《英語口譯》Ex-Education.doc

5英語口譯（WXL）Ex.Education漢譯英1教育，是現(xiàn)代化國家的基石。/ 國家的發(fā)展最終要靠提高全人類的素質(zhì)。/ 我們已經(jīng)在全國建立了鞏固和普及義務(wù)制教育，大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育和努力提高高等教育的格局。/ 在這里，我特別想強調(diào)一下平民教育，因為世界上絕大多數(shù)人都是平民。/ 平民的素質(zhì)關(guān)系到一個國家整體國民的素質(zhì)（國民的整體素質(zhì)）。我們有13億人口，9億農(nóng)民，平民的比重更高。/ 我們之所以把義務(wù)教育和職業(yè)教育放在重要的位置，就是要使教育成為面向平民的教育，從而使人人能受到教育。 漢譯英2中國教育有四大組成部分基礎(chǔ)教育、職業(yè)技術(shù)教育、高等教育和成人教育。/ 基礎(chǔ)教育包括幼兒園、小學(xué)和中學(xué)。/ 職業(yè)技術(shù)教育包括各類技術(shù)學(xué)校、職業(yè)中學(xué)以及短期職業(yè)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)。/ 高等教育指專科、本科、研究生等高等學(xué)歷層次的教育。/ 成人教育包括掃盲和以成人為教育對象的學(xué)校教育和其他形式的教育。參考譯文漢譯英1Education is the bedrock of a modernized country. / At the end of the day, the countrys development will rely on the improvement of the competence of its population. / We have already established the education system throughout the country that focuses on the universalization and consolidation of compulsory education, the development of occupational education and improvement of higher education. / Here, I would like to give the stress and the importance to the education for the general public. Most of the people in this world are ordinary people and belong to the general public./ I think the competence of the general public is a direct reflection of the overall competence of the country. / China is a country with a population of 1.3 billion and 900 million of the Chinese people live in the countryside. / So we have even a bigger proportion of our people receiving ordinary education. / The very reason why we put much emphasis on the compulsory education and occupational education is that we would like to make this education oriented to the general public so that everyone in this country can receive education.參考譯文漢譯英2There are four major types of education in China, namely, basic education, vocational and technical education, higher education and adult education. / Basic education refers to education at kindergartens, primary schools and middle schools. / Vocational education consists of various kinds of technical schools, vocational secondary schools and short-term vocational and technical training courses. / Higher education refers to short two-to three-year higher education programs, four-year undergraduate education, and graduate education. / Adult education includes literacy classes, school education and other forms of education provided for adults. 英譯漢-1Harvard University was a product of the Puritans who settled here in 1630 or so. Of a total population of perhaps 15,000 or 20,000, there 130 Oxford and Cambridge graduates among the settlers, which is one to every 30 or 35 families, far in excess of what situation was in England. So, these educated Puritans pressured their local government to found a school for their sons, which it did in 1636. Because a Puritan named John Harvard bequeathed his library to the school, the school was named after him. For many years, the college was a very small institution, and its prospects of survival were especially financially very slim. But it survived those terrible years in the 1640s and 1650s, and, by the end of the century, it was well established, and its degrees were recognized by Oxford and Cambridge.In the years since then, Harvard, more than any other American university, has enjoyed remarkable financial support from its dedicated alumni. Without doubt, Harvard University in Massachusetts is the oldest university in the United States.英譯漢-2In the English educational system, students take three very important examinations. / The first is the eleven-plus, which is taken at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the ability or aptitude shown on the eleven-plus would have determined if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in “comprehensive” schools, and the eleven-plus determined which courses of study the child will follow. / At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are tested for the Ordinary Level of the General Certificate of Education. This examination covers a wide range of subjects; once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two-thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length./ The final examination, at eighteen, covers only the content of the special subjects. Even at the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture outside that subject again; in a real sense, the English boy or girl is a specialist from the age of fifteen參考譯文英譯漢-1哈佛大學(xué)是1630年左右在這里定居的清教徒的產(chǎn)物。在總數(shù)約為1500020000人的移民中，有130名牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生，即每3035戶人家中就有一名，這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過當(dāng)時英國的平均水平。于是，這些受過教育的清教徒就對當(dāng)?shù)卣┘訅毫Γ鬄樽约旱淖拥苻k一所學(xué)校。1636年，他們的愿望得以實現(xiàn)。由于一位名叫約翰 哈佛的清教徒把自己的圖書館藏書遺贈給該校，學(xué)校就以他的名字命名。/ 此后很多年里，這所大學(xué)規(guī)模很小，它存在下去的前景很渺茫，尤其是經(jīng)費方面。但是它度過了十七世紀(jì)40年代和50年代那些可怕的歲月生存下來。到了17世紀(jì)末，它已牢固地站穩(wěn)了腳跟，所授學(xué)位被牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)承認(rèn)。/ 自那時以來，哈佛大學(xué)一直得到忠心耿耿的校友所奉獻(xiàn)的巨大財政支持，在這方面超過了其他任何一所美國大學(xué)。毫無疑問，位于馬薩諸塞州的哈佛大學(xué)是美國最古老的大學(xué)。參考譯文英譯漢-2在英國的教育制度中，學(xué)生要參加三次非常重要的考試。/ 第一次是11歲少年中學(xué)入學(xué)考試，這種考試專為11歲或者比11歲稍大的學(xué)生舉行。過去，在這次考試中顯示出的才能或能力曾一度決定一個學(xué)生能否繼續(xù)上學(xué)。然而現(xiàn)在，所有的孩子都要在綜合學(xué)校繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，所以這次考試只是決定他們將要學(xué)習(xí)那些課程。/ 在15、16歲的時候，學(xué)生要參加另一次考試來獲得普通等級考試證書。這次考試涉及的科目很廣，學(xué)生們一旦通過這次考試，就選擇自己的專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)方向。這些專業(yè)方向課程的三分之二或更多是物理、化學(xué)、古典語言，或者是他們自己最想學(xué)習(xí)的課程。/ 學(xué)生在18歲時將參加最后一次考試，其內(nèi)容只包括專業(yè)課程。在英國的大學(xué)里，學(xué)生只研究他們的專業(yè)，很少冒險去學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)以外的課程。不夸張地說，英國的男孩、女孩從15歲起就已經(jīng)有“行業(yè)專攻”了。教育Words and Expressions中華人民共和國教育部Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China初等教育primary education中等教育secondary education高等教育higher education普及九年制義務(wù)教育to make the nine-year compulsory education universal掃盲to eliminate illiteracy升學(xué)率proportion of students entering higher schools注冊人數(shù)enrollment輟學(xué)青少年school drop-out學(xué)分制credit system雙學(xué)士制a double BA degree system主副修制a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field畢業(yè)論文thesis; dissertation論文導(dǎo)師supervisor畢業(yè)證書diploma; graduation certificate結(jié)業(yè)證書Certificate of Completion肄業(yè)證書Certificate of Completion / Incompletion / Attendance / Study畢業(yè)鑒定graduation appraisal授予某人學(xué)位to confer a degree on sb.學(xué)士bachelor碩士master準(zhǔn)博士all but dissertation (ABD)博士doctor博士后post doctorate成績單school report; report card; transcript升級to be promoted to a higher grade留級to repeat the years work; to stay down補考make-up examination考勤check roll休學(xué)schooling suspension開除學(xué)籍expulsion from school獎學(xué)金scholarship領(lǐng)取助學(xué)金的學(xué)生a grant-aided student勤工助學(xué)work-study重點學(xué)科key disciplinary areas of priority fields of study民辦學(xué)校schools run by non-governmental resources希望工程Project Hope在職培訓(xùn)in-service training進(jìn)修班refresher course速成班crash course自學(xué)成才to become educated through independent study自學(xué)考試self-taught examination專業(yè)課specialized course必修課compulsory course; required course公開課open class基礎(chǔ)課basic course聽課to visit a class; to sit in on a class; to attend a lecture課堂討論class discussion走讀生day student自費生commoner寄宿生boarder旁聽生guest student（英）/ auditor（美）留學(xué)生international student研究生graduate student高等院校institution of higher education教職員teaching and administrative staff教學(xué)人員the faculty; teaching staff教授professor副教授associate professor客座教授guest professor講師lecturer助教teaching assistant專職教師full-time teacher兼職教師part-time teacher輔導(dǎo)員assistant for political and ideological work教研室teaching and research section / group母校Alma Mater校友alumnus; alumna學(xué)生會students union / association教育方針education policy愛國主義教育education in patriotism集體主義教育education in collectivism國際主義教育education in internationalism共產(chǎn)主義教育education in communism政治思想教育political and ideological education面向現(xiàn)代化、面向世界、面向未來be oriented to modernization, the world and the future德智體美全面發(fā)展to develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically品學(xué)兼優(yōu)excellent in character and learning德才兼?zhèn)鋞o combine character with ability復(fù)合型人才inter-disciplinary talent教書育人to educate a person as well as inform book knowledge因材施教individualized instruction教育、科技和人才，是國家強盛、民族振興的基石，也是綜合國力的核心。優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育事業(yè)。強國必先強教。只有一流的教育，才能培養(yǎng)一流人才，建設(shè)一流國家。/ 我們要著重抓好五個方面：一是推進(jìn)教育改革。二是促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育的均衡發(fā)展。三是繼續(xù)加強職業(yè)教育。四是推進(jìn)高等學(xué)校管理體制和招生制度改革。五是加強教師隊伍建設(shè)。/ 教育寄托者億萬家庭對美好生活的期盼，關(guān)系著民族素質(zhì)和國家未來。不普及和提高教育，國家不可能強盛。這個道理我們要永遠(yuǎn)銘記。（政府工作報告第十一屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議 2010年3月5日）Education, science and human resources are the cornerstones of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and are also the core of overall national strength. We will give high priority to the development of education. For a country to become strong, it must first strengthen education. First-class education is a prerequisi