情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的講解及練習(xí)題.doc

優(yōu)勝教育表推測(cè)時(shí)，英語中只使用must,may,might,may not和cant。這五個(gè)表達(dá)的語氣依次遞減：must:一定（語氣肯定）may：也許（不很肯定）might：或許（比may語氣更弱）may not：也許不（表否定）cant：一定不（must的反義）推測(cè)現(xiàn)在的事情用must,may,might,may not和cant+do或bee.g.She must be at home now. The boy may play now.推測(cè)過去的事情用must,may,might,may not和cant+have donee.g.She might have been ill yesterday. He must have hold the party.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, can, could, may, might表推測(cè)的用法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的must, can, could, may, might都表推測(cè)。其中must的可能性最大，can / could次之，may / might最小。具體用法如下：1.must的用法（1）表示推測(cè)“可能性”時(shí)，意思是“一定、準(zhǔn)是”，語氣較肯定，較有把握。He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他準(zhǔn)是個(gè)美國(guó)人。（2）must表推測(cè)只能用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思時(shí)，應(yīng)用cant,如詢問某種可能時(shí)，應(yīng)用can。He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。（一定） He cant know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不）Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址嗎？（詢問可能性）（3）must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，可以推測(cè)現(xiàn)在/正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He must have a car now. （現(xiàn)在）他一定有輛小汽車。He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.（正在進(jìn)行）他一定在教室里做練習(xí)。He must have finished the work.（過去發(fā)生）他一定已完成了工作。注：must表示推測(cè)時(shí)很少用于將來的情況。一般不用He must come tomorrow.可用Its certain / Im sure that he will come tomorrow.（4）在反意疑問句中，當(dāng)附屬部分含有表示推測(cè)意義的must時(shí)，疑問部分的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與must后面的動(dòng)詞在非推測(cè)情況下的用法保持一致。 He must be a worker, isnt he? （現(xiàn)在）他準(zhǔn)是個(gè)工人，是嗎？It must have rained last night, didnt it? （過去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？You must have learned English for many years, havent you? （完成時(shí)）你一定學(xué)了好多年英語，是嗎？2.can / could的用法（1）can表示推測(cè)“可能性”時(shí)，往往用于否定句或疑問句。Cant“一定不”，語氣很肯定。can在疑問句中意思是“會(huì)、可能”。用于肯定句時(shí)，表示理論上的，潛在的可能性（有傾向，實(shí)際上未必會(huì)發(fā)生或者不涉及實(shí)際是否發(fā)生）往往與sometimes 或者 someone 有關(guān)。Accidents can happen. He cant be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。（2）can /cant后可接進(jìn)行時(shí)/完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行推測(cè)。They cant be reading in the library. 他們一定不在圖書館讀書。He cant have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago. 他不可能去了上海，我剛才還看見他。Its so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了，她可能去哪兒了呢？（3）在反意疑問句中，當(dāng)陳述部分含有表示推測(cè)意義的cant時(shí)，疑問部分的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與cant后面的動(dòng)詞在非推測(cè)情況下的用法保持一致.He cant be a teacher, is he? 他不是教師，是嗎？She cant have finished her homework, has she? 她一定沒有完成家庭作業(yè)，是不是？could可用于表示某事有可能發(fā)生表示可能性不大的推測(cè)。意思相當(dāng)于may/might Dont eat it. It could be poisonous. 不要吃它，可能有毒。The plane could be delayed by fog. 飛機(jī)可能會(huì)因?yàn)殪F晚點(diǎn)。 （5）could還可以用于表示客氣、委婉、禮貌的請(qǐng)求語氣。Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station?Could you help me?（6）couldnt表示否定推測(cè)，表示某事不可能真實(shí)，或由于特定事實(shí)或環(huán)境某事肯定不會(huì)發(fā)生。It couldnt possibly be poison. 這不可能是毒藥。表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事推測(cè)，常常和have done 連用He was not at home last night . He could/ might have gone to movies. I didnt see her at the meeting yesterday; she couldnt have spoken at the meeting. 3. may和might的用法（1）may, might表示推測(cè)“可能性”時(shí)，意思是“可能”、“也許”，語氣沒有 must肯定。He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American.他可能是個(gè)美國(guó)人。注：might不表示過去時(shí)態(tài)，只是語氣上比may更委婉，表示的可能性更小。（2）may, might表推測(cè)時(shí)，可以用于否定句，意思是“可能不、也許不”，但不用于疑問句。He may / might not be at home. 他也許不在家。（3）may, might可以推測(cè)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He may / might be sleeping now. （現(xiàn)在）他可能正在睡覺。The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. （現(xiàn)在）這個(gè)男孩可能沒在家看電視These students may / might have seen the film before.（過去）這些學(xué)生以前可能看過這部電影。（4）may, might還可以推測(cè)將來的情況。I think we should take raincoat with us, it may rain. 我想我們應(yīng)該帶上雨衣，可能要下雨了。She might not come this afternoon. 她今天下午可能不來一、單項(xiàng)選擇1 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. need C. cant D. must 2 John isnt in the classroom. He play soccer on the playground with Bob. A. can B. must C. should D. cant3 That _not be her husband . She is still single. A. may B.can C. could D. might 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because you got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would5 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not 6 -He_ be in the classroom, I think. -No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt 7 -Is Lena swimming in the pool? -No, she swim. She is terrified of water.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt8 He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill.A. can B. shall C. must D. might9 -What do you think “upset” means? - Im not sure. It mean “sad”.may B. must C. can D. should 10 The children_ play football on the road. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must 11.The road is wet . It _last night.A must rain B must have rained C could have rained D can have rained 12 .He _you more help , even though he was busy .A might have given B might not give C may not have given D may give 1. Look! The light is out in her room. She to bed already. A. must go B. had to go C.must have gone D.has gone 2. We had a wonderful time yesterday. You .Why didnt you come? A. had to come B.should have come C.might have come D.must have come 3. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It_ a comfortable journey.A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been4. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture.A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attendedC. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended5. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. Shouldnt have left C. Couldnt have left D. neednt leave6. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach,I_ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt cut B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat7. Mr.White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving8. You _ be tired - youve only been working for an hour.A. must not B. won t C. can t D. may not9. - Isn t that Anns husband over there?- No, it _ be him -Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not10. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.A . mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D.neednt11. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at lease 150 km an hour.A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have done12. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant13. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.- Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties!A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through14. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.Ashould put Bcould have put Cmight put Dmust have put15. Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You it. I could manage it myself.Aneednt do Bneednt have done Cmustnt do Dshouldnt have done16.Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?Something _ to him.Amust happen Bshould have happened Ccould have happened Dmust have happened情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done 結(jié)構(gòu)1-You didnt wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?-No, but we _. He didnt return home at all.A. couldnt have waited B. neednt haveC. didnt need to D. should wait2Harry _ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could B. might C. should D. must3-May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six oclock tonight ?”-“Im sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone4-Tom took away our teachers cell phone without being permitted.- Really? I cant imagine that he _ have done such a thing.A. must B. may C. can D. should6The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .A. should have taken B. could have takenC. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken7He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free.A. could B. would C. must D. need8I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She at themeeting .A. mustnt have spoken B. mightnt have spokenC. cant have spoken D. shouldnt have spoken9- Hi, is that Peter Brown?-Sorry. You _ the wrong number .A. must dial B. must have dialed C. should dial D. should have dialed10I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They