高考英語閱讀理解課堂練學案26.doc

2012高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練學案（26） Passage Twenty- nine (Men Are Carrying on a Sex-fight)This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldnt think of if you could heat what the average man thinks of the average woman/ Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, youd think that women belonged to a different species!On the surface, the comments made by men about womens abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness dose not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. Lets consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women cant don Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called rights. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women havent even been given the cote. This situation is preposterous! The arguments that men put forward to exclude women from these fields are all too familiar. Women, they say, are unreliable and irrational. They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and instinct to arrive at decisions. They are not even capable of thinking clearly. Yet when women prove their abilities, men refuse to acknowledge them and give them their due. So much for a mans ability to think clearly!The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, there men have failed for centuries. Some things are too important to be left to men!1. What does the first sentence imply?A. It is not really an enlightened age. . It is different from an enlightened age.C. It is the same as an enlightened age. C. It is like an enlightened age.2. Why do men carry on the sex war against women?A. Because of their inferiority. . Because they shun real competition.C. Because of their claim to supremacy. D. Because they still look down upon women.3. The “fiction” is closest in meaning to A. Novel. . Man-made idea. C. False idea. D. Story.4. What is the main argument men have raised against women?A. Women are lack of cold reasoning. . They depend on intuition too much.C. They are unreliable and irrational. C. They are too still look down upon women.Vocabulary1. conscientious 認真的，真心實意的2. maniac 瘋狂的，瘋子3. preposterous 反常的，荒謬的4. quibble 狡辯，摸棱兩可難句譯注1. the inferiority complex 自卑情緒，指一種由自悲感引起的復雜心理狀態(tài)，對應詞是the superiority complex 自高情緒2. So much for a mans ability to think clearly! 這是對男人想清楚能力的諷刺，譯文應根據(jù)上下文而定。上文說到“婦女甚至難以想得清楚。可是當婦女證明她們有此能力時，男人拒不承認?！?參考譯文 男人想清楚的能力可真大啊。3. But this is a minor quibble. 參考譯文 這是一個小小的狡辯。4. They have often put men to shame.參考譯文 她們經(jīng)常使男人無地自容。寫作方法與文章大意 文章論及“男人輕視婦女”的問題。采用對比因果的手法寫作。先提出婦女經(jīng)過艱苦卓絕的斗爭，贏得了獨立的勝利，得到了承認，可是斗爭遠沒結(jié)束。因為男子繼續(xù)在進行性別斗爭。下面就從男女雙方對比，也可以說，男方輕視婦女及其理由，女方據(jù)理反駁。最后作者指出男人輕視婦女的根本原因是他們的自卑情緒。答案祥解1. A. 這確實不是一個啟蒙時代。（1）這是第一句話語氣和言詞傳遞出來的內(nèi)容?！斑@個時代應該是一個啟蒙時期，可是假如你聽到男人怎么說女人的，你就不會這么認為?！保?）正篇文章也傳遞了這個信息。B. 不同于啟蒙時期。 C. 這時代跟啟蒙時代一樣。 D. 這時代象個啟蒙時期。 這三項都不對。2. C. 他們對至高無上權(quán)威的追求。答案在最后一段“事實是由于男人們基本的自卑情緒，他們追求至高無上的權(quán)威。他們躲避真正的競爭。他們心里明白婦女比他們優(yōu)秀，因此他們害怕在他們自己的游戲中失利?！盇. 因為他們自卑。 B. 因為他們躲避真正的競爭。 D. 因為他們?nèi)匀惠p視婦女。3. C. 錯誤觀點。Fiction本意為“虛構(gòu)”，此處上下文決定此義：“可是男人們繼續(xù)堅持這種錯誤的觀點：有許多工作婦女干不了，兩國高級政治談判，商業(yè)和銀行幾乎全部為男人們所控制，他們忌妒地保衛(wèi)著他們所謂的權(quán)利?！盇. 小說。 D. 故事。 這是fiction兩種基本含義，這里不對。 B. 人為思想。文中沒有這種意義。4. C. 他們不可信，不理智。答案見第三段“他們把婦女排除這些領域之外，所提出的論點是（眾所周知）老調(diào)重彈。他們說婦女不可信，不理智。在做決定時，太依賴于直覺和本能。冷靜得推理太少。”A. 他們?nèi)鄙倮潇o的推理。 B. 他們太依賴于直覺，這兩項只是本段中用以解釋“不可信，不理智的?！?D. 他們太認真。這是在第二段總提到的內(nèi)容“我們都知道婦女引起的交通事故比男人少得多，她們非常認真負責不會像發(fā)瘋似的開車?！盤assage Thirty (Fingerprints) The search for latent prints is done in a systematic and intelligent manner. Investigators develop techniques to locate traces of fingerprints at a crime scene. The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene. The natural manner in which a person would use and place his hands in making an entrance or exit from a building or in handling any object is the key to the discovery of latent prints. Where a forced entrance has been made, latent prints are likely to be found on any surface adjacent to or at that point. Any object with a smooth, non-porous surface is likely to retain latent prints if touched. Fingerprints on rough surfaces are usually of little value. If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons. Places to search for prints on an automobile are the rear view mirror, steering wheel hub, steering column, windshield dashboard and the like. Dusting of surface may be done with a fine brush or with an atomizer. The whit powders used are basically finely powdered white lead, talc, or chalk. Another light powder is basically Chemists gray. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragons blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface. Fingerprints after dusting may be lifted by using fresh cellulose tape or commercially prepared material especially designed to lift and transfer dusted latent fingerprints. In addition to latent prints, the investigator must not overlook the possibility of two other types of fingerprint traces: molded impression and visible impression. Molded impressions are formed by the pressure of the finger upon comparatively soft, pliable, or plastic surfaces producing an actual mold of the fingerprint pattern. These can be recorded by photograph without treating the surface, is usually most effective in revealing the impressions clearly. Visible impressions are formed when the finger is covered with some substance which is transferred to the surface contacted. Fingers smeared with blood, grease, dirt, paint, and the like will leave a visible impression. If these impressions are clear and sharp, they are photographed under light without ant treatment. Ordinarily, prints of this type are blurred or smeared and do not contain enough detail for identification by comparison. However, they can not be overlooked or brushed aside without first being examined carefully.1. What is the best title for this passage?A. Visible impressions. . Moulded impressions.C. Fingerprints. D. Latent fingerprints.2. How many fingermarks are mentioned in this passage?A. 2. . 3. C. 4. D. 5.3. Which type of fingerprints is most likely to retain?A. Latent fingerprints. . Visible impressions.C. Moulded impressions. D. Clear fingerprints.4. How many ways are there to develop fingerprints?A. 2. . 3. C. 4. D. 5.Vocabulary1. latent print 潛在指紋2. premise 前提3. non-porous 無孔的，不滲透的4. ridge 脊，隆起部5. nil 無，零6. premise 房屋及其附屬部件7. rear view mirror 后視鏡8. steering wheel hub 駕駛盤9. steering column 轉(zhuǎn)向柱10. windshield 擋風玻璃11. dashboard 儀表盤，擋泥板12. atomizer 噴霧器13. talc 滑石14. lampblack 燈黑，燈煙15. acacia 阿拉伯樹膠，金合歡膠16. dragons blood 龍血樹脂，麒麟血17. sparingly 少量的，節(jié)約的18. novice 新手，初學者19. cellulose tape 纖維帶，指紋膠帶20. lift 提起，拿起。這里指取下指紋。21. molded impression 模性壓痕22. visible impression 可見壓痕23. pliable 柔韌的，柔順的24. smear 搽上，涂污，弄得模糊不清難句譯注1. The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析 句子長是因為有兩個定語從句：which 和who； which 修飾areas; who 修飾persons.參考譯文 搜尋潛手印的基本前提是：要非常仔細的檢查那些最可能為曾到過現(xiàn)場的人所觸摸的地方。2. If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析 條件句，主從句中都有一個when +過去分詞句型。第一個直接緊跟從句，第二個在主句的表語后面。譯時根據(jù)其所在位置。參考譯文 假如指印在放大鏡下觀察時沒有顯露隆起部分的細節(jié)（不顯露指紋紋理），那很可能，在攝影時其鑒別價值等于零。3. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析 復合句，前面是主從句， whereit will be necessary, 從句so that 中又有一個條件句，if they 。參考譯文 如果發(fā)現(xiàn)了指印，檢查人員就必須把發(fā)現(xiàn)的指印和有權(quán)進入房屋的人的指印作比較。如果指印證實是來自這些人的，那么作為證據(jù)價值的線索就可排除掉。4. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragons blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly.