商務(wù)函電寫作的7C原則.doc

精品文檔商務(wù)函電寫作的7C原則函電的作用，一是索取信息或傳遞信息，二是處理商務(wù)交流中有關(guān)事宜，三是聯(lián)絡(luò)與溝通感情。 商務(wù)函電的寫作應(yīng)掌握7C原則，即： 完整（complete） 正確（correctness） 清楚（clearness） 簡(jiǎn)潔（concreteness） 具體（concreteness） 禮貌（courtesy） 體諒（consideration） 完整：商務(wù)函電應(yīng)完整表達(dá)所要表達(dá)內(nèi)容和意思，何人、何時(shí)、何地、何事、何種原因、何種方式等。 正確：表達(dá)的用詞用語(yǔ)及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)應(yīng)正確無(wú)誤，因?yàn)樯虅?wù)函電的內(nèi)容大多涉及商業(yè)交往中雙方的權(quán)利、義務(wù)以及利害關(guān)系，如果出錯(cuò)勢(shì)必會(huì)造成不必要的麻煩。 清楚：所有的詞句都應(yīng)能夠非常清晰明確地表現(xiàn)真實(shí)的意圖，避免雙重意義的表示或者模棱兩可。用最簡(jiǎn)單普通的詞句來(lái)直截了當(dāng)?shù)馗嬖V對(duì)方。 簡(jiǎn)潔：在無(wú)損于禮貌的前提下，用盡可能少的文字清楚表達(dá)真實(shí)的意思。 清楚和簡(jiǎn)潔經(jīng)常相輔相成，摒棄函電中的陳詞濫調(diào)和俗套，可以使交流變得更加容易和方便。而一事一段則會(huì)使函電清楚易讀和富有吸引力。 具體：內(nèi)容當(dāng)然要具體而且明確，尤其是要求對(duì)方答復(fù)或者對(duì)之后的交往產(chǎn)生影響的函電。 禮貌：文字表達(dá)的語(yǔ)氣上應(yīng)表現(xiàn)出一個(gè)人的職業(yè)修養(yǎng)，客氣而且得體。最重要的禮貌是及時(shí)回復(fù)對(duì)方，最感人的禮貌是從不懷疑甚至計(jì)較對(duì)方的坦誠(chéng)。商務(wù)交往中肯定會(huì)發(fā)生意見分歧，但禮貌和溝通可能化解分歧而不影響雙方的良好關(guān)系。 體諒：為對(duì)方著想，這也是擬定商務(wù)函電時(shí)一直強(qiáng)調(diào)的原則：站在對(duì)方立場(chǎng)。在起草商務(wù)函電時(shí)，始終應(yīng)該以對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看問(wèn)題，根據(jù)對(duì)方的思維方式來(lái)表達(dá)自己的意思，只有這樣，與對(duì)方的溝通才會(huì)有成效。 商務(wù)函電的種類包括：商洽函、詢問(wèn)函、答復(fù)函、請(qǐng)求函、告知函、聯(lián)系函。從商務(wù)函電的具體使用功能來(lái)講，又可分為：來(lái)函處理答復(fù)函、訂貨函、任命函、祝賀函、感謝函、介紹函、邀請(qǐng)函、聯(lián)絡(luò)函、致歉函、慰問(wèn)函、唁函、推銷函。商業(yè)英語(yǔ)之商業(yè)信函的書寫原則（1）completeness實(shí)例解說(shuō)：Cellulose Tape 1/2x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz./-ditto-but 1/2 x 5 yds, 1,000doz.這是出口商接到的一份定單中有關(guān)商品品名，規(guī)格和數(shù)量的內(nèi)容。中文意思是：纖維素帶（幅）寬半英寸，長(zhǎng)碼，帶塑料包裝容器，打；同上，但（幅）寬寬半英寸，長(zhǎng)碼，打。主要問(wèn)題是后半句不清楚。ditto在這里表示前面提到的商品名稱纖維素帶，但不能包括帶塑料包裝容器，因此，幅寬半英寸長(zhǎng)碼的纖維素帶是否有塑料包裝容器沒有說(shuō)清楚，不完整。所以最好改成：Cellulose Tape 1/2x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz. Cellulose Tape 1/2 x 5yds，with plastic dispenser 1000 doz.這樣即完正，又清楚明確，不會(huì)引起誤解。商務(wù)英語(yǔ)之商業(yè)信函的書寫原則（2）Clearness（一）避免使用可能產(chǎn)生不同理解或意義不明確的詞匯例一As to the steamers sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct services.(從香港到舊金山有直達(dá)船，)但是bimonthly 究竟是一個(gè)月兩次即半月一次呢，還是兩個(gè)月一次？不明確。因此，最好清楚明白地說(shuō)明一個(gè)月兩次還是兩個(gè)月一次：（a） We have two direct sailings every month from Hong Kong to San Francisco.（每月兩次直達(dá)船）（b） We have semimonthly direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco.（每半月一次直達(dá)船）（c） We have a direct sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco every two month.（每?jī)蓚€(gè)月一次直達(dá)船）（二）注意修飾詞的位置，有時(shí)修飾詞的位置不同，會(huì)導(dǎo)致不同的含意如：a) Please let us know what you wish us to do about this matter as soon as possible;b) Please let us know as soon as possible what you wish us to do about this matter.以上兩句中的 as soon as possible 修飾的內(nèi)容不同：a) 你們要求我們盡快做些什么。b) 請(qǐng)盡快告訴我們。所以 a) 可譯為請(qǐng)告你們要我們?yōu)榇吮M快做些什么； b) 可譯為請(qǐng)盡快告知，你們要我們?yōu)榇耸伦鲂┦裁础＃ㄈ?注意代名詞，關(guān)系代詞和先行詞的關(guān)系按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，句子中的代名詞和關(guān)系代詞一般是指離得最近的名詞，因此要特別注意，以免引起誤解或不清楚。例句：不好： They informed Messrs. John & Smith that they would receive an answer in a few days.較好： They informed Messrs. John & Smith that latter would receive an answer in a few days.(四)注意前后一致和緊湊，連貫不一致：Being a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us.一致： Being a certified public accountant, you can surely help us. Or: As you are a certified public accountant, I am sure you can help us.（五）仔細(xì)和恰當(dāng)?shù)胤侄温洌≒aragraphing）商業(yè)書信要寫得使人一讀就明白，因此必須按照內(nèi)容仔細(xì)和恰當(dāng)?shù)姆侄温?，一般的分段落原則是一個(gè)段落一個(gè)意思（A paragraph for each point is a good general rule.）. 現(xiàn)舉例說(shuō)明：Dear Sirs,It is reported in a domestic newspaper that the Iranian Central Bank has instructed the commercial banks to suspend their business of opening a new letter of credit as from the 3rd May for financial reason of foreign currency. Although it is said that this arrangement would be a temporary one and with establishment of new import policy this emergency arrangement would be lifted, we are much concerned about the outcome of this movement toward restriction of import to Iran and shall be obliged if you will kindly keep us well advised of development of this new arrangement especially in connection with import from France.Yours faithfully,以上這封信只有一段，供兩句。第一句39字，第二句66字。 讀后雖然能基本了解其內(nèi)容，但讀起來(lái)很不舒服。信的內(nèi)容大體有三點(diǎn)： 伊朗中央銀行因外匯原因，通知個(gè)商業(yè)銀行從五月三日起停止開立信用證； 這臨時(shí)措施，新的進(jìn)口政策一訂，這個(gè)措施可能取消； 希望對(duì)方隨時(shí)告之有關(guān)情況。按照這三點(diǎn)，適當(dāng)?shù)胤址侄温?，把信重新改寫一下，可能讀起來(lái)比原來(lái)的清楚易懂：Dear Sirs,It is reported in a vernacular newspaper that the Iranian Central Bank has instructed the commercial banks to suspend their issuing new Letters of Credit as from the 3rd May because of its decreasing foreign currency funds. Furthermore it is said that the suspension seems a temporary one and will be released with establishment if a new import policy.We are much concerned, however, about the outcome of this movement toward restriction of import to Iran. We, therefore, shall be obliged if you will keep us well informed of development of this new state of affairs, especially in connection with imports from France.Yours faithfully商務(wù)英語(yǔ)之商業(yè)信函的書寫原則（3）Correctness商業(yè)書信必須寫得正確，因?yàn)樗婕暗劫I賣雙方的權(quán)利，義務(wù)，厲害關(guān)系，是各種商業(yè)單據(jù)（如合同）的根據(jù)。廣義的說(shuō)，商業(yè)書信的正確性表現(xiàn)在：（一） 運(yùn)用正確的語(yǔ)言水平（二） 敘述得正確（三） 數(shù)字要正確（四） 正確理解和運(yùn)用商業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)（五） 合適的寫作技巧或方法，以及正確運(yùn)用其他的六個(gè)。一正確的語(yǔ)言水平（） 正式的和非正式的語(yǔ)言水平所用詞匯比較：Formal Informal.terminate 停止，結(jié)束，終止domicile n.住所，住宅；v. （使）定居deem 認(rèn)為，相信transpire 發(fā)生；發(fā)散，泄露Conflagration n. 大火，大火災(zāi)，突發(fā)edifice 大廈，大建筑物endeavor 盡力，努力obtain; procure 獲得，取得peruse 細(xì)讀remunerate 酬勞utilize 利用subsequent 后來(lái)的，并發(fā)的ascertain 確定，深知contingent upon 視而定anticipate 預(yù)期；預(yù)定，預(yù)見，可以預(yù)料interrogate end 審問(wèn)，詢問(wèn)Stophome 本國(guó)，產(chǎn)地think (or: believe) 認(rèn)為，以為；相信happen 發(fā)生，碰巧，偶然FireBuildingtry 嘗試，試圖GetRead or studyPayUseNext or followingfind out 找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明（真相），認(rèn)識(shí)到，想出，揭發(fā)Depending on expect 期待，預(yù)期，盼望，指望Ask（） 正式的和非正式的語(yǔ)言比較Formal & Informal1) Will attain the age of 18 years. Will be 18 years old2) Render us more detail. We will institute a mail search. Send us more information. We will ask the post office to send out a tracer.3) We thank you in anticipation of this courtesy and assure you that it will be a pleasure to serve you in a similar manner. We shall appreciate your helping us. Let us know when we can return the favor.4) Inform me of your intentions as to the liquidation （清算）of this balance. Let me know when you can settle this account.5) Give consideration to a plan. Consider a plan6) This plan will effect a saving of $10,000. This plan will save $10,000.7) To effect certain modifications in a procedure contingent upon the concurrence of management. To make certain changes if management agrees.8) The conclusions ascertained from a perusal of the pertinent data (相應(yīng)的資料) are that a lucrative (有利的) market exists for the product in this vicinity（鄰近，附近，接近）.The data studied show that the product is in good demand in this area.（） 避免使用不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的語(yǔ)言水平不要說(shuō) 應(yīng)該說(shuō)aint isnt, arenthadnt ought shouldntirregardless regardlessno how anywayin regard to regardingcant hardly can hardlybetween you and Ibetween you and mewhere .at where下列是同一內(nèi)容三種不同語(yǔ)言水平的比較參考：Formal: Although Item 12 is enumerated （列舉）in the repor t, the writer has ascertained（確定，深知）that it is currently not in the organizations inventory （詳細(xì)目錄，存貨，財(cái)產(chǎn)清冊(cè)，總量）or in the writers possession（財(cái)產(chǎn)）.Informal: Although Item 12 is listed in the report, its not in our stock now and I dont have it either.Standard: Irregardless of the report that item aint on our shelves now, and I havent got it either.二 敘述得正確商業(yè)書信的內(nèi)容要敘述得正確，既不要說(shuō)得不夠(Understatement)，更不要說(shuō)得過(guò)頭(Overstatement)。例一 This stove is absolutely the best (or: the very best) on the market.(這種爐子是市場(chǎng)上絕對(duì)最好的爐子。)這句話是用來(lái)介紹商品的，但沒有具體介紹商品的性能，而是抽象地?cái)喽ㄟ@種爐子是市場(chǎng)上最好的。這樣介紹商品，不但不能達(dá)到推銷的目的，反而使人對(duì)寫信人有賣狗皮膏藥的感覺。改寫Our model A195 is designed on modern lines and gives, without any increase in fuel consumption, 25% more heat than the older models. So you will agree that it is the outstanding stove for economy of fuel.(我們的A195型爐子是按近代樣式設(shè)計(jì)的，在不增加燃料消耗的情況下，比其他各種舊式爐子溫度高25%。所以，你會(huì)同意，這是優(yōu)良的節(jié)約燃料的爐子。)三 字要正確日常工作離不開數(shù)字。對(duì)商業(yè)書信中的數(shù)字的正確性要特別加以注意，有時(shí)失之毫厘，謬以千里。甚至引起不同的理解。（a）以上，以下，以前，以后，從。到。等的表達(dá)法$2 or (and) above(over) 二美元和二美元以上60 dozen or (and) up (upward, upwards) 60打和60打以上2% or (and) more 2和2以上an order for 50 gross or upward50羅或50羅以上的定單an order for not less than 50 gross不少于50羅的定單5% up to 10% inclusive5到10（包括5和10）over 5% up to 10% inclusive5以上到10（包括10）（b）from and including today(this date)從今日起（包括今日）on and from Nov. 10;從11月10日起on and after Nov.10; （包括11月10日）as from Nov.10 從毀約之日起as from the date of the breach（包括毀約之日）up to $40 inclusive; 到40美元up to the maximum of $40（包括40美元）止up to and including Nov.20 到11月20日止（包括11月20日）as from the 1st to the 15th of March inclusive;從3月1日到15日f(shuō)rom the 1st to 15th of March both inclusive（包括1日和15日）during the period beginning on 從3月1日起到3月30日止March 1 and ending on March 30,這一期間（包括頭尾兩天。）both dates inclusive.四 理解和運(yùn)用商業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)一般常用的商業(yè)用語(yǔ)用字簡(jiǎn)潔，意義明確，使用得好，工作進(jìn)行得順利，使用得不好，就會(huì)引起混亂，誤解，甚至產(chǎn)生不必要的糾紛，如：You ask very short delivery for your order.寫信的人原意是說(shuō)你們要求趕快交你們的定貨?？墒莝hort delivery不是快點(diǎn)交貨的意思，而是短交的意思，這就用錯(cuò)了商業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。因此，應(yīng)該說(shuō)：Your require quick (prompt) delivery of your order.五 合適的寫作技巧或方法，以及正確運(yùn)用其他的六個(gè)(1) 非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人學(xué)英語(yǔ)中普遍的弱點(diǎn)之一是不能正確地拼寫（spelling）每一個(gè)英文字。拼寫正確與否是一個(gè)很重要的問(wèn)題。有時(shí)，一不小心，拼寫錯(cuò)了，會(huì)誤大事或出笑話。 你想買靴子，英文應(yīng)該是BOOTS，要是拼寫成BOATS就變成你想買船了。怎樣才能正確地拼寫？最好的辦法是讀得仔細(xì)，注意每個(gè)字的正確拼法及字母排列。要注意音節(jié)(syllables)字根(roots)前綴(prefixes)后綴(suffixes)有人就此寫了首打油詩(shī)做了個(gè)總結(jié)I before EExcept after COr when sounded as AAs in neighbor or weigh.其基本意思是說(shuō)除了在字母C之后或是發(fā)音是ei 之外，通常是I在E之前?，F(xiàn)舉例說(shuō)明：(a) ie 發(fā)音i:achieve， grieve， retrieve 重新得到believe， niece， shieldbrief， piece， shriek 尖聲叫喊，聳人聽聞的報(bào)道chief， pier橋頭， siege包圍，圍城，長(zhǎng)期努力，不斷襲擊；包圍，圍攻field， pierce刺穿，刺破，穿透突破， thieffiend魔王，魔鬼，撒旦， relieve， wield揮fierce兇猛的，猛烈的， reprieve緩刑，暫減，（痛苦，煩惱的）暫緩， yield(b) ei 發(fā)音i:Ceiling, conceive構(gòu)思，以為，考慮, deceive欺騙，行騙, perceive察覺，感知，感到，認(rèn)識(shí)到, receive(c) ei 發(fā)音eiFeint假裝, obeisance敬禮，鞠躬, sleigh雪橇Freight貨物，裝貨, reign, veilinveigh猛烈抨擊，痛罵，謾罵, rein, weighNeighbor, skein（一）束（一）群, weight例外：either, fiery, foreign, friend, heifer, height, inveigle, leisure, seize, sovereign, weird.又如以ceed, cede,和sede結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞中，只有三個(gè)普通的動(dòng)詞以ceed結(jié)尾，即：Exceed, proceed和succeed結(jié)尾的，如： acced, concede, intercede調(diào)解, precede, recede.名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式也得注意，否則也要出錯(cuò)。不過(guò)如何把名詞的單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)還是有規(guī)律的。（a） 絕大部分的名詞從單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，只要在詞尾加個(gè)s就行了。如：hat, hats; acrobat, acrobats; banana, bananas.（b） 單數(shù)名詞的字尾是s, ch, x或z的復(fù)數(shù)，通常是加es, 如：mass, masses; patch, patches; tax, taxes; buzz, buzzes.（c） 以y結(jié)尾的y前是輔音字母的單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，把y去掉改為I再加es，如：city, cities； community, communities.（d） 以y結(jié)尾的y前是元音字母的單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，只要在字尾加s, 如：money, moneys.（e） 以o結(jié)尾的而o前是元音字母的單數(shù)名詞，在字尾加s就變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如：radio, radios.（f） 以o結(jié)尾的而o前是輔音字母的單數(shù)名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，應(yīng)加es, 如：buffaloes, calicoes（印花布，白棉布）, cargoes, dominoes（多米諾骨牌）, echoes, embargoes, heroes, jingoes, mosquitoes, mottoes(mottos), mulattoes, potatoes, tomatoes, tornadoes, torpedoes, volcanoes.但有例外如：banjos, bolos, cantos, contraltos, dynamos, gigolos, octaves, pianos, quartos, silos, solos, sopranos, zeros.（g）絕大多數(shù)以f結(jié)尾的名詞，從單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，把f換成v再加上es，如：half, halves, scarf, scarves(or : scarfs) ; self, selves ; sheaf, sheaves ; thief, thieves ; wolf, wolves.但有例外如：beliefs, chiefs, dwarfs, griefs, handkerchiefs, hoofs, mischiefs, roofs, staffs（h） 專有名詞一般在字尾加s，構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)，但以ch, s, x或z結(jié)尾的專有名詞，則要加es如：the Kellys, the six Marys, the Finleys, the Harrises, the Foxes, the Heinzes.( i ) 字母，數(shù)字，記號(hào)或其他作這種用途的字的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在字尾加s，如：three ms; two2s; ifs and ands.( j )某些外來(lái)字還保留其原來(lái)的復(fù)數(shù)形式：agendum-agenda focus-focialumna-alumnae locus-locialumnus-alumni hypothesis-hypothesesanalysis-analyses larva-larvaeaxis-axes parenthesis-parentesesbacterium-bacteria phenomenon-phenomenabasis-bases radius-radiichassis-chassis stratum-stratacrisis-crises tableau-tableauxdatum-data thesis-theses復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)通常是其中的主要字用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：Fathers-in-law; hangers-on; passers-by; by-standers; solicitors general; attorneys general (or: attorney generals); major generals; Knights Templar.但也有都用復(fù)數(shù)形式的，如：Manservant, menservants; woman-servant, women-servants以上例子說(shuō)明，英語(yǔ)的拼寫是有一定規(guī)律的，只是多加注意，便可以逐漸掌握其規(guī)律。但是，任何規(guī)律都有其相對(duì)的例外，這就需要特別下工夫。有人把這些不規(guī)則的內(nèi)容編了一首打油詩(shī)，現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)錄下來(lái)，供參考。Well begin with a box and the plural is boxes,But the plural of ox should be oxen not oxes.Then one fowl is a goose but two are called geese,Yet the plural of mouse should never be meese.You may find a lone mouse or a whole set of mice,But the plural of house is houses not hice,If the plural of man is always called men,Shouldnt the plural o a pan be called pen?If I speak of a foot and you show me your feet,And I give you a boot would a pare be called beet?If one is a tooth and whole set are teeth,Why should not the plural of booth be called beeth?Then one may be that and three would be those,Yet hat in that plural wouldnt be hose.And the plural of cat is cats and not cose.We speak of a brother and also of brethren,But though we say Mother we never say Methren,Then the masculine pronouns are he, his, and him,But imagine the feminine, she, shis, and shim.So English I fancy, you all will agree,Is the funniest language you ever did see.() 正確使用大寫（Capital Letter）一般在每一句，每一個(gè)直接引語(yǔ)，每一行詩(shī)的第一個(gè)字要大寫，人的稱呼或頭銜，書名等要大寫，專有名詞要大寫，月名，星期幾要大寫，代詞要大寫。這是使用英語(yǔ)必須具備的起碼的知識(shí)。因此，大寫使用的正確與否，也是英語(yǔ)水平問(wèn)題。除了上述一般大寫規(guī)律以外，在商業(yè)書信英語(yǔ)中的大寫，還有其本身的特點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)說(shuō)明于下：（）North, South, East, West這四個(gè)字作為一般方向用時(shí)小寫，但是當(dāng)它們作為一個(gè)地理概念表示北方地區(qū)，南方地區(qū)，東方地區(qū)，西方地區(qū)，或?qū)Ｓ械牡孛?lián)用時(shí)，就必須大寫。例Cotton is the principal crop in the South; it is also grown extensively in the Southwest and in the Southern California(棉花是南部各州的重要作物，西南各州和加利福尼亞南部也廣泛種植。)（）商品名稱從語(yǔ)法上講，一般的商品名稱（非專有名詞）沒有必要大寫。在商業(yè)書信中為了強(qiáng)調(diào)（）或要促使對(duì)方注意，商品名稱常常大寫。例We have seen your advertisement in the Textile World and should be glad if you would send us patterns of Ladies Woolens with your best terms.(我們看到你們?cè)诳椢锝珉s志上的廣告，請(qǐng)寄婦女用毛織物樣本并告最優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格條件。)（）文件名稱例we have quoted our best terms on the enclosed Price List.（我們已隨函寄送價(jià)目表報(bào)最優(yōu)惠價(jià)格條件。）( D ) 公司，團(tuán)體，城市名稱省略時(shí)大寫例The Company will pay you $100 annuity.該公司將付給你年金100美圓。（）職務(wù)名稱例There is enclosed a letter from Mr. H.A.Anderson, President, National City Bank of New York.(同函附上花旗銀行行長(zhǎng)安得遜先生所寫書信一封。)（）船名例We have shipped the goods by the m.v.London Maru of OSK.（貨已由大阪輪船公司的倫敦丸輪裝運(yùn)。商業(yè)信函的書寫原則（4）Conciseness簡(jiǎn)潔是有客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。雖然西方國(guó)家的作者之間在怎樣用詞才算簡(jiǎn)潔方面還是有爭(zhēng)論的，不過(guò)他們的一些看法還是有一定參考價(jià)值的。現(xiàn)在把他們所做的某些詞句的不簡(jiǎn)潔的比較列在下面做參考：不簡(jiǎn)潔 簡(jiǎn)潔enclosed herewith enclosed enclosed you will find enclosed isplease dont hesitate to call upon us please write usplease feel free to write prior to please write beforethis is to advise you (five wasted words)under separate cover separatelya long period of time a long timecontinuous and uninterrupted continuous (or uninterrupted)during the year of 1971 during 1971endorse on the back of this check endorse this checkfor a price of $300 for $300grateful and appreciative grateful(or: appreciative)immediately and at once immediately (or: at once)in(for) the moment of $400 For $400in the city of Chicago in Chicagoaccording to our records we findat this time nowdue to the fact that becauseduring the time that whilefor the purpose of for, tofor the reason that since(or; because)下面是某些作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該用和不應(yīng)該用的：不應(yīng)該用 應(yīng)該用Averting to your favor Referring to your letterThe writer wishes to acknowledge Thank you for your letterWe are in receipt of We have receivedWe beg to acknowledge We have to acknowledgeWe beg to inform you We are writing to inform youWe beg to thank you We thank youYour letter to hand We have received your letter怎樣才能使商業(yè)書信簡(jiǎn)潔？ 西方國(guó)家作者有很多建議，先介紹如下：（一） 避免使用陳舊的商業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)陳舊的與傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)（Commercial jargon）對(duì)信的內(nèi)容沒有什么作用，應(yīng)該避免使用。例一：Wordy: We wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter of November 14 with the check for Stg.10 enclosed and wish to thank you for same.Concise: We appreciate your letter of November 14 and the check for Stg. 10 you sent with it.例二：Wordy: We take liberty to approach you with the request that you would be kind enough to introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your cities.Would you please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city?Concise: (a) Please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city.(b)Would you please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city?（注：此類簡(jiǎn)潔的表達(dá)方式很多。）（二） 要長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)，避免羅嗦通常商業(yè)人士每天需要閱讀大量的書信，對(duì)開門見山，長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)，直接切題的信特別歡迎。因此，寫信要力求長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)，例如：不要寫：Please see that an enquiry is conducted to determine the reason. 應(yīng)寫作：Please find out the reason.不要寫：We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion. 應(yīng)寫作：We are sorry we cannot meet your present order.要使用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言，有可能的話， 盡量使用單詞來(lái)代替某些嬌柔做作的短語(yǔ)如：Will you be good enough to-PleaseCome to a decision-decideExpress a preference for-preferFor the reason that-because刪去不必要的形容詞，如下列句子中的形容詞或副詞刪去后并不影響句子的原意：The proposal is under (active) consideration.The answer is (definitely) correct.I would (rather) think the fare is too high.The (true) facts are as stated（三） 要注意每句句子的長(zhǎng)短例如：We would like to know whether you would allow us to extend the time of shipment for twenty days, and if you would be so kind as to allow us to do so, kindly give us your reply by cable without delay.這句話過(guò)分客氣，使句子過(guò)長(zhǎng)而不清楚。內(nèi)容要求對(duì)方同意延期交貨20天，一般情況下，應(yīng)盡可能提出延