裕興新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)筆記 第一課 課文講解.doc

裕興新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)筆記 第一課 課文講解老猴子咬菜根學(xué)習(xí)交流Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲獅Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. 美洲獅是一種體形似貓的大動(dòng)物，產(chǎn)于美洲。be found (there be): 產(chǎn)于，分布eg. Penguins are found in the Antarctica. 企鵝主要分布在南極。 Antarctica nt:ktk, -:t- n.南極洲eg. Pandas are large, bear-like animal which are found in China. 熊貓是大型的象熊一樣的動(dòng)物，分布在中國(guó)。When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. 當(dāng)倫敦動(dòng)物園接到報(bào)告說(shuō)，在倫敦以南45英里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時(shí)，這些報(bào)告并沒(méi)有受到重視。同位語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)單記憶：(1)同位語(yǔ)從句與中心詞是等同和等值的關(guān)系，而不是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系。這一點(diǎn)與定語(yǔ)從句孑然不同，定語(yǔ)從句與其先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系。(2)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that/which 在句中作成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），而同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that為連接詞，只起連接主句與從句之作用，不做任何成分。eg. I was shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday. (The news is that his father died yesterday. )能連接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有：belief, information, fact, suggestion, idea, problem, doubt, order, rumor(傳聞), discovery, evidence, opinion, conclusion Practice:1. An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask for more information about the matter.2. I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie Titanic.eg. News has just come into the studio that over 90% of our population are watching the Spring Festival Entertainment Show. 有消息傳到演播室說(shuō)：90%以上的觀眾正在收看我們的春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)。south of 在以南they人稱或指示代詞的替代含義要回到句子的切近部分尋找它的中心含義。take sth seriously 認(rèn)真對(duì)待take sth slightly 不把放在心上eg. Every one ought to take life seriously. 每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真對(duì)待生活。eg. Education is so important that we should take it seriously. 既然教育如此重要，我們都應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待。eg. When news came into the National Museum that an ancient bomb has been spotted 100 kilometers south of Xian, it was taken seriously. 當(dāng)有消息傳到國(guó)家博物館說(shuō)在西安市以南100公里的地方發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座古墓時(shí)，立刻受到了有關(guān)方面的高度重視。However, as the evidence began to accumulate,可是，隨著證據(jù)越來(lái)越多，However 語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)識(shí)詞（即顯示語(yǔ)篇發(fā)展的詞語(yǔ)）。引出作者真正意圖，表明事實(shí)真相，往往前后形成鮮明，相反的對(duì)比。）However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. 可是，隨著證據(jù)越來(lái)越多，動(dòng)物園的專家們感到有必要進(jìn)行一番調(diào)查，因?yàn)榉彩锹暦Q見到過(guò)美洲獅的人們所描述的情況竟是出奇地相似。for 說(shuō)明原因英語(yǔ)一般說(shuō)來(lái)，總是把最需要表達(dá)的東西放在一個(gè)句子的最前邊，漢語(yǔ)總是先因后果；而for并不引導(dǎo)一個(gè)強(qiáng)因果關(guān)系，因此是處于從屬地位而不是置于句首。As 不強(qiáng)調(diào)原因的重要性Since 既然 ，弱因果關(guān)系Because 強(qiáng)調(diào)直接的原因claimed to have done 動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的完成時(shí)，體現(xiàn)它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前eg. Till now, no organization claimed to have been responsible for this bombing. 迄今為止，沒(méi)有任何一起組織聲稱對(duì)該起爆炸事件負(fù)責(zé)。be similar to sb. in character (have a lot in common) 有很多共同之處eg. The brothers are similar to each other in character. 這兩位兄弟在性格上極其相似。bear a resemblance to /resemble 宛如，酷似 eg. He bears a resemblance to his father. 他酷似其父。（口語(yǔ)中）He looks like his father. 他象他爸。look/be like 像 take after 隨 eg. He takes after his father. 他長(zhǎng)得隨他爹。含義取決于說(shuō)話人的文化和受教育程度。The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. 搜尋美洲獅的工作是從一座小村莊開始的。那里的一位婦女在采摘黑莓時(shí)的看見“一只大貓”，離她僅5碼遠(yuǎn)。pick blackberries 采摘莓子pick apples 摘蘋果pick mushrooms 采蘑菇pick noses 挖鼻孔pick ears 掏耳朵pick teeth 剔牙It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. 她剛看見它，它就立刻逃走了。專家證實(shí)，美洲獅非被逼得走投無(wú)路，是決不會(huì)傷人的。unless: if not 可改寫成：If it is cornered, a puma will attack a human being.eg. A : May I have the loan ?B : _ you offer good security. A. But B . Unless C. Provided D. But for 選：C中國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)英語(yǔ)易犯的一個(gè)小錯(cuò)誤，是母語(yǔ)的思維。若選B則成了：If you do not offer good security, you may have the loan. （荒唐）provided = ifThe search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. 事實(shí)上搜尋工作很困難，因?yàn)槌３Ｊ窃绯吭诩椎匕l(fā)現(xiàn)那只美洲獅，晚上卻在20英里外的乙地發(fā)現(xiàn)它的蹤跡。prove difficult 顯然是困難的prove (to be) difficult consider sth (to be) 認(rèn)為是turn out (to be) 竟然是英語(yǔ)從19世紀(jì)初，甚至更早，而逐漸成為一種世界超級(jí)語(yǔ)言，被強(qiáng)行推廣，發(fā)展到今天我們的后現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，語(yǔ)言作為交際的手段而更加趨向簡(jiǎn)潔。這也是現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)發(fā)展方向。Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. 無(wú)論它走哪兒，一路上總會(huì)留下一串死鹿及死兔子之類的小動(dòng)物。Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. 在許多地方看見爪印，灌木叢中發(fā)現(xiàn)了粘在上面的美洲獅毛。bush beat around the bush 拐彎抹角，旁敲側(cè)擊Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. 有人抱怨說(shuō)夜里聽見“像貓一樣的叫聲”；一位商人去釣魚，看見那只美洲獅在樹上。on a fishing trip to 在去釣魚的途中on the honey-moon trip to Paris 在去巴黎的度蜜月的途中on way to 在去的路上on business to 在去出差的途中The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. 專家們?nèi)缃褚呀?jīng)完全肯定那只動(dòng)物就是美洲獅，但它是從哪兒來(lái)的呢？由于全國(guó)動(dòng)物園沒(méi)有一家報(bào)告丟了美洲獅，因此那只美洲獅一定是某位私人收藏豢養(yǎng)的，不知怎么設(shè)法逃出來(lái)了。reported missing 掛失must have been / done sth 作者主觀的肯定判斷，是事實(shí)總結(jié)、歸納的標(biāo)志in the possession of 為所有（主語(yǔ)為物）in possession of （主語(yǔ)是人）in the aut