whether he succeeds or fails doesnt concern me . (他成功或失敗與我無關(guān)) 2.Swimming in the Yangtze River needs great courage. 3.To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 4.To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use for character-training.另外：當(dāng) what, all (that) 或such 引導(dǎo)的句子做主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)看后面的表語來確定.例： 1.What he wants is some advice on how to learn English, while what he looks forward to are some English dictionaries. 2.All that they ask for are vegetables, fruits , quilts and clothes . 3.Such are the things I often do in a day. 4.Such is my best friend Mary.七.當(dāng)一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞用做書名，人名，學(xué)科名或報(bào)刊名時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。例： 1.Guilivers Travels is a novel written by Jonathan Swift .（ 格列佛游記 ） 2.The Times is a very helpful newspaper for our studies . （泰晤士報(bào)）八.定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語時(shí)，從句的謂語應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。例： 1.She is the only one of the students who has passed the examination. 2.They told us something about the houses which were built in the 1540s / 1540s.九.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞還是由被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語來確定。例： 1.I am in the search for my missing gold ring .其強(qiáng)調(diào)句為： It is I who am in the search for my missing gold ring .十.幾種較為特殊的主語與謂語的一致。A. 當(dāng)and 與 bothand 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)的謂語。但如果由and并列的兩個(gè)主語是指同一人時(shí)，此時(shí)后面一個(gè)主語沒有冠詞，其謂語用單數(shù)，表示一 個(gè)人具有雙重身份。若后一個(gè)名詞前有冠詞，則表示兩個(gè)人，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)。例： 1.The teacher and writer is giving the boys a very wonderful lecture . 2.The teacher and the singer are talking in the hall.B. the +形容詞 / 分詞 做主語表一類人時(shí)，謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)；但 the rest 要看它代表的東西來確定。例： 1.The wounded are being done first aid beside the road now . 2.She has taken some of the vegetables. The rest are still on the table . 3.He has eaten up some of the cheese . The rest has gone bad . 4.The rest of the story was wonderfully moving and I was moved to tears C many 修飾主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。但 many a , more than one +單數(shù)名詞（意為不只一個(gè)），雖說具有復(fù)數(shù)意義，但謂語仍用單數(shù)。例： 1.Many students have made that mistake before . 2.Many a student has made that mistake before . 3.More than one student has made that mistake before .D. 當(dāng)trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes, socks, gloves等由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的物品做主語時(shí)， 謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。但若與 a pair of, a kind of 等連用時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。例： 1.His trousers are torn into pieces in the bike accident . 2.This pair of trousers belongs to my sister . Mine are being washed .* 由more than one 修飾單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)* the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。* More 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 than one 和 more than one 單數(shù)名詞的意義相同，均表示“不只一個(gè)”，但前者用作復(fù)數(shù)，后者用作單數(shù)。又如：More students than one were punished.More than one student was punished* all, most, half, rest等詞作主語時(shí)，所指的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)形式。如：All of us are eager to leave now.Half of the water has been drunk.* the+ 形容詞表示一類人，如the blind, the deaf, the living(生者)，the dead, the rich, the poor, the young, the old等，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)主謂一致專練 1-_ either he or I proud of the job ? -Neither he nor you _.A. Am, are B. Is, are C. Are, are D. Am, is2. A knife and fork _ lying on the floor .A. was seen B. were seen C. see D. sees 3.The factory, including its equipments and buildings ,_burnt last night .A. is B. are C. was D. were4 .I, who _ your close friend, will share your joys and sorrows ( 悲傷).A. was B. are C. is D. am5. Over 70 percent of the population in this province _ farmers .A. is B. are C. has D. have 6. Some person _asking for you at the entrance to the cinema .A. will be B. is being C. is D. are 7.The rest of the novel _ very wonderful and instructive .A. were B. are C. is D. seem8.Every means _ tried, but there is no absolute result yet.A. have been B. has been C. will be D. were 9.What I want _ an interesting book while what he expects _ two cups of coffee .A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are10.A teacher, together with four students, _ sent to help with this research the next week .A. was B. has C. were D. are11.He lost one of the books which _borrowed from the library yesterday.A. were B. was C. had D. have12.Jack,as well as his relatives and friends, _a party at home now.A. are having B. is have C. is holding D. are holding13.The 26th Olympic Games _ held successfully .A. is B. will be C. are D. were14.All but the one that asked for leave yesterday _ here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were15.On each side of the road _ a lot of tall trees .A. stands B. is standing C. grow D. is growing16.Three hours with your old friends_ to be a short time .A. seem B. seems C. is seeming D. has seemed17.When and where to build the new first aid center _ yet.A. hasnt been decided B. doesnt decidedC. havent been decided D. arent decided18.The United Nations _ in 1959 .A. were found B. were founded C. was found D. was founded 19.Each teacher and each scientist _ invited to take part in the conference.A. are B. was C. has D. were 20.One and a half apples _ left on the table . A. are B. is C. has D. have十二。倒裝句種類倒裝條件例句完全倒裝here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副詞開頭的句子表示強(qiáng)調(diào)Out rushed the children.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語作狀語位于句首Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.強(qiáng)調(diào)表語，置于句首，或?yàn)楸３志渥悠胶釶resent at the meeting were 1,000 students.部分倒裝never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首Hardly did I know what had happened.only和修飾的狀語放于句首Only then did he realized the importance of English.not onlybut also連接并列的句子，前倒后不倒Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it.neithernor連接并列的句子，前后都倒裝Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.sothat, suchthat中的so或such及修飾的成分放于句首時(shí)前倒后不倒So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語Child as he is, he has learned a lot.so, neither或nor表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另外的人或事。He can play the piano. So can i.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中May you be in good health!省略if的虛擬條件Were I you, I would not do it in this way.從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV,but . A. a little did he hear B. little did he hearC. little heard he D. a little heard he2. Hello,Zhu Hua. Ill have to return to Canada because Ive worked here for a year. !A. What tim?flies B. How time fliesC. What does time fly D. How does time fly3. During the war, but also he lost his wife and his child. A. not was his job in the lab taken away B. not only was his job in the lab taken awayC. not merely his job in the lab was taken awayD. not just was taken away his job in the lab4. We have to stop talking here outside. Listen,! Hurry up, or well be late. A. There goes the bell B. There does the bell goC. There the bell goes D. Goes the bell there5. I think this is the first time that we have met. anywhere. A. Before have we never seen each other B. Never before we have seen each otherC. Each other have we seen never before D. Never before have we seen each other6. ! You should take this chance to attend it. A. How important conference is it B. How an important conference it isC. What an important conference is it D. What an important conference it is7. She didnt come to the party last Sunday. ,she must have made the party more exciting. A. If she came B. Would she comeC. Had she come D. Did she come8. They finally managed to climb to the top,but then. A. went the children down the hill B. down the hill did the children goC. down the hill went the childrenD. down the hill the children went9. I received his mothers telephone call at eleven. that he was badly hurt in an accident yesterday. A. Then did I know B. Only then I knewC. Only then did I know D. Only then knew I10. What sport do you like best? Springboard diving(跳板跳水). to dive into water from high board!A. What a fun is it B. How fun it isC. How a fun is it D. What fun it is11. The old man wouldnt stay at home for a rest even if it rained. . He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day. A. So would my grandpa B. So wouldnt my grandpaC. Neither would my grandpa D. Nor wouldnt my grandpa12. for us to surf(沖浪) on the sea in summer!A. What exciting is it B. How exciting is itC. What exciting it is D. How exciting it is13. By no means to our plan for the trip. A. will she agree B. she will agreeC. agrees she D. will agree she14. The child tiptoed(翹起腳尖走) quietly to the bird. into the forest when he was about to catch it. A. Flew it away B. Away flew itC. Away it flew D. Flew away it15. Little Tom is an orphan. ,he has to make a living by himself. A. A child as he is B. Child as he isC. Child as is he D. A child though he is 16. he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!A. What a good advice B. How a good adviceC. What good advice D. How good advice17. Hardly had she walked out of the woods she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree. A. than B. until C. since D. when18. that we couldnt catch up with him. A. So fast he ran B. So fast did he runC. So fast ran he D. Such fast did he run19. We have been on duty for four hours and . A. now comes your turn B. now does your turn comeC. now your turn comes D. comes now your turn20. We havent seen each other for many months. !A. What I missed you B. What did I miss youC. How I missed you D. How did I miss you 21. can you find out how many chickens there are!A. Counting them B. By counting themC. Only by counting them D. Only have you counted them22. Between the two mountsand they decide to build a ropeway(索道). A. lies a very deep valley B. does a very deep valley lie C. a very deep valley lies D. a very deep valley lays23. They went into a small house but . A. no persons did they findB. not a person found theyC. not a person did they findD. not a person they found24. My mother does a lot of housework before going to work,but she has never been late. . A. So does my mother B. Neither does my motherC. Nor has my mother D. So it is with my mother25. Everyone has arrived at eight and . A. then does the meeting beginB. then begins the meetingC. begins the meeting thenD. does the meeting begin then26. it is for us to see that he does his work so well!A. What surprise B. How surpriseC. What a surprise D. How a surprise27. Look over there. !A. Around the corner is walking a policemanB. Around the corner is a policeman walkingC. Around the corner a policeman is walking D. Is around the corner walking a policeman28. ,we could forgive him for his mistakes!A. Were he still a child B. If he is still a childC. Is he still a child D. He were still a child29. Henry often helps look after Granny Wang,but. A. seldom is George B. seldom George does C. seldom does George D. seldom looks George after Granny Wang30. The water changes into thick ice covering rivers and lakes in winter in Harbin. in Urumqi and children go skating on it then. A. So is it B. So it doesC. So it is D. So does it31. I remember that an old church on the top of the hill many years ago. A. used to be there B. there used to be C. there used to have D. there had32. Could you write me a letter ?A. when will you get home B. when do you get home C. when you will get home D. when you get home33. Mother told Rose to buy some sugar in the supermarket and . A. she did so B. so she didC. so did she D. she did such34. shortly after it stopped raining. A. There appeared a colorful rainbow in the skyB. In the sky did a colorful rainbow appearC. There a colorful rainbow appeared in the skyD. There in the sky a colorful rainbow appeared35. After the patients went into the office,working. A. only a doctor did they see B. only a doctor saw theyC. only a doctor they saw D. only a doctor had they seen36. We have looked for the lost sheep almost everywhere,but nowhere . A. we can find it B. can we find itC. can find we it D. we can it find37. Only since they gave up that good chance to show their invention again. A. have they had no chanceB. they have had no chance C. they have no chance D. have they no chance38. You can see a large signal on the wall： !A. Long lives the PRC B. Long live the PRC C. Long does the PRC live D. Long do the PRC live39. ,she may not catch up with her sister Lisa. A. Hard though she worksB. Hard although she worksC. Hard works she D. Hard even if she works40. these ancient buildings in this city are!A. What perfectly protectedB. How perfect protectedC. How perfectly protectedD. What perfect protected41. Nothing but two ancient Chinese coins after they took out the jar. A. did they find in it B. they found in itC. in it did they find D. in it found they42. He is strict in everything and strict with everyone. . A. My father is always suchB. My father is always so a strict manC. Such is my father D. So a strict man is my father43. If you dont go to his birthday party next Friday,. A. so do I B. so will I C. nor do I D. nor will I44. Since everyone has come back here,. A. on goes our discussion B. goes on our discussionC. on does our discussion go D. does on our discussion go45. when we passed by its nest. A. Up into the blue sky did the bird fly B. Up into the blue sky the bird flewC. Up into the blue sky flew the birdD. Flew up into the blue sky the bird主謂一致答案：（參考答案：BACDB CCBAA ACDDC BADBA/B ）倒裝句及感嘆句專練45題參考答案及簡析1. B。具有否定意義的副詞如：little,seldom,never,hardly,scarcely,rarely等位于句首時(shí)，句子的主謂部分倒裝。2. B。how time flieshow fast time flies“時(shí)間過得真快”。因?yàn)楸桓袊@的部分是副詞fast，因此感嘆詞用how，感嘆句需用陳述語序。3. B。not only. . . but also連接兩個(gè)并列分句，且not only位于句首時(shí)，該分句主謂部分倒裝。4. A。在以here,there,up,down,in,on,out,away,off等副詞開頭的句子里，主語是名詞時(shí)，句子主謂全部倒裝，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。但主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，不倒裝。5. D。否定副詞never before提前到句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。6. D。由于被感嘆的部分是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)conference，所以感嘆詞用what，感嘆句需用陳述語序。7. C。Had she comeIf she had come。if引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣條件狀語從句，在口語中或非正式場(chǎng)合可以把if省略掉而改用部分倒裝。8. C。介詞短語位于句首，且謂語為不及物動(dòng)詞的句子，句子的主謂全部倒裝。9. C。only修飾句子的狀語（副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句）位于句首時(shí)，句子的主謂部分倒裝。10. D。句子中fun是不可數(shù)名詞，感嘆詞需要用what。11. C。Neither would my grandpaMy grandpa wouldnt stay at home for a rest,either. 否定副詞neither,nor提前到句首，句子用部分倒