英國文學(xué)史 復(fù)習(xí)資料 大綱 英語專業(yè)必考.doc

1 作家作品連線 1. Geoffrey Chaucer喬叟 The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事)，The Book of The Duchess（公爵夫人之書）、The Parliament of Fowls（百鳥會議）The House of Fame(聲譽之堂)、Troilus and Criseyde（特羅勒斯與克麗西德）2. William Shakespeare莎士比亞Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, SonnetThe Merchant of Venice，Henry IV， Twelfth Night， King Lear，Macbeth 3. Francis Bacon培根 （Essays）Of Marriage and Single Life（輪婚姻和單身）, Of Studies4. John Donne鄧恩 (Metaphysical poems玄學(xué)派詩人) Song and Sonnets（歌與十四行詩）, Holy Sonnets（圣十四行詩）5. John Milton 彌爾頓 Paradise Lost（失樂園）、 Paradise Regained（復(fù)樂園）Samson Agonistes（力士參孫）6. Daniel Defoe笛福 The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（魯濱孫漂流記）、Captain Singleton(辛格頓船長)、Moll Flanders（摩爾弗蘭德斯）A Journal of the Plague Year（大疫年日記）、Roxana（羅克薩娜）7. Jonathan Swift斯威夫特 Gullivers Travels（格列佛游記） A Tale of a Tub （一只桶的故事）,A Modest Proposal（一個溫和的建議）8. William Blake布萊克 Song of Innocence（天真之歌）, Song of experience（經(jīng)驗之歌）, Poetical Sketches（詩的素描）, The Book of Thel（塞爾書） 9. Robert Burns彭斯Auld Lang Syne, A Red Red Rose, 10. William Wordsworth華茲華斯I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud11. Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗），Biographia Literia （文學(xué)傳記）、Lyrical Ballads (抒情歌謠集)12. Jane Austen簡奧斯丁 Pride and Prejudice二、術(shù)語解釋 1、 Epic（史詩）: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It started in the 5th century, Beowulf was an important epic.2、 Humanism(人文主義):In the 15th century, It is aphilosophicalandethicalstance that emphasizes the value andagencyofhuman beings, individually and collectively preferscritical thinkingand evidence over established doctrine or faith. Thomas More wrote Utopia.3、 Renaissance（文藝復(fù)興）: The term originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. It started in the 15th century. Thomas More wrote Utopia.4、 Metaphysical poetry（玄學(xué)派）: In the17th century , metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas. John Donne wrote Songs and Sonnets.5、 Neoclassicism（新古典主義）: A revival in the 17th agogo of order, balance, and harmony in literature. Alexander Pope（亞歷山大蒲柏）translated Homers epic The Iliad and Odyssey”6、 Enlightenment（啟蒙主義）: In the 18th century, the Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. Jonathan Swift wrote Gullivers travels.7、 Essay（散文）: A piece of prose writing, usually short, that deals with a subject in a limited way and expresses a particular point or view. The essay was flourished in the 18th century because of the fiction. Daniel Defoe wrote the Robinson Crusoe.8、 Sentimentalism（感傷主義）: In the 18th century, sentimentalism came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in social reality. The Deserted Village was written by Oliver Goldsmith.9、 Romanticism（浪漫主義）: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in Western culture during most of the 19th century. Robert Burns wrote A Red ,Red Rose.10、 Sonnet（十四行詩）: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea. Sonnet 18 is one of important sonnets written by Shakespear.十四行詩很多， 我沒確定哪個世紀(jì)。三、解答1. 就莎士比亞的一部作品做出解析Hamlet is the profoundest expression of Shakespeares humanism and his criticism of contemporary life.The play opens with Hamlets appearing in a mood of world-weariness caused by his fathers death and by his mothers hasty marriage with his uncle, and ends up with the death of major characters.Hamlet is a man free from medieval prejudices and superstitions. He has an unbounded love for the world rather than for heaven. He cherishes a profound reverence for man, and a firm belief in mans power over destiny. Shakespeare expressed the traditional aspects of themes, such as hesitation, inherited sin and corruption, sons seeking revenge, deception, ambition, madness, loyalty, empty existence.Hamlet is usually regarded as the summit of his art.2. 魯濱遜漂流記的人物形象和情節(jié)Plot: It is the story of Robinson Crusoe, an Englishman who is shipwrecked in a lonely island. He lives on this lonely island and becomes self-sufficient. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners, a young native whom he calls Friday. Crusoe and Friday become close friends, and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England. Characteristics Robinson Crusoe who desires adventure never gives in the simple life. He is not a traditional hero or epic adventurer. He is always ready to admit unheroic feelings of fear or panic, as when he finds the footprint on the beach. Crusoe prefers to describe himself as an ordinary sensible man never as an exceptional hero.3. 喬叟對英國文學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)Geoffrey Chaucer is an outstanding English poet before Shakespeare and “the first finder of our language.” His The Canterbury Tales ranks as one of the greatest poetic works in English. He also contributed importantly in the second half of the 14th century to the management of public affairs as courtier, diplomat, and civil servant. In that career he was trusted and aided by three successive kingsEdward III, Richard II, and Henry IV. But it is his avocationthe writing of poetryfor which he is remembered.4. 在失樂園指撒旦的形象（The Image of Satan）(1)Satan in the poem is a rebel who rises against God and, though defeated, still seeks for revenge. He is by far the most striking character in the poem.(2)Satan is the real hero of the poem. He is admired and respected by his fellow-angels. He goes through many obstacles and makes revolt against God. Though weaker in force, he remains superior in nobility. He welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy.(spirit of revolution)(3)Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.5. 培根散文節(jié)選段落評價(Characteristics of Bacons Essays)是不是應(yīng)該選擇一個文章來評價？比如談讀書什么的？這是對于他全集的評價Bacons essays are characterized by their conciseness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness, practicality and versatility.His essays have been considered as a reformation of popular euphuism(夸飾文體)of his contemporaries. Usually each essay discusses a single subject, for instance, Of Beauty, Of Marriage, Of Riches, Of Studies. Short as they are, these essays show Bacons profundity in understanding man and society. These essays cover a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, youth and age and many othersThey have won popularity for his clearness, brevity (簡短) and force of expression選擇了（論讀書）Of studies in detail discussed thepurpose and function ofreading,analyzesmany different attitudes towardsreading and introduces the methodsof reading.Baconin this this essay uses theparallelism. This essayisone of theimportant article.Bacons essays are characterized by their conciseness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness, practicality and versatility.His essays have been considered as a reformation of popular euphuism(夸飾文體)of his contemporaries. Usually each essay discusses a single subject, for instance, Of Beauty, Of Marriage, Of Riches, Of Studies. Short as they are, these essays show Bacons profundity in understanding man and society. 6. 傲慢與偏見的情節(jié)(Pride and Prejudice)Elizabeth was born to a family of small landowners four sisters, Jane, Mary, Katie and Lydia. They have a little monotonous quiet life along with the two young guys coming up and it is undeniable and eliminate the waves. Bingley is healthy and progressive and rich Darcy is a good friend, became acquainted with the town lure of this home.Elizabeth is both intelligent and strong-minded woman. Although Darcy and Elizabeth from Pride and Prejudice, respectively, while the other left out, unaware of their true mind, but they really attracted to each other. Finally, in Elizabeths sister after the elopement with Lydia, Darcy save her reputation. They gradually eliminatemisunderstanding between them ,eventually engaged.7. 對18世紀(jì)英國文學(xué)做一個總結(jié)（ppt上的）The main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. What the writers described in their works were social realities. The main characters were usually common men. Most of the writers concentrated their attention to daily life. Novel writing made a big advance in this century. The main characters in the novels were no longer kings and nobles but the common people. 8. 格列佛游記的情節(jié)When Lemuel Gulliver sets off from London on a sea voyage, little does he know the many incredible and unbelievable misadventures awaiting him. Shipwrecked at sea and nearly drowned, he washes ashore upon an exotic island called Lilliput-where the people are only six inches tall! Next he visits a land of incredible giants called Brobdingnagians. They are more than sixty feet tall! He travels to Laputa, a city that floats in the sky, and to Glubbdubdrib, the Island of Sorcerers. His final voyage brings him into contact with the Yahoos-a brutish race of subhumans-and an intelligent and virtuous race of horse, the Houyhnhnms.四、詩歌賞析（賞析:形式、音韻、主題、語言風(fēng)格。這是老師說的，應(yīng)該是其中幾個方面）1、In terms of content :內(nèi)容 1) Lyrical Poems（抒情詩）：Songs（韻文)、odes（頌詩）、Elegy（挽詩）2) Narrative Poems（敘事詩）：Epics (史詩) 、ballads（民謠）3) Dramatic Poems（戲劇詩）2、In terms of metre （音韻）：1) Metrical Poems（格律詩）：Regular Rhyme; Regular Rhythm; Definite Number of Lines2) Irregular Rhyme and Rhythm（自由詩）; Irregular Number of Lines3) Without Rhyme（無韻詩/素體詩）; With Rhythm3、主題：據(jù)具體詩歌而定（贊賞* 歌頌*）4、語言風(fēng)格：Romantic poetry is the flow of imagination, spontaneity（自發(fā)性）and powerful feelings五、短篇小說（課本：丹尼爾笛福、喬納森斯威夫特）1、Different st