美國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽(AMC)常用單詞.doc

美國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽（AMC）常用單詞mathematics, maths（BrE）, math（AmE）dividenddivisorquotientequals, is equal to, is equivalent tois greater thanis lesser thanis equal or greater thanis equal or lesser thanoperatordigitnumbernatural numberaxiomtheoremcalculationoperationprovehypothesis, hypotheses（pl.）propositionarithmeticplus（prep.）, add（v.）, addition（n.）augend, summandaddendsumminus（prep.）, subtract（v.）, subtraction（n.）minuendsubtrahendremaindertimes（prep.）, multiply（v.）, multiplication（n.）multiplicand, faciendmultiplicatorproductdivided by（prep.）, divide（v.）, division（n.）integerdecimaldecimal pointfractionnumeratordenominatorratiopositivenegative數(shù)學(xué)被除數(shù)除數(shù)商等于大于小于大于等于小于等于運(yùn)算符數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)自然數(shù)公理定理計(jì)算運(yùn)算證明假設(shè)命題算術(shù)加被加數(shù)加數(shù)和減被減數(shù)減數(shù)差乘被乘數(shù)乘數(shù)積除整數(shù)小數(shù)小數(shù)點(diǎn)分?jǐn)?shù)分子分母比正負(fù)null, zero, nought, nildecimal systembinary systemhexadecimal systemweight, significancecarrytruncationroundround downround upsignificant digitinsignificant digitalgebraformula, formulae（pl.）monomialpolynomial, multinomialcoefficientunknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factorequationsimple equationquadratic equationcubic equationquartic equationinequationfactoriallogarithmexponentpowersquarecubethe power of four, the fourth powerthe power of n, the nth powerevolution, extractionsquare rootcube rootthe root of four, the fourth rootthe root of n, the nth rootaggregateelementvoidsubsetintersectionunion零十進(jìn)制二進(jìn)制十六進(jìn)制權(quán)進(jìn)位截尾四舍五入下舍入上舍入有效數(shù)字無效數(shù)字代數(shù)公式單項(xiàng)式多項(xiàng)式系數(shù)未知數(shù)等式，方程式一次方程二次方程三次方程四次方程不等式階乘對(duì)數(shù)指數(shù)，冪乘方二次方，平方三次方，立方四次方n次方開方二次方根，平方根三次方根，立方根四次方根n次方根集合元素空集子集交集并集complementmappingfunctiondomain, field of definitionrangeconstantvariablemonotonicityparityperiodicityimageseriescalculusdifferentialderivativelimitinfinite（a.） infinity（n.）infinitesimalintegraldefinite integralindefinite integralrational numberirrational numberreal numberimaginary numbercomplex numbermatrixdeterminantgeometrypointlineplanesolidsegmentradialparallelintersectangledegreeradianacute angleright angleobtuse angle補(bǔ)集映射函數(shù)定義域值域常量變量單調(diào)性奇偶性周期性圖象數(shù)列，級(jí)數(shù)微積分微分導(dǎo)數(shù)極限無窮大無窮小積分定積分不定積分有理數(shù)無理數(shù)實(shí)數(shù)虛數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)矩陣行列式幾何點(diǎn)線面體線段射線平行相交角角度弧度銳角直角鈍角straight angleperigonbasesideheighttriangleacute triangleright triangleleghypotenusePythagorean theoremobtuse trianglescalene triangleisosceles triangleequilateral trianglequadrilateralparallelogramrectanglelengthwidthrhomb, rhombus, rhombi（pl.）, diamondsquaretrapezoidright trapezoidisosceles trapezoidpentagonhexagonheptagonoctagonenneagondecagonhendecagondodecagonpolygonequilateral polygoncirclecentre（BrE）, center（AmE）radiusdiameterpiarcsemicirclesector平角周角底邊高三角形銳角三角形直角三角形直角邊斜邊勾股定理鈍角三角形不等邊三角形等腰三角形等邊三角形四邊形平行四邊形矩形長(zhǎng)寬菱形正方形梯形直角梯形等腰梯形五邊形六邊形七邊形八邊形九邊形十邊形十一邊形十二邊形多邊形正多邊形圓圓心半徑直徑圓周率弧半圓扇形ringellipsecircumferenceperimeterarealocus, loca（pl.）similarcongruenttetrahedronpentahedronhexahedronparallelepipedcubeheptahedronoctahedronenneahedrondecahedronhendecahedrondodecahedronicosahedronpolyhedronpyramidprismfrustum of a prismrotationaxisconecylinderfrustum of a conespherehemisphereundersurfacesurface areavolumespacecoordinatesx-axis, y-axis, z-axisx-coordinatey-coordinateoriginhyperbolaparabolatrigonometry環(huán)橢圓圓周周長(zhǎng)面積軌跡相似全等四面體五面體六面體平行六面體立方體七面體八面體九面體十面體十一面體十二面體二十面體多面體棱錐棱柱棱臺(tái)旋轉(zhuǎn)軸圓錐圓柱圓臺(tái)球半球底面表面積體積空間坐標(biāo)系坐標(biāo)軸橫坐標(biāo)縱坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)雙曲線拋物線三角sinecosinetangentcotangentsecantcosecantarc sinearc cosinearc tangentarc cotangentarc secantarc cosecantphaseperiodamplitudeincentre（BrE）, incenter（AmE）excentre（BrE）, excenter（AmE）escentre（BrE）, escenter（AmE）orthocentre（BrE）, orthocenter（AmE）barycentre（BrE）, barycenter（AmE）inscribed circlecircumcirclestatisticsaverageweighted averagevarianceroot-mean-square deviation, standard deviationpropotionpercentpercentagepercentilepermutationcombinationprobabilitydistributionnormal distributionabnormal distributiongr