四級議論文寫作.doc

議論文寫作1. 議論文的格式： 議論文的格式應由三個部分組成：立論部分；論證部分；結(jié)論部分。一般說來，議論文可分三個基本段落來寫：第一段引出話題；第二段立論且加以論證；第三段給出明確的結(jié)論。第二段是中心段落，應試者應將主要的內(nèi)容放在第二段中，同時也要注意開篇及結(jié)尾段落的完整性，且應盡量做到首尾呼應，切忌前后矛盾。2. 段落的統(tǒng)一性及語篇的連貫性1) 段落的統(tǒng)一性英語段落有一大特點，即一個段落只涉及一個主題(甚至只是一個主題的某個方面)。段落中的一個句子點出主題并說明作者對該主題的看法，而其它所有句子都是為展開該主題而給出的事實、例證、推理，它們與主題緊密相關。段落中不應有一個與主題無關的句子。英文段落的這種各個句子與主題的關聯(lián)性被稱作段落的統(tǒng)一性。2) 語篇的連貫性英語議論文的段落多采取直線展開式，即段落開始直接切入主題，并給出事實、例證、推理等。英語議論文段落這種展開方式是形成其語篇連貫的基礎。語篇的連貫是指段落中各句的意義通過某種有序的排列(如時間順序、因果順序、邏輯順序等)而相互關聯(lián)。在論述該段落主題的時候，每后一個句子都是建立在前面一個句子的基礎之上的。如果去掉段落中的一個句子，這種連貫便會受到影響，就會造成讀者在理解上的困難。3. 議論文中心段落的主題句及其論據(jù)、議論文中常用的詞句與短語議論文中心段落的主題句及其論據(jù) .一篇議論文能否獲得高分與其中心段落主題句的質(zhì)量不無關聯(lián)，而主題句質(zhì)量的高低則又取決于審題的好壞和論據(jù)的選擇(即所選的論據(jù)在邏輯性、說理性、準確性及與主題內(nèi)容的關聯(lián)性等方面是否都經(jīng)得起推敲)。需要明確的是，中心段落只應有兩個組成部分：段落的主題句和支持主題句的論據(jù)。段落的主題句也應有兩個部分組成，即：主題句=主題 作者對主題的看法或態(tài)度，兩者缺一不可。假設應試者被要求寫一篇有關吸煙的議論文，那么 SMOKING 就是中心段落的主題一般說來，議論文要求應試者闡明自己對某問題的看法或態(tài)度。因此當我們拿到議論文的題目以后，要認真審題，權(quán)衡某事的利與弊，然后確定我們的立場。如何構(gòu)建段落的主題句呢？拿到議論文的題目以后，經(jīng)認真審題后，用英文列出你所能想起的與主題有關的例證。 Argumentation型1） some, others, I 型 （1）模版一 There is no consensus among the people as to the view of _ (主題). Some people hold the idea that _ (觀點A). A case in point is that _ (支持觀點A的例子). On the other hand, others may have a quite different view. According to them, _ (觀點B). The most typical example is that _ (支持觀點B的例子). Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extent, but the latter is more convincing. （2）模版二 _ (主題) is a common occurrence in our lives. The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person. Some people tend to _ when they are asked _ (觀點A) because _ (支持觀點A的原因). The most typical example is that _ (支持觀點A的例子). However, others argue that _ (觀點B). They point out that _ (重申觀點B) for the reason that _ (支持觀點B的原因). As far as I am concerned, I will choose to _ (你的觀點) because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief. 2） My View 型 （1）模版一 When asked about _ (主題), some people hold the idea that _ (觀點A). As far as they are concerned, _ (展開觀點A). But I could not agree with them in several points. In my opinion, _ (觀點B). The reasons for my choice are listed as follows. In the first place, _ (支持觀點B的理由1). In the second place, _ (支持觀點B的理由2). In the third place, _ (支持觀點B的理由3). For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe _ (重申觀點B). （2）模版二 Some people believe that _ (觀點A). For instance, they hold the idea that _ (支持觀點A的例子). And it may bring them _ (A帶給他們的好處). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing, _ (我不同意的理由1). For another, _ (我不同意的理由2). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, I agree to the thought that _ (重申自己的觀點). 3）利弊型 （1）模版一 Nowadays many people prefer _ (主題) because it plays a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. On the one hand, _ (主題的優(yōu)點1). On the other hand, _ (主題的優(yōu)點2). But everything can be divided into two. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that _ (主題的缺點1). To make matters worse, _ (主題的缺點2). Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, _ (主題) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society. （2）模版二 With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful. The phenomenon of _ (主題現(xiàn)象) is an example of the former / latter one. There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects. To start with, _ (原因1). Furthermore, _ (原因2). Eventually, _ (原因3). Good as _ (主題現(xiàn)象) is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages. The apparent example is that _ (缺點例子1). In addition, _ (缺點例子2). On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society. There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate _ (主題現(xiàn)象) and make our life more comfortable. 例文習作Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Internet. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in hinese:1. 有人認為網(wǎng)絡可以讓學習、工作更有效率2. 還有人認為網(wǎng)絡讓青少年沉迷，進而影響學習3. 你對于網(wǎng)絡的看法The InternetIn the era of information and technology, the Internet has played an improtant role in our society. With the Internet, its easy to get the information we need, improving the efficiency of our study and work. We cant deny that it is impossible for lots of people to achieve great success in the modern society without the Internet. However, some people think that the Internet has a bad effect on the growth of the teenagers. The teenagers are too young to resist some temptations from the Internet. Some of them indulge themselves in the Internet and at last are lured away from the study. In my opinion, we should pay more attention to the advantages of the Internet and make the most of it. Meanwhile, we should teach the teenagers how to use the Internet positively, and make the Internet a tool for their healthy development.Recreational Activities （1）21st century has brought with it an unprecedented variety of recreational activities ranging from traditional outdoor activities such as playing ball games to all kinds of online ones, the latter of which is a great appeal to the young generation. So Id like to narrow my topic down to online recreational activities. It goes without saying that various activities brought by modern technology have greatly broadened our horizon and brought much excitement to us. With access to the Internet, you can get to know people from any country in the world and you can talk with them, play games with them - a temptation very hard to resist, and even see them via web cam. The disadvantage, however, is that anyone who lacks self-control would very easily get lost and become addicted to the online world, which in turn might seriously affect their life, work and interpersonal relationships. As a college student, I think what really matters is to make better choice and exert more discipline. Wed better take advantage of good online recreational activities to enrich our lives and broaden the scope of knowledge. When it comes to those addictive, time-consuming and less meaningful activities, I think to stay away from them is a wise decision. Recreational Activities（2）With the development of living standard, people spend more time on various forms of recreational activities. People can do sports, singing karaoke, go dancing, go to the movies, play video games or online games, or surf the Internet. Recreational activities are good to peoples health, both physically and mentally. Sports and dancing can keep people fit. Singing karaoke, playing video games or online games can satisfy peoples imagination. Surfing the Internet can bring people a lot of information and knowledge. However, recreational activities might be harmful if people are addicted. Spending too much time on recreational activities will seriously influence peoples normal lives, especially work and study. Therefore, people will benefit from recreational activities only if they take part in them properly. Direction: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Stress. You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the online below:1.有的人害怕壓力。2.有的人認為壓力并不是一件壞事。3.我的看法。 On Stress With the fast are pace of modern life, more and more people are living under great pressure. Some people are afraid of pressure. They think that the stresses and strains of work deprive them of joy and happiness. In their view, stress does harm to them both physically and mentally. That is why they prefer something less competitive and strenuous to something more demanding and challenging. Others argue that stress isnt as bad as it often supposed to be. Unless it is overwhelming, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and stimulation. With out stress, you may slack off and idle away your time. It gives purpose and meaning to an otherwise meaningless, dull life. People under stress tend to bring their potential into full play and to realize their goals. In my opinion, we shouldnt escape from stress but to face it as it is. What we can do is to adapt to the stress and to profit from it rather than to avoid it.Direction: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cars and Air Pollution. You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1.私家轎車越來越多，有些問題隨之產(chǎn)生。2.比較明顯的大問題有.3.我對這種現(xiàn)象的看法。 Car and Air PollutionToo many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death. One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Shanghai, some of the public buses begin to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars completely replace the traditional ones. Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not buy private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly. On the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the collective efforts from the government, the public and the environmentalistsDirections: The summer vacation is drawing near. You, Liming by name, want to find a part-time job. Write an application letter of about 120-150 words within 30 minutes.Dear Sirs, Im Li Ming, a sophomore majoring in English at XX University. I read in yesterdays newspaper that you are looking for a part-time secretary and I think Ill prove to be a real find for you. During the past two years at university, Ive taken over 18 compulsory and optional course, and have according improved my ability of English listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation considerably. Besides, I have learned a lot about foreign relations and trade. At leisure, I always try to grasp every precious opportunity to practice English with native speakers. As a matter of fact, Ive already tried some translation and interpretation jobs. I once worked as a temporary interpreter at the East China Export Commodities Fair. In addition, during the past two years, I have been working as a part-time tour guide. My jobs offered me good opportunities to improve my English and work competence and I enjoy them very much. Two weeks from now, I will be on holiday again. If you can grant me the honor to work for your company as a secretary for two months, Id feel obliged. Thank you for reading my application letter. Im looking forward to your reply.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: School or Major. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:1.選擇報考的高校時，有人先考慮大學的名氣，有人先考慮專業(yè)是否熱門。2.如果兩者不能兼顧，你先考慮哪個？為什么？ School or Major Recent years have witnessed a steady increase in the popularity of such majors as international finance, finance and accountancy, international trade and business administration. In the meantime, whether to choose good university or a good major has provoked a debate. It is true that graduates from prestigious universities are popular in talent markets, so, many students would spare no efforts to be enrolled in good universities. To them, entering a good university means standing on the threshold of a promising career after graduation. But, a good university can give you confidence as well as much competitive pressure and even the best university has unpopular majors, thus in todays job-hunting society, graduates from these majors could encounter much difficulty in finding a job, let alone a good one, which means they are out of job immediately after graduation. How about a good major? Maybe