高考化學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)章末排查練六.docx

章末排查練(六)排查點(diǎn)一原電池電極反應(yīng)式或總反應(yīng)式的書寫1鋁鎳電池(負(fù)極Al，正極Ni，電解液NaCl溶液、O2)負(fù)極：_；正極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。答案：4Al12e=4Al33O26H2O12e=12OH4Al3O26H2O=4Al(OH)32鎂鋁電池(負(fù)極Al，正極Mg，電解液KOH溶液)負(fù)極：_；正極：_；總反應(yīng)離子方程式：_。答案：2Al8OH6e=2AlO4H2O6H2O6e=3H26OH2Al2OH2H2O=2AlO3H23鋰電池(負(fù)極Li，正極石墨，電解液LiAlCl4SOCl2)已知電池總反應(yīng)式：4Li2SOCl2=SO24LiClS，則負(fù)極：_；正極：_。答案：4Li4e=4Li2SOCl24e=SO2S4Cl4鐵鎳電池(負(fù)極Fe，正極NiO2，電解液KOH溶液)已知FeNiO22H2OFe(OH)2Ni(OH)2，則：負(fù)極：_；正極：_。陰極：_；陽極：_。答案：Fe2e2OH=Fe(OH)2NiO22H2O2e=Ni(OH)22OHFe(OH)22e=Fe2OHNi(OH)22e2OH=NiO22H2O5高鐵電池(負(fù)極Zn，正極石墨，電解質(zhì)為浸濕的固態(tài)堿性物質(zhì))已知：3Zn2K2FeO48H2O3Zn(OH)22Fe(OH)34KOH，則：負(fù)極：_；正極：_。陰極：_；陽極：_。答案：3Zn6e6OH=3Zn(OH)22FeO6e8H2O=2Fe(OH)310OH3Zn(OH)26e=3Zn6OH2Fe(OH)36e10OH=2FeO8H2O6氫氧燃料電池(1)電解質(zhì)是KOH溶液(堿性電解質(zhì))負(fù)極：_；正極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。(2)電解質(zhì)是H2SO4溶液(酸性電解質(zhì))負(fù)極：_；正極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。(3)電解質(zhì)是NaCl溶液(中性電解質(zhì))負(fù)極：_；正極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。答案：(1)2H24e4OH=4H2OO22H2O4e=4OH2H2O2=2H2O(2)2H24e=4HO24H4e=2H2O2H2O2=2H2O(3)2H24e=4HO22H2O4e=4OH2H2O2=2H2O7甲烷燃料電池(鉑為兩極、正極通入O2和CO2、負(fù)極通入甲烷、電解液有三種)(1)電解質(zhì)是熔融碳酸鹽(K2CO3或Na2CO3)正極：_；負(fù)極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。(2)酸性電解質(zhì)(電解液為H2SO4溶液)正極：_；負(fù)極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。(3)堿性電解質(zhì)(電解液為KOH溶液)正極：_；負(fù)極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。答案：(1)2O28e4CO2=4COCH48e4CO=5CO22H2OCH42O2=CO22H2O(2)2O28e8H=4H2OCH48e2H2O=CO28HCH42O2=CO22H2O(3)2O28e4H2O=8OHCH48e10OH=CO7H2OCH42O22KOH=K2CO33H2O8甲醇燃料電池(1)堿性電解質(zhì)(鉑為兩極、電解液為KOH溶液)正極：_；負(fù)極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。(2)酸性電解質(zhì)(鉑為兩極、電解液為H2SO4溶液)正極：_；負(fù)極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。答案：(1)3O212e6H2O=12OH2CH3OH12e16OH=2CO12H2O2CH3OH3O24KOH=2K2CO36H2O(2)3O212e12H=6H2O2CH3OH12e2H2O=12H2CO22CH3OH3O2=2CO24H2O排查點(diǎn)二電解池電極反應(yīng)式的書寫1用惰性電極電解下列溶液(1)NaCl溶液陰極：_；陽極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。(2)CuSO4溶液陰極：_；陽極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。答案：(1)2H2e=H22Cl2e=Cl22NaCl2H2O2NaOHH2Cl2(2)2Cu24e=2Cu4OH4e=2H2OO22CuSO42H2O2Cu2H2SO4O22用惰性電極電解下列熔融態(tài)物質(zhì)(1)MgCl2陽極：_；陰極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。(2)Al2O3陽極：_；陰極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。答案：(1)2Cl2e=Cl2Mg22e=MgMgCl2(熔融)MgCl2(2)6O212e=3O24Al312e=4Al2Al2O3(熔融)4Al3O23用銅做電極電解下列溶液(1)H2O陰極：_；陽極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。(2)H2SO4溶液陰極：_；陽極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。(3)NaOH溶液陰極：_；陽極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。答案：(1)2H2e=H2Cu2e=Cu2Cu2H2OCu(OH)2H2(2)2H2e=H2Cu2e=Cu2CuH2SO4CuSO4H2(3)2H2O2e=H22OHCu2e2OH=Cu(OH)2Cu2H2OCu(OH)2H24用Al做電極電解下列溶液(1)H2SO4溶液陰極：_；陽極：_；總反應(yīng)式：_。(2)NaOH溶液陰極：_；陽極：_；總反應(yīng)式：