英語中級閱讀課文+翻譯.doc

1.George Washington1. I am again called upon by the voice of my country to execute the functions of its Chief Magistrate. 我再度奉祖國人民的召喚，履行總統(tǒng)職責(zé)。When the occasion proper for it shall arrive, I shall endeavor to express the high sense I entertain 當(dāng)今天這樣一個合適的機(jī)會到來之際，我必須設(shè)法將這種激動的心情表達(dá)出來。of this distinguished honor, 這份殊榮，and of the confidence which has been reposed in me by the people of United America.以及全體美國人民寄予我的信任，使我不禁心潮澎湃。2. Previous to the execution of any official act of the President 總統(tǒng)在正式行使職權(quán)之前，the Constitution requires an oath of office. 根據(jù)憲法的要求，應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行就職宣誓。This oath I am now about to take,在此，我謹(jǐn)立下以下誓言and in your presence: 當(dāng)著各位的面： That if it shall be found during my administration of the Government在我執(zhí)掌政府期間， I have in any instance violated willingly or knowingly the injunctions thereof, 倘若發(fā)現(xiàn)有任何企圖或故意觸犯法律的行為，I may (besides incurring constitutional punishment除了承受憲法的懲處之外，) be subject to the upbraidings of all who are now witnesses of the present solemn ceremony.我還甘愿接受今天所有親臨這一莊嚴(yán)儀式的人們的譴責(zé)?！?2.Abraham Lincoln1. At this second appearing to take the oath of the Presidential office在這第二次的宣誓就職典禮中， there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. 不像第一次就職的時候那樣需要發(fā)表長篇演說。Then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed fitting and proper. 在那個時候，對于當(dāng)時所要遵循的行動方針多少作比較詳細(xì)的說明，似乎是適當(dāng)?shù)?。Now, at the expiration of four years, 現(xiàn)在四年任期已滿，during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest 在這段戰(zhàn)爭期間的每個重要時刻和階段都經(jīng)常發(fā)布公示which still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, 這個戰(zhàn)爭至今仍為舉國所關(guān)注，并消耗了國人的許多精力，little that is new could be presented. 所以現(xiàn)在很少有什么新的發(fā)展可以奉告。The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, 我們的軍事進(jìn)展，是一切其它問題的關(guān)鍵所在，is as well known to the public as to myself, 各界人士對此情形跟我是一樣熟悉的，and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. 而我相信進(jìn)展的情況，可以使我們?nèi)w人民有理由感到滿意和鼓舞。With high hope for the future, 既然可以對將來寄予極大的希望，no prediction in regard to it is ventured.那么我們也就用不著在這一方面作什么預(yù)測了。2. On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago 在四年前同樣的場合下，all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. 所有的人都焦慮地關(guān)注著一場即將來臨的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。All dreaded it, all sought to avert it. 大家害怕它，想盡了方法去避免它。While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, 當(dāng)時我正在這里作就職演說，devoted altogether to saving the Union without war,竭盡全力想不用戰(zhàn)爭方法而能保存聯(lián)邦，insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war然而本城的反叛分子們卻設(shè)法不用戰(zhàn)爭而破壞聯(lián)邦seeking to dissolve the Union他們力圖瓦解聯(lián)邦，and divide effects by negotiation. 并以談判的方法來分割各方勢力。Both parties deprecated war, 雙方都聲稱反對戰(zhàn)爭，but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, 可是有一方寧愿打仗而不愿讓國家生存，and the other would accept war rather than let it perish,另一方則寧可接受這場戰(zhàn)爭，而不愿國家滅亡，and the war came.于是戰(zhàn)爭就來臨了。3.Theodore Roosevelt7. “I am profoundly moved and touched 我深深地感動by the signal honor shown me through your body in conferring upon me the Nobel Peace Prize. 對于貴評委會授予我諾貝爾和平獎這樣一份巨大的榮譽(yù)。There is no gift I could appreciate more 沒有比這更讓我感懷的禮物了，and I wish it were in my power fully to express my gratitude. 為此我要盡我的所有力量表達(dá)我的感激之請。I thank you for it, and I thank you on behalf of the United States;我要感謝你們，同時也代表美國感謝你們， for what I did, 因?yàn)閷τ谖宜龅囊磺校琁 was able to accomplish 我所取得的一切，only as the representative of the nation of which, 都是只有在代表這個國家的時候，for the time being, I am president.就目前來說，作為它的總統(tǒng)，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。8. After much thought, 我想了很多，I have concluded that the best and most fitting way to apply the amount of the prize 我現(xiàn)在決定使用這筆獎金的最好也是最合適的辦法is by using it as a foundation to establish at Washington a permanent industrial peace committee. 就是作為設(shè)立在華盛頓的永久工業(yè)和平委員會的基金會。The object will be to strive for better and more equitable relations among my countrymen who are engaged, 他的目標(biāo)是為我的同胞國人，爭取一個更好，更平等的關(guān)系。whether as capitalists or as wage workers, 無論你是資本家還是工薪階級的工人，in industrial and agricultural pursuits. 處在工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中This will carry out the purpose of the founder of the prize,這也將實(shí)現(xiàn)這個獎項(xiàng)創(chuàng)立者的目標(biāo)， for in modern life因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)代生活中， it is as important to work for the cause of just and righteous peace in the industrial world as in the world of nations. 爭取一個工業(yè)世界中的公正和正義的和平，與在世界范圍內(nèi)的和平事業(yè)，是同等重要的。9. I again express to you the assurance of my deep and lasting gratitude and appreciations.我再一次地表達(dá)我誠摯的深深的長久的感謝！4.Franklin D. Roosevelt1. Mr. Chief Justice, Mr. Vice President, my friends, 首席大法官先生、副總統(tǒng)先生、朋友們：you will understand and, I believe, agree with my wish 你們會理解，而且我相信也會贊同我的愿望，that the form of this inauguration be simple and its words brief. 把這次就職典禮辦成一個簡簡單單的儀式，而我則只發(fā)表一個簡短的演說。2. We Americans of today, together with our allies, 我們今天的美國人和我們的盟友一道，are passing through a period of supreme test. 正經(jīng)歷一個最為嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)時期。It is a test of our courageof our resolveof our wisdomour essential democracy.這是一次對我們的勇氣、決心和智慧的考驗(yàn)，也是一次對我們根本性的民主制度的考驗(yàn)。3. If we meet that testsuccessfully and honorably我們?nèi)裟艹晒Χ鈽s地經(jīng)受住這次考驗(yàn)，we shall perform a service of historic importance那我們就可以完成具有重要?dú)v史意義的使命，which men and women and children will honor throughout all time.受到人民世世代代的紀(jì)念。4. As I stand here today, 今天，我佇立于此，having taken the solemn oath of office 進(jìn)行了莊嚴(yán)的就職宣誓in the presence of my fellow countrymen在我國同胞的面前，in the presence of our God在我們上帝的面前，I know that it is Americas purpose that we shall not fail.當(dāng)此之際，我深知美國的目標(biāo)要求我們決不能失敗。5. In the days and in the years that are to come 在未來的歲月里，we shall work for a just and honorable peace, 我們要致力于建設(shè)一種公正而光榮的和平，a durable peace, 建設(shè)一種持久的和平，as today we work and fight for total victory in war.像我們今天正在為戰(zhàn)爭的徹底勝利而工作和戰(zhàn)斗一樣。6. We can and we will achieve such a peace.我們能夠而且必將獲得這樣一種和平。7. We shall strive for perfection. 我們要為完美的局面而奮斗。We shall not achieve it immediately我們不會馬上達(dá)到目標(biāo)，but we still shall strive.但我們?nèi)砸獮橹畩^斗。We may make mistakes我們也許會犯下錯誤，-but they must never be mistakes which result from faintness of heart or abandonment of moral principle.但我們決不能因?yàn)閱适б庵竞蛼仐壍懒x原則而犯錯誤。8. I remember that我記得，my old schoolmaster, Dr. Peabody, said,我們的老校長皮博迪博士說過 in days that seemed to us then to be secure and untroubled在我們似乎感到安穩(wěn)無憂的日子里，: Things in life will not always run smoothly. 生活中的事情并不總是一帆風(fēng)順的。Sometimes we will be rising toward the heights有時我們眼看就要登上頂峰，then all will seem to reverse itself 可是情況似乎很快急轉(zhuǎn)直下，and start downward. 又開始走下坡路了。The great fact to remember is that 但我們要牢記一個重要事實(shí)：the trend of civilization itself is forever upward; 文明本身的趨向永遠(yuǎn)是向上的，that a line drawn through the middle of the peaks and the valleys of the centuries 如果從數(shù)個世紀(jì)的高峰和低谷之間劃出的中線來看，always has an upward trend. 這條線一直都是呈上升趨勢的。”9. Our Constitution of 1787 was not a perfect instrument; 我們1787年的憲法并不是一份完美無缺的文獻(xiàn)，it is not perfect yet. 而且它至今仍未盡善盡美。But it provided a firm base 但它卻提供了一個堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，upon which all manner of men, of all races and colors and creeds, could build our solid structure of democracy.供不同種族、不同膚色、不同信仰的各式各樣的人們來建立一個牢固的民主大廈。 10. And so today, 因此，在今天，in this year of war, 1945, 在1945年這個戰(zhàn)爭的年頭，we have learned lessonsat a fearful cost我們用可怕的代價換取了若干教訓(xùn)，and we shall profit by them.我們會從中獲益不淺。11. We have learned that we cannot live alone, at peace; 我們懂得，單憑我們自己是無法生活在和平之中的，that our own well-being is dependent on the well-being of other nations far away.我們自己的富足有賴于相距遙遠(yuǎn)的其他國家的富足。We have learned that we must live as men, 我們懂得，我們必須像人一樣生活，not as ostriches, nor as dogs in the manger.而不是作為鴕鳥，或是馬槽里的狗。12. We have learned to be citizens of the world, 我們懂得了要做世界的公民，members of the human community.要成為整個人類社會的成員。13. We have learned the simple truth, 我們懂得了一個簡單的真理，as Emerson said, that也就是愛默生所說的：The only way to have a friend is to be one.只有當(dāng)朋友，才能交朋友。 We can gain no lasting peace if we approach it with suspicion and mistrust or with fear . 我們在謀求和平時，如果疑慮重重、互不信任和心懷畏懼，也就不能獲得持久的和平。14. We can gain it 我們才能獲得持久的和平。only if we proceed with the understanding, the confidence, and the courage which flow from conviction.只有滿懷來自于信念的理解、信任和勇氣而走向和平，15. The Almighty God has blessed our land in many ways. 全能的上帝一直以各種方式賜福于我們的國家。He has given our people stout hearts and strong arms 他賦予我們的人民堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志和有力的雙手，with which to strike mighty blows for freedom and truth. 用以為自由和真理而打退各種強(qiáng)大的進(jìn)攻。He has given to our country a faith 他賦予我們的國家一種信仰，which has become the hope of all peoples in an anguished world.在一個苦難深重的世界里，這種信仰已成為各國人民的希望。16. So we pray to Him now 因此，我們現(xiàn)在向上帝祈禱，for the vision to see our way clearly祈求它賜給我們遠(yuǎn)見，讓我們看清我們的道路to see the way that leads to a better life for ourselves and for all our fellow men一條使我們自己和全人類通向更加美好的生活的道路to the achievement of His will to peace on earth.一條通往實(shí)現(xiàn)上帝意愿和世界和平的道路。5.Lyndon Baines Jonhnson1. It is a great pleasure to be here today. This university has been coeducational since 1870, but I do not believe it was on the basis of your accomplishments that a Detroit high school girl said (and I quote), “In choosing a college, you first have to decide whether you want a coeducational school or educational school.” 今天很高興來到這里。這個大學(xué)從1870年以來一直是男女合校的，但是當(dāng)我引用一個來自底特律的高中女生的話說:“在選擇大學(xué)的時候，你首先要確定你想要的是一個男女合校的還是注重教育的大學(xué)”時，我想她一定不是以貴校所取得的成就作為她考慮的基礎(chǔ)的。Well, we can find both here at Michigan, although perhaps at different hours. I came out here today very anxious to meet the Michigan student whose father told a friend of mine that his sons education had been a real value. It stopped his mother from bragging about him.當(dāng)然，我們在密歇根大學(xué)能同時發(fā)現(xiàn)男女合校和注重教育這兩個特點(diǎn)，雖然可能是在不同的時候。我今天來也非常想要見一位密歇根大學(xué)的學(xué)生，他的父親告訴我的一個朋友說，他兒子得到的教育是貨真價實(shí)的，連孩子的母親也不再吹噓自己的兒子了。2. I have come today from the turmoil of your capital to the tranquility of your campus to speak about the future of your country. 我今天從喧囂的首都來到你們寧靜的校園，和你們談?wù)勥@個國家的未來。The purpose of protecting the life of our Nation and preserving the liberty of our citizens is to pursue the happiness of our people. 保護(hù)國人的生命以及捍衛(wèi)公民的自由的目的是為了讓人民追求幸福。Our success in that pursuit is the test of our success as a Nation . 我們追求幸福上的成功就是對我們作為一個國家的成功的檢驗(yàn)。3. For a century we labored to settle and to subdue a continent. 我們花了一個世紀(jì)的時間辛勤勞動，以便在這塊大陸上安居立業(yè)并征服這個大陸。For half a century we called upon unbounded invention and untiring industry to create an order of plenty for all of our people. 我們繼而又花了半個世紀(jì)的時間不斷發(fā)明創(chuàng)造、勤奮不懈地工作，以便為我們?nèi)w人民創(chuàng)造一個富裕的社會。The challenge of the next half century is whether we have the wisdom to use that wealth to enrich and elevate our national life, and to advance the quality of our American civilization.今后半個世紀(jì)的挑戰(zhàn)在于，我們能否利用這些財(cái)富來豐富和提高我們的國民生活并改善美國社會文明的質(zhì)量。4. Your imagination and your initiative and your indignation will determine whether we build a society where progress is the servant of our needs, or a society where old values and new visions are buried under unbridled growth. 我們是建立一個以進(jìn)步服務(wù)于人民需求的社會呢，還是建立一個傳統(tǒng)價值和新知灼見被脫韁的增長所掩埋的社會，這取決于你們的想象力、你們的主創(chuàng)性和你們的奮發(fā)意氣。For in your time we have the opportunity to move not only toward the rich society and the powerful society, but upward to the Great Society. 因?yàn)槟銈冞@一時代為你們提供了機(jī)會，使你們不僅可以向前進(jìn)入一個富裕和強(qiáng)大社會，而且可以向上邁入一個偉大的社會。5. The Great Society rests on abundance and liberty for all. 一個偉大的社會以全體人民的富足和自由為基石。It demands an end to poverty and racial injustice, to which we are totally committed in our time. 它要求消滅貧窮和種族不公正，這是我們這一代人全力以赴的一項(xiàng)任務(wù)。But that is just the beginning.但這僅僅是一個開端。 6. The Great Society is a place where every child can find knowledge to enrich his mind and to enlarge his talents. 在一個偉大的社會里，每一個孩子都能獲取知識以豐富頭腦，增長才干。It is a place where leisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect, not a feared cause of boredom and restlessness. 在那里，閑暇時間受人歡迎，可以用來充實(shí)自己或靜思反省，而不會成為無聊和煩躁的可怕誘因。It is a place where the city of man serves not only the needs of the body and the demands of commerce but the desire for beauty and the hunger for community. 在那里，城市不僅為人們的物質(zhì)需求和商業(yè)要求服務(wù)，而且也為滿足人們對美的渴望和對社會交往的迫切愿望服務(wù)。It is a place where man can renew contact with nature.在那樣一個社會里，人可以重新接近自然。 It is a place which honors creation for its own sake and for what is adds to the understanding of the race. 這一社會崇尚創(chuàng)造本身及創(chuàng)造對了解人類所能做出的貢獻(xiàn)。It is a place where men are more concerned with the quality of their goals than the quantity of their goods. 那里的人們更關(guān)心他們所向往的人生目標(biāo)的意義而不是其擁有的物質(zhì)數(shù)量。7. But most of all, the Great Society is not a safe harbor, a resting place, a final objective, a finished work.但是最主要的，偉大的社會不是一個安全的港灣，一個休息的地方，一個終極目標(biāo)，一項(xiàng)完成了的工作。 It is a challenge constantly renewed, beckoning us toward a destiny where the meaning of our lives matches the marvelous products of our labor.它是一個不斷更新的挑戰(zhàn)，吸引著我們向著我們的命運(yùn)前進(jìn)，在那里，我們生命的意義和我們精彩的勞動的成果是相匹配的。8. So I want to talk to you today about three places where we begin to build the Great Society in our countryside, and in our classrooms.因此，今天我想和你們談?wù)勎覀兛梢詮娜齻€地方開始建設(shè)我們偉大的社會 我們的城市，我們的農(nóng)村，和我們的教室。 9. Many of you will live to see the day, perhaps 50 years from now, when there will be 400 million Americans four-fifths of them in urban areas.你們中的許多人會活著看到這一天，可能是50年以后，那時候美國將有4億人其中五分之四在城市地區(qū)。 In the remainder of this century urban population will double, city land will double, and we will have to build homes and highways and facilities equal to all those built since this country was first settled.在這個世紀(jì)剩余的時間里，城市的人口將翻倍，城市的土地將翻倍，我們要建造的房屋、高速公路和設(shè)施，將和我們這個國家自從初次在此定居以來所造的一樣多。 So in the next 40 years we must re-build the entire urban United States. 因此在未來40年里我們必需重建美國的整個城市系統(tǒng)。10. Aristotle said: “Men come together in cities in order to live, but they remain together in order to live the good life.”亞里士多德說：“人類一起進(jìn)城是為了生存，但一起留在城里卻是為了美好的生活。” It is harder and harder to live the good life in American cities today. 現(xiàn)在在美國的城市里越來越難過上美好的生活了。The catalog of ills is long: there is the decay of the centers and the despoiling of the suburbs. There is not enough housing for our people or transportation for our traffic.社會弊病的目錄那么長：到處都看到城市的衰敗和對市郊的掠奪。人民沒有足夠的住房，交通沒有足夠的運(yùn)輸力。 Open land is vanishing and old landmarks are violated. 開闊地帶正在消失，標(biāo)志性的建筑被破壞。Worst of all expansion is eroding these precious and time honored values of community with neighbors and communion with nature.最糟糕的是這樣的擴(kuò)張正在侵蝕這些寶貴的歷史悠久的價值觀。 The loss of these values breeds loneliness and boredom and indifference. 這些與鄰里組成社區(qū)，與自然相交融的價值觀的消失，滋生出的是孤獨(dú)，無聊和冷漠。11. And our society will never be great until our cities are great.只有我們的城市偉大了我們的社會才會偉大。 Today the frontier of imagination and innovation is inside those cities and not beyond their borders. 現(xiàn)在，想象和發(fā)明所及仍局限于城市內(nèi)，還沒有跨越城界。新的試驗(yàn)正在展開。New experiments are already going on. It will be the task of your generation to make the American city a place where future generations will come, not only to live, but to live the good life.這是你們這代人的任務(wù)，讓美國的城市成為子孫后代都會到來的地方，不僅為了生存，更是為了美好的生活。 And I understand that if I stayed here tonight I would see that Michigan students are really doing their best to live the good life. 我相信如果我今天晚上一直待在這里的話，我將會看到密歇根的學(xué)子們正在為過上美好的生活盡他們最大的努力。12. This is the place where the Peace Corps was started. 這里是和平護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)開始的地方。13. It is inspiring to see how all of you, while you are in this country, are trying so hard to live at the level of the people. 看到你們所有人在這個國家，如此努力地和人民生活在同一個水平上，同心同德，這真是振奮人心的。14. A second place where we begin to build the Great Society is in our countryside.我們開始建設(shè)偉大社會的第二個地方是我們的農(nóng)村。 We have always prided ourselves on being not only America the strong and America the free, but America the beautiful. 我們總是深感自豪，不僅因?yàn)槊绹膹?qiáng)大和自由，更是因?yàn)槊绹拿利悺oday that beauty is in danger. 現(xiàn)如今這種美麗正處在危險中。The water we drink, the food we eat, the very air that we breathe, are threatened with pollution.我們所喝的水、所吃的食物以及呼吸的空氣都面臨污染威脅。 Our parks are overcrowded, our seashores overburdened. Green fields and dense forests are disappearing.我們的公園過于擁擠，海灘不堪重負(fù)，綠地和密林正在消失。15. A few years ago we were greatly concerned about the “Ugly American”. Today we must act to prevent an ugly America. 幾年前，我們極為擔(dān)憂的是“丑陋的美國人”。今天，我們必須采取行動以防出現(xiàn)一個丑陋的美國。16. For once the battle is lost, once our natural splendor is destroyed, it can never be recaptured. 因?yàn)橐坏┪覀冊谶@場拯救戰(zhàn)中失敗，一旦我們的自然美景被毀，它就再也不能恢復(fù)。And once man can no longer walk with beauty or wonder at nature his spirit will wither and his sustenance be wasted.而且，一旦人們不再能夠漫步于秀色大地，不再能驚嘆于自然，那么，人們將精神枯萎，虛度時光。17. A third place to build the Great Society is in the classrooms of America.建設(shè)偉大社會的第三個地方就是美國的教室。 There your childrens lives will be shaped.那里是塑造你們孩子的人生的地方。 Our society will not be great until every young mind is set free to scan the farthest reaches of thought and imagination. 只有當(dāng)每一個年輕人都能在思維和想象的王國里自由翱翔，我們的社會才能成為一個偉大的社會。We are still far from the goal. 我們離這一目標(biāo)還相差甚遠(yuǎn)。Today, 8 million adult Americans, more than the entire population of Michigan, have nit finished 5 years of school. Nearly 20 million have not finished 8 years of school. 目前，全美有800萬成年人，也就是比整個密歇根州人口還多的美國人未上完5年學(xué)（小學(xué)）。Nearly 54 million more than one quarter of all America have not even finished high school. 近2,000萬人未完成8年學(xué)習(xí)（初中），甚至有近5,400萬人即超過總?cè)丝?/4的美國人未上完高中。18. Each year more than 100,000 high school graduates, with proved ability, do not enter college because they cannot afford it. 每年有超過10萬高中畢業(yè)生，即使證明是有能力的，卻因?yàn)楦恫黄饘W(xué)費(fèi)而沒能如愿進(jìn)大學(xué)。And if we cannot educate todays youth, what will we do in 1970 when elementary school enrollment will be 5 million greater than 1960?如果我們不能讓現(xiàn)在的年輕人受教育，那么到1970年我們該怎么辦呢？到那時，小學(xué)的入學(xué)人數(shù)比1960年多出500萬，. And high school enrollment will rise by 5 milion. And college enrollment will increase by more than 3 million. 高中的入學(xué)人數(shù)也要增長500萬，而大學(xué)的入學(xué)人數(shù)則會提高超過300萬。19. In many places, classrooms are overcrowded and curricula are outdated.許多地方的教室過于擁擠，課程已經(jīng)過時。 Most of our qualified teachers are underpaid and many of our paid teachers are unqualified. 大多數(shù)稱職教師薪水不足，而同時卻有許多教師雖然拿了薪水，卻不稱職。So we must give every child a place to sit and a teacher to learn from. Poverty must not be a bar to learning, and learning must offer an escape from poverty. 貧困不應(yīng)成為學(xué)習(xí)的障礙，而學(xué)習(xí)則應(yīng)該為脫貧提供機(jī)會。20.But more classrooms and more teachers are not enough. 但是更多的教室和老師是不夠的。We must seek an educational system which grows in excellence as it grows in size. 我們必須尋求一種教育體系，既有量的增長又有質(zhì)的提高。This means better training for our teachers. 這意味著對教師進(jìn)行更好的培訓(xùn)。It means preparing youth to enjoy their hours of leisure as well as their hours of lanor. 這意味著讓年輕人既能夠享受長期的閑暇，又能耐得住長期的辛勞。It means exploring new techniques of teaching, to find new ways to stimulate the love of learning and the capacity for creation. 這意味著要開發(fā)新的教學(xué)方法，找到新的方法激發(fā)出對學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛和創(chuàng)造的能力。21. These are three of the central issues of the Great